第二節: 並發編程之synchronized/Lock和AQS詳解

本文轉載自查看原文 2020-03-28 18:03 1266 並發編程專題

第一部分: synchronized

臨界資源

在多線程並發過程中，有可能會出現多個線程同時出現訪問同一個共享，可變資源的情況。這個資源可能是變量、文件、對象等。

　　共享：資源可以由多個線程同時訪問

　　可變：資源可以在其生命周期內修改

引發的問題：

　　由於線程的過程是不可控的，所以需要采用同步機制來對協同對象可變狀態的訪問。

Java 中，提供了兩種方式來實現同步互斥訪問：synchronized 和 Lock
同步器的本質就是加鎖

加鎖目的

序列化訪問臨界資源：即在任一時刻，只能有一個線程訪問臨界資源，也稱為 同步互斥訪問。

JAVA鎖體系

JAVA線程生命狀態

synchronized原理詳解

synchronized內置鎖是一種對象鎖，（鎖的是對象而非引用)，作用粒度是對象，可以用來實現對臨界資源的同步互斥訪問，是可重入的。

加鎖的方式：

1. 同步實例方法鎖是當前實例對象

2. 同步類方法鎖是當前類對象

3. 同步代碼塊鎖是括號里面的對象

synchronized不能跨方法保證原子性，那如何實現跨方法保證？ --- Unsafe類monitorenter和monitorexit來實現。

synchronized底層原理

synchronized是基於底層JVM內置鎖實現，通過內部對象Monitor(監控器鎖)實現，基於進入和退出Monitor對象實現方法和代碼塊同步，監視器鎖的實現依賴底層操作系統的Mutex Lock(互斥鎖)實現，它是一個重量級鎖性能較低。
synchronized關鍵字被編譯成字節碼后會被翻譯成monitorenter 和 monitorexit 兩條指令分別在同步塊邏輯代碼的起始位置與結束位置。

每個同步對象都有一個自己的Monitor(監視器鎖)，加鎖過程如下圖所示：

問題:synchronized加鎖加在對象上，對象是如何記錄鎖狀態的呢？

-- 鎖狀態是被記錄在每個對象的對象頭（Mark Word）中.

對象的內存布局

HotSpot虛擬機中，對象在內存中存儲的布局可以分為三塊區域：對象頭（Header）、實例數據（Instance Data）和對齊填充(Padding).
-- 對象頭：比如 hash碼，對象所屬的年代，對象鎖，鎖狀態標志，偏向鎖（線程）ID，偏向時間，數組長度（數組對象）等
-- 實例數據：即創建對象時，對象中成員變量，方法等
-- 對齊填充：對象的大小必須是8字節的整數倍

JVM內置鎖在1.5之后版本做了重大的優化

如鎖粗化（Lock Coarsening）、鎖消除（Lock Elimination）、輕量級鎖（Lightweight Locking）、偏向鎖（Biased Locking）、適應性自旋（Adaptive Spinning）等技術來減少鎖操作的開銷，，內置鎖的並發性能已經基本與Lock持平.

鎖粗化舉例：

===鎖粗化===》

鎖消除舉例：

逃逸分析

使用逃逸分析，編譯器可以對代碼做如下優化：

一、同步省略。如果一個對象被發現只能從一個線程被訪問到，那么對於這個對象的操作可以不考慮同步。

二、將堆分配轉化為棧分配。如果一個對象在子程序中被分配，要使指向該對象的指針永遠不會逃逸，對象可能是棧分配的候選，而不是堆分配。

三、分離對象或標量替換。有的對象可能不需要作為一個連續的內存結構存在也可以被訪問到，那么對象的部分（或全部）可以不存儲在內存，而是存儲在CPU寄存器中

在Java代碼運行時，通過JVM參數可指定是否開啟逃逸分析，

-XX:+DoEscapeAnalysis ：表示開啟逃逸分析

-XX:DoEscapeAnalysis ：表示關閉逃逸分析

從jdk 1.7開始已經默認開始逃逸分析，如需關閉，需要指定-XX:DoEscapeAnalysis

public class StackAllocTest {

    /**
     * 進行兩種測試
     * 關閉逃逸分析，同時調大堆空間，避免堆內GC的發生，如果有GC信息將會被打印出來
     * VM運行參數：-Xmx4G -Xms4G -XX:-DoEscapeAnalysis -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError
     *
     * 開啟逃逸分析
     * VM運行參數：-Xmx4G -Xms4G -XX:+DoEscapeAnalysis -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError
     *
     * 執行main方法后
     * jps 查看進程
     * jmap -histo 進程ID
     */

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 500000; i++) {
            alloc();
        }
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        //查看執行時間
        System.out.println("cost-time " + (end - start) + " ms");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }
    }


    private static TulingStudent alloc() {
        //Jit對編譯時會對代碼進行 逃逸分析
        //並不是所有對象存放在堆區，有的一部分存在線程棧空間
        TulingStudent student = new TulingStudent();
        return student;
    }

    static class TulingStudent {
        private String name;
        private int age;
    }
}

關閉逃逸分析：

關閉逃逸分析，同時調大堆空間，避免堆內GC的發生，如果有GC信息將會被打印出來

VM運行參數：-Xmx4G -Xms4G -XX:-DoEscapeAnalysis -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError

執行結果：

查看線程 jps

分析進程 jmap -histo + 進程號

打開逃逸分析：

開啟逃逸分析，同時調大堆空間，避免堆內GC的發生，如果有GC信息將會被打印出來

VM運行參數：-Xmx4G -Xms4G -XX:+DoEscapeAnalysis -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError

問題：是不是實例對象都存放在堆區？

-- 不一定，如果實例對象沒有線程逃逸行為，實例對象存放在堆區；如果有線程逃逸行為，則有可能部分存在線程棧中。

如果實例對象存儲在堆區，實例對象內存存在堆區，實例的引用存在棧上，實例的元數據class存放在方法區或元空間。

輕量級鎖使用場景：

鎖的升級過程拆分

JVM鎖的膨脹升級過程場景一：

JVM鎖的膨脹升級過程場景二：

鎖的升級過程明細如下：

第二部分: LOCK&AQS -- 如獨占鎖：ReentrantLock 讀寫鎖:ReentrantReadWriterLock

AbstractQueuedSynchronizer(AQS) 同步框架器

並發之父 Doug Lea

Java並發編程核心在於java.concurrent.util包而juc當中的大多數同步器實現都是圍繞着共同的基礎行為，比如等待隊列、條件隊列、獨占獲取、共享獲取等，而這個行為的抽象就是基於AbstractQueuedSynchronizer簡稱AQS，

AQS定義了一套多線程訪問共享資源的同步器框架，是一個依賴狀態(state)的同步器。

Java.concurrent.util當中同步器的實現如Lock,Latch,Barrier等，都是基於AQS框架實現

一般通過定義內部類Sync繼承AQS
將同步器所有調用都映射到Sync對應的方法

AQS內部維護屬性 volatile int state (32位)

state表示資源的可用狀態

State三種訪問方式

getState()、setState()、compareAndSetState()

AQS定義兩種資源共享方式

Exclusive-獨占，只有一個線程能執行，如ReentrantLock

Share-共享，多個線程可以同時執行，如Semaphore/CountDownLatch

AQS定義兩種隊列

同步等待隊列 CLH對列(雙向鏈表)
條件等待隊列

不同的自定義同步器爭用共享資源的方式也不同。自定義同步器在實現時只需要實現共享資源state的獲取與釋放方式即可，至於具體線程等待隊列的維護（如獲取資源失敗入隊/喚醒出隊等），AQS已經在頂層實現好了。

自定義同步器實現時主要實現以下幾種方法:

isHeldExclusively()：該線程是否正在獨占資源。只有用到condition才需要去實現它。
tryAcquire(int)：獨占方式。嘗試獲取資源，成功則返回true，失敗則返回false。
tryRelease(int)：獨占方式。嘗試釋放資源，成功則返回true，失敗則返回false。
tryAcquireShared(int)：共享方式。嘗試獲取資源。負數表示失敗；0表示成功，但沒有剩余可用資源；正數表示成功，且有剩余資源。
tryReleaseShared(int)：共享方式。嘗試釋放資源，如果釋放后允許喚醒后續等待結點返回true，否則返回false

AQS具備特性：

阻塞等待隊列
共享/獨占
公平/非公平
可重入
允許中斷

問題 : 阻塞等待隊列，是如何實現的？ -- 通過魔術類 UnSafe.park() / UnSafe.unpark()

AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java

問題 : 公平和非公平鎖如何實現？

公平鎖: private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(true);

非公平鎖: private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(false);

問題 : 共享鎖和獨占鎖如何區分的？

AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java

問題 : AQS定義兩種資源共享方式? --- 共享和獨占

Exclusive -- 獨占，只有一個線程能執行，如ReentrantLock
share -- 共享，多個線程可以同時執行，如Semaphore / CountDownLatch

AQS定義的兩種對列

同步等待隊列 CLH（雙向鏈表）
條件等待隊列

同步等待隊列詳解

AQS當中的同步等待隊列也稱CLH隊列，CLH隊列是Craig、Landin、Hagersten三人發明的一種基於雙向鏈表數據結構的隊列，
是FIFO先入先出線程等待隊列，Java中的CLH隊列是原CLH隊列的一個變種,線程由原自旋機制改為阻塞機制。

條件等待隊列

Condition是一個多線程間協調通信的工具類，使得某個，或者某些線程一起等待某個條件（Condition）,只有當該條件具備時，這些等待線程才會被喚醒，從而重新爭奪鎖。

常見各種鎖詳解：

可重入鎖舉例：

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 *  可重入鎖
 */
public class LockTemplete {
    private Integer counter = 0;
    /**
     * 可重入鎖,公平鎖
     * 公平鎖，
     * 非公平鎖
     * 需要保證多個線程使用的是同一個鎖
     *
     *
     * synchronized是否可重入？
     * 虛擬機，在ObjectMonitor.hpp定義了synchronized他怎么取重入加鎖 ..。hotspot源碼
     * counter +1
     * 基於AQS 去實現加鎖與解鎖
     */
    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(true);

    /**
     * 需要保證多個線程使用的是同一個ReentrantLock對象
     * @return
     */
    public void modifyResources(String threadName){
        System.out.println("通知《管理員》線程:--->"+threadName+"准備打水");
        //默認創建的是獨占鎖，排它鎖；同一時刻讀或者寫只允許一個線程獲取鎖
        lock.lock();
            System.out.println("線程:--->"+threadName+"第一次加鎖");
            counter++;
            System.out.println("線程:"+threadName+"打第"+counter+"桶水");
            //重入該鎖,我還有一件事情要做,沒做完之前不能把鎖資源讓出去
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("線程:--->"+threadName+"第二次加鎖");
            counter++;
            System.out.println("線程:"+threadName+"打第"+counter+"桶水");
            lock.unlock();
            System.out.println("線程:"+threadName+"釋放一個鎖");
        lock.unlock();
        System.out.println("線程:"+threadName+"釋放一個鎖");
    }


    public static void main(String[] args){
        LockTemplete tp = new LockTemplete();

        new Thread(()->{
            String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
            tp.modifyResources(threadName);
        },"Thread A").start();

        new Thread(()->{
            String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
            tp.modifyResources(threadName);
        },"Thread B").start();
    }

}

源碼解析及中文解析：

ReentrantLock.java

package com.it.edu.aqs;
/*
 * ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 */

/*
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 * Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
 * Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
 * http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
 */

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;

/**
 * A reentrant mutual exclusion {@link Lock} with the same basic
 * behavior and semantics as the implicit monitor lock accessed using
 * {@code synchronized} methods and statements, but with extended
 * capabilities.
 *
 * <p>A {@code ReentrantLock} is <em>owned</em> by the thread last
 * successfully locking, but not yet unlocking it. A thread invoking
 * {@code lock} will return, successfully acquiring the lock, when
 * the lock is not owned by another thread. The method will return
 * immediately if the current thread already owns the lock. This can
 * be checked using methods {@link #isHeldByCurrentThread}, and {@link
 * #getHoldCount}.
 *
 * <p>The constructor for this class accepts an optional
 * <em>fairness</em> parameter.  When set {@code true}, under
 * contention, locks favor granting access to the longest-waiting
 * thread.  Otherwise this lock does not guarantee any particular
 * access order.  Programs using fair locks accessed by many threads
 * may display lower overall throughput (i.e., are slower; often much
 * slower) than those using the default setting, but have smaller
 * variances in times to obtain locks and guarantee lack of
 * starvation. Note however, that fairness of locks does not guarantee
 * fairness of thread scheduling. Thus, one of many threads using a
 * fair lock may obtain it multiple times in succession while other
 * active threads are not progressing and not currently holding the
 * lock.
 * Also note that the untimed {@link #tryLock()} method does not
 * honor the fairness setting. It will succeed if the lock
 * is available even if other threads are waiting.
 *
 * <p>It is recommended practice to <em>always</em> immediately
 * follow a call to {@code lock} with a {@code try} block, most
 * typically in a before/after construction such as:
 *
 *  <pre> {@code
 * class X {
 *   private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
 *   // ...
 *
 *   public void m() {
 *     lock.lock();  // block until condition holds
 *     try {
 *       // ... method body
 *     } finally {
 *       lock.unlock()
 *     }
 *   }
 * }}</pre>
 *
 * <p>In addition to implementing the {@link Lock} interface, this
 * class defines a number of {@code public} and {@code protected}
 * methods for inspecting the state of the lock.  Some of these
 * methods are only useful for instrumentation and monitoring.
 *
 * <p>Serialization of this class behaves in the same way as built-in
 * locks: a deserialized lock is in the unlocked state, regardless of
 * its state when serialized.
 *
 * <p>This lock supports a maximum of 2147483647 recursive locks by
 * the same thread. Attempts to exceed this limit result in
 * {@link Error} throws from locking methods.
 *
 * @since 1.5
 * @author Doug Lea
 */
public class ReentrantLock implements Lock, java.io.Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 7373984872572414699L;
    /**
     * 內部調用AQS的動作，都基於該成員屬性實現
     */
    private final Sync sync;

    /**
     * ReentrantLock鎖同步操作的基礎類Sync,繼承自AQS框架.
     * 該類有兩個繼承類，1、NonfairSync 非公平鎖，2、FairSync公平鎖
     */
        abstract static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -5179523762034025860L;

        /**
         * 加鎖的具體行為由子類實現
         */
        abstract void lock();

        /**
         * 嘗試獲取非公平鎖
         */
        final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) {
            //acquires = 1
            final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            /**
             * 不需要判斷同步隊列（CLH）中是否有排隊等待線程
             * 判斷state狀態是否為0，不為0可以加鎖
             */
            if (c == 0) {
                //unsafe操作，cas修改state狀態
                if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
                    //獨占狀態鎖持有者指向當前線程
                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            /**
             * state狀態不為0，判斷鎖持有者是否是當前線程，
             * 如果是當前線程持有 則state+1
             */
            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
                int nextc = c + acquires;
                if (nextc < 0) // overflow
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                setState(nextc);
                return true;
            }
            //加鎖失敗
            return false;
        }

        /**
         * 釋放鎖
         */
        protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
            int c = getState() - releases;
            if (Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            boolean free = false;
            if (c == 0) {
                free = true;
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
            }
            setState(c);
            return free;
        }

        /**
         * 判斷持有獨占鎖的線程是否是當前線程
         */
        protected final boolean isHeldExclusively() {
            return getExclusiveOwnerThread() == Thread.currentThread();
        }

        //返回條件對象
        final ConditionObject newCondition() {
            return new ConditionObject();
        }


        final Thread getOwner() {
            return getState() == 0 ? null : getExclusiveOwnerThread();
        }

        final int getHoldCount() {
            return isHeldExclusively() ? getState() : 0;
        }

        final boolean isLocked() {
            return getState() != 0;
        }

        /**
         * Reconstitutes the instance from a stream (that is, deserializes it).
         */
        private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
                throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
            s.defaultReadObject();
            setState(0); // reset to unlocked state
        }
    }

    /**
     * 非公平鎖
     */
    static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7316153563782823691L;
        /**
         * 加鎖行為
         */
        final void lock() {
            /**
             * 第一步：直接嘗試加鎖
             * 與公平鎖實現的加鎖行為一個最大的區別在於，此處不會去判斷同步隊列(CLH隊列)中
             * 是否有排隊等待加鎖的節點，上來直接加鎖（判斷state是否為0,CAS修改state為1）
             * ，並將獨占鎖持有者 exclusiveOwnerThread 屬性指向當前線程
             * 如果當前有人占用鎖，再嘗試去加一次鎖
             */
            if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
            else
                //AQS定義的方法,加鎖
                acquire(1);
        }

        /**
         * 父類AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.acquire()中調用本方法
         */
        protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
            return nonfairTryAcquire(acquires);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 公平鎖
     */
    static final class FairSync extends Sync {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -3000897897090466540L;

        final void lock() {
            acquire(1);
        }

        /**
         * 重寫aqs中的方法邏輯
         * 嘗試加鎖，被AQS的acquire()方法調用
         */
        protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
            final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            if (c == 0) {
                /**
                 * 與非公平鎖中的區別，需要先判斷隊列當中是否有等待的節點
                 * 如果沒有則可以嘗試CAS獲取鎖
                 */
                if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() &&
                        compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
                    //獨占線程指向當前線程
                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
                int nextc = c + acquires;
                if (nextc < 0)
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                setState(nextc);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 默認構造函數，創建非公平鎖對象
     */
    public ReentrantLock() {
        sync = new NonfairSync();
    }

    /**
     * 根據要求創建公平鎖或非公平鎖
     */
    public ReentrantLock(boolean fair) {
        sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
    }

    /**
     * 加鎖
     */
    public void lock() {
        sync.lock();
    }

    /**
     * 嘗試獲去取鎖，獲取失敗被阻塞，線程被中斷直接拋出異常
     */
    public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
        sync.acquireInterruptibly(1);
    }

    /**
     * 嘗試加鎖
     */
    public boolean tryLock() {
        return sync.nonfairTryAcquire(1);
    }

    /**
     * 指定等待時間內嘗試加鎖
     */
    public boolean tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
            throws InterruptedException {
        return sync.tryAcquireNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
    }

    /**
     * 嘗試去釋放鎖
     */
    public void unlock() {
        sync.release(1);
    }

    /**
     * 返回條件對象
     */
    public Condition newCondition() {
        return sync.newCondition();
    }

    /**
     * 返回當前線程持有的state狀態數量
     */
    public int getHoldCount() {
        return sync.getHoldCount();
    }

    /**
     * 查詢當前線程是否持有鎖
     */
    public boolean isHeldByCurrentThread() {
        return sync.isHeldExclusively();
    }

    /**
     * 狀態表示是否被Thread加鎖持有
     */
    public boolean isLocked() {
        return sync.isLocked();
    }

    /**
     * 是否公平鎖？是返回true 否則返回 false
     */
    public final boolean isFair() {
        return sync instanceof FairSync;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the thread that currently owns this lock, or
     * {@code null} if not owned. When this method is called by a
     * thread that is not the owner, the return value reflects a
     * best-effort approximation of current lock status. For example,
     * the owner may be momentarily {@code null} even if there are
     * threads trying to acquire the lock but have not yet done so.
     * This method is designed to facilitate construction of
     * subclasses that provide more extensive lock monitoring
     * facilities.
     *
     * @return the owner, or {@code null} if not owned
     */
    protected Thread getOwner() {
        return sync.getOwner();
    }

    /**
     * 判斷隊列當中是否有在等待獲取鎖的Thread節點
     */
    public final boolean hasQueuedThreads() {
        return sync.hasQueuedThreads();
    }

    /**
     * 當前線程是否在同步隊列中等待
     */
    public final boolean hasQueuedThread(Thread thread) {
        return sync.isQueued(thread);
    }

    /**
     * Returns an estimate of the number of threads waiting to
     * acquire this lock.  The value is only an estimate because the number of
     * threads may change dynamically while this method traverses
     * internal data structures.  This method is designed for use in
     * monitoring of the system state, not for synchronization
     * control.
     *
     * @return the estimated number of threads waiting for this lock
     */
    public final int getQueueLength() {
        return sync.getQueueLength();
    }

    /**
     * 返回Thread集合，排隊中的所有節點Thread會被返回
     */
    protected Collection<Thread> getQueuedThreads() {
        return sync.getQueuedThreads();
    }

    /**
     * 條件隊列當中是否有正在等待的節點
     */
    public boolean hasWaiters(Condition condition) {
        if (condition == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (!(condition instanceof AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("not owner");
        return sync.hasWaiters((AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject)condition);
    }

    /**
     * Returns an estimate of the number of threads waiting on the
     * given condition associated with this lock. Note that because
     * timeouts and interrupts may occur at any time, the estimate
     * serves only as an upper bound on the actual number of waiters.
     * This method is designed for use in monitoring of the system
     * state, not for synchronization control.
     *
     * @param condition the condition
     * @return the estimated number of waiting threads
     * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if this lock is not held
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given condition is
     *         not associated with this lock
     * @throws NullPointerException if the condition is null
     */
    public int getWaitQueueLength(Condition condition) {
        if (condition == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (!(condition instanceof AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("not owner");
        return sync.getWaitQueueLength((AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject)condition);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a collection containing those threads that may be
     * waiting on the given condition associated with this lock.
     * Because the actual set of threads may change dynamically while
     * constructing this result, the returned collection is only a
     * best-effort estimate. The elements of the returned collection
     * are in no particular order.  This method is designed to
     * facilitate construction of subclasses that provide more
     * extensive condition monitoring facilities.
     *
     * @param condition the condition
     * @return the collection of threads
     * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if this lock is not held
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given condition is
     *         not associated with this lock
     * @throws NullPointerException if the condition is null
     */
    protected Collection<Thread> getWaitingThreads(Condition condition) {
        if (condition == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (!(condition instanceof AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("not owner");
        return sync.getWaitingThreads((AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject)condition);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock state.
     * The state, in brackets, includes either the String {@code "Unlocked"}
     * or the String {@code "Locked by"} followed by the
     * {@linkplain Thread#getName name} of the owning thread.
     *
     * @return a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock state
     */
    public String toString() {
        Thread o = sync.getOwner();
        return super.toString() + ((o == null) ?
                "[Unlocked]" :
                "[Locked by thread " + o.getName() + "]");
    }
}

View Code

ReentrantReadWriteLock.java

/*
 * ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 */

/*
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 * Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
 * Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
 * http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
 */
package com.it.edu.aqs;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;

/**
 * An implementation of {@link ReadWriteLock} supporting similar
 * semantics to {@link ReentrantLock}.
 * <p>This class has the following properties:
 *
 * <ul>
 * <li><b>Acquisition order</b>
 *
 * <p>This class does not impose a reader or writer preference
 * ordering for lock access.  However, it does support an optional
 * <em>fairness</em> policy.
 *
 * <dl>
 * <dt><b><i>Non-fair mode (default)</i></b>
 * <dd>When constructed as non-fair (the default), the order of entry
 * to the read and write lock is unspecified, subject to reentrancy
 * constraints.  A nonfair lock that is continuously contended may
 * indefinitely postpone one or more reader or writer threads, but
 * will normally have higher throughput than a fair lock.
 *
 * <dt><b><i>Fair mode</i></b>
 * <dd>When constructed as fair, threads contend for entry using an
 * approximately arrival-order policy. When the currently held lock
 * is released, either the longest-waiting single writer thread will
 * be assigned the write lock, or if there is a group of reader threads
 * waiting longer than all waiting writer threads, that group will be
 * assigned the read lock.
 *
 * <p>A thread that tries to acquire a fair read lock (non-reentrantly)
 * will block if either the write lock is held, or there is a waiting
 * writer thread. The thread will not acquire the read lock until
 * after the oldest currently waiting writer thread has acquired and
 * released the write lock. Of course, if a waiting writer abandons
 * its wait, leaving one or more reader threads as the longest waiters
 * in the queue with the write lock free, then those readers will be
 * assigned the read lock.
 *
 * <p>A thread that tries to acquire a fair write lock (non-reentrantly)
 * will block unless both the read lock and write lock are free (which
 * implies there are no waiting threads).  (Note that the non-blocking
 * {@link ReadLock#tryLock()} and {@link WriteLock#tryLock()} methods
 * do not honor this fair setting and will immediately acquire the lock
 * if it is possible, regardless of waiting threads.)
 * <p>
 * </dl>
 *
 * <li><b>Reentrancy</b>
 *
 * <p>This lock allows both readers and writers to reacquire read or
 * write locks in the style of a {@link ReentrantLock}. Non-reentrant
 * readers are not allowed until all write locks held by the writing
 * thread have been released.
 *
 * <p>Additionally, a writer can acquire the read lock, but not
 * vice-versa.  Among other applications, reentrancy can be useful
 * when write locks are held during calls or callbacks to methods that
 * perform reads under read locks.  If a reader tries to acquire the
 * write lock it will never succeed.
 *
 * <li><b>Lock downgrading</b>
 * <p>Reentrancy also allows downgrading from the write lock to a read lock,
 * by acquiring the write lock, then the read lock and then releasing the
 * write lock. However, upgrading from a read lock to the write lock is
 * <b>not</b> possible.
 *
 * <li><b>Interruption of lock acquisition</b>
 * <p>The read lock and write lock both support interruption during lock
 * acquisition.
 *
 * <li><b>{@link Condition} support</b>
 * <p>The write lock provides a {@link Condition} implementation that
 * behaves in the same way, with respect to the write lock, as the
 * {@link Condition} implementation provided by
 * {@link ReentrantLock#newCondition} does for {@link ReentrantLock}.
 * This {@link Condition} can, of course, only be used with the write lock.
 *
 * <p>The read lock does not support a {@link Condition} and
 * {@code readLock().newCondition()} throws
 * {@code UnsupportedOperationException}.
 *
 * <li><b>Instrumentation</b>
 * <p>This class supports methods to determine whether locks
 * are held or contended. These methods are designed for monitoring
 * system state, not for synchronization control.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>Serialization of this class behaves in the same way as built-in
 * locks: a deserialized lock is in the unlocked state, regardless of
 * its state when serialized.
 *
 * <p><b>Sample usages</b>. Here is a code sketch showing how to perform
 * lock downgrading after updating a cache (exception handling is
 * particularly tricky when handling multiple locks in a non-nested
 * fashion):
 *
 * <pre> {@code
 * class CachedData {
 *   Object data;
 *   volatile boolean cacheValid;
 *   final ReentrantReadWriteLock rwl = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
 *
 *   void processCachedData() {
 *     rwl.readLock().lock();
 *     if (!cacheValid) {
 *       // Must release read lock before acquiring write lock
 *       rwl.readLock().unlock();
 *       rwl.writeLock().lock();
 *       try {
 *         // Recheck state because another thread might have
 *         // acquired write lock and changed state before we did.
 *         if (!cacheValid) {
 *           data = ...
 *           cacheValid = true;
 *         }
 *         // Downgrade by acquiring read lock before releasing write lock
 *         rwl.readLock().lock();
 *       } finally {
 *         rwl.writeLock().unlock(); // Unlock write, still hold read
 *       }
 *     }
 *
 *     try {
 *       use(data);
 *     } finally {
 *       rwl.readLock().unlock();
 *     }
 *   }
 * }}</pre>
 *
 * ReentrantReadWriteLocks can be used to improve concurrency in some
 * uses of some kinds of Collections. This is typically worthwhile
 * only when the collections are expected to be large, accessed by
 * more reader threads than writer threads, and entail operations with
 * overhead that outweighs synchronization overhead. For example, here
 * is a class using a TreeMap that is expected to be large and
 * concurrently accessed.
 *
 *  <pre> {@code
 * class RWDictionary {
 *   private final Map<String, Data> m = new TreeMap<String, Data>();
 *   private final ReentrantReadWriteLock rwl = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
 *   private final Lock r = rwl.readLock();
 *   private final Lock w = rwl.writeLock();
 *
 *   public Data get(String key) {
 *     r.lock();
 *     try { return m.get(key); }
 *     finally { r.unlock(); }
 *   }
 *   public String[] allKeys() {
 *     r.lock();
 *     try { return m.keySet().toArray(); }
 *     finally { r.unlock(); }
 *   }
 *   public Data put(String key, Data value) {
 *     w.lock();
 *     try { return m.put(key, value); }
 *     finally { w.unlock(); }
 *   }
 *   public void clear() {
 *     w.lock();
 *     try { m.clear(); }
 *     finally { w.unlock(); }
 *   }
 * }}</pre>
 *
 * <h3>Implementation Notes</h3>
 *
 * <p>This lock supports a maximum of 65535 recursive write locks
 * and 65535 read locks. Attempts to exceed these limits result in
 * {@link Error} throws from locking methods.
 *
 * @since 1.5
 * @author Doug Lea
 */
public class ReentrantReadWriteLock
        implements ReadWriteLock, java.io.Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -6992448646407690164L;
    /** Inner class providing readlock */
    private final ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock readerLock;
    /** Inner class providing writelock */
    private final ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock writerLock;
    /** Performs all synchronization mechanics */
    final Sync sync;

    /**
     * Creates a new {@code ReentrantReadWriteLock} with
     * default (nonfair) ordering properties.
     */
    public ReentrantReadWriteLock() {
        this(false);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new {@code ReentrantReadWriteLock} with
     * the given fairness policy.
     *
     * @param fair {@code true} if this lock should use a fair ordering policy
     */
    public ReentrantReadWriteLock(boolean fair) {
        sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
        readerLock = new ReadLock(this);
        writerLock = new WriteLock(this);
    }

    public ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock writeLock() { return writerLock; }
    public ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock  readLock()  { return readerLock; }

    /**
     * Synchronization implementation for ReentrantReadWriteLock.
     * Subclassed into fair and nonfair versions.
     */
    abstract static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 6317671515068378041L;

        /*
         * Read vs write count extraction constants and functions.
         * Lock state is logically divided into two unsigned shorts:
         * The lower one representing the exclusive (writer) lock hold count,
         * and the upper the shared (reader) hold count.
         */

        static final int SHARED_SHIFT   = 16;
        static final int SHARED_UNIT    = (1 << SHARED_SHIFT);
        static final int MAX_COUNT      = (1 << SHARED_SHIFT) - 1;
        static final int EXCLUSIVE_MASK = (1 << SHARED_SHIFT) - 1;

        /** Returns the number of shared holds represented in count  */
        static int sharedCount(int c)    { return c >>> SHARED_SHIFT; }
        /** Returns the number of exclusive holds represented in count  */
        static int exclusiveCount(int c) { return c & EXCLUSIVE_MASK; }

        /**
         * A counter for per-thread read hold counts.
         * Maintained as a ThreadLocal; cached in cachedHoldCounter
         */
        static final class HoldCounter {
            int count = 0;
            // Use id, not reference, to avoid garbage retention
            final long tid = getThreadId(Thread.currentThread());
        }

        /**
         * ThreadLocal subclass. Easiest to explicitly define for sake
         * of deserialization mechanics.
         */
        static final class ThreadLocalHoldCounter
                extends ThreadLocal<HoldCounter> {
            public HoldCounter initialValue() {
                return new HoldCounter();
            }
        }

        /**
         * The number of reentrant read locks held by current thread.
         * Initialized only in constructor and readObject.
         * Removed whenever a thread's read hold count drops to 0.
         */
        private transient ThreadLocalHoldCounter readHolds;

        /**
         * The hold count of the last thread to successfully acquire
         * readLock. This saves ThreadLocal lookup in the common case
         * where the next thread to release is the last one to
         * acquire. This is non-volatile since it is just used
         * as a heuristic, and would be great for threads to cache.
         *
         * <p>Can outlive the Thread for which it is caching the read
         * hold count, but avoids garbage retention by not retaining a
         * reference to the Thread.
         *
         * <p>Accessed via a benign data race; relies on the memory
         * model's final field and out-of-thin-air guarantees.
         */
        private transient HoldCounter cachedHoldCounter;

        /**
         * firstReader is the first thread to have acquired the read lock.
         * firstReaderHoldCount is firstReader's hold count.
         *
         * <p>More precisely, firstReader is the unique thread that last
         * changed the shared count from 0 to 1, and has not released the
         * read lock since then; null if there is no such thread.
         *
         * <p>Cannot cause garbage retention unless the thread terminated
         * without relinquishing its read locks, since tryReleaseShared
         * sets it to null.
         *
         * <p>Accessed via a benign data race; relies on the memory
         * model's out-of-thin-air guarantees for references.
         *
         * <p>This allows tracking of read holds for uncontended read
         * locks to be very cheap.
         */
        private transient Thread firstReader = null;
        private transient int firstReaderHoldCount;

        Sync() {
            readHolds = new ThreadLocalHoldCounter();
            setState(getState()); // ensures visibility of readHolds
        }

        /*
         * Acquires and releases use the same code for fair and
         * nonfair locks, but differ in whether/how they allow barging
         * when queues are non-empty.
         */

        /**
         * Returns true if the current thread, when trying to acquire
         * the read lock, and otherwise eligible to do so, should block
         * because of policy for overtaking other waiting threads.
         */
        abstract boolean readerShouldBlock();

        /**
         * Returns true if the current thread, when trying to acquire
         * the write lock, and otherwise eligible to do so, should block
         * because of policy for overtaking other waiting threads.
         */
        abstract boolean writerShouldBlock();

        /*
         * Note that tryRelease and tryAcquire can be called by
         * Conditions. So it is possible that their arguments contain
         * both read and write holds that are all released during a
         * condition wait and re-established in tryAcquire.
         */

        protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
            if (!isHeldExclusively())
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            int nextc = getState() - releases;
            boolean free = exclusiveCount(nextc) == 0;
            if (free)
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
            setState(nextc);
            return free;
        }

        protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
            /*
             * Walkthrough:
             * 1. If read count nonzero or write count nonzero
             *    and owner is a different thread, fail.
             * 2. If count would saturate, fail. (This can only
             *    happen if count is already nonzero.)
             * 3. Otherwise, this thread is eligible for lock if
             *    it is either a reentrant acquire or
             *    queue policy allows it. If so, update state
             *    and set owner.
             */
            Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            int w = exclusiveCount(c);
            if (c != 0) {
                // (Note: if c != 0 and w == 0 then shared count != 0)
                if (w == 0 || current != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
                    return false;
                if (w + exclusiveCount(acquires) > MAX_COUNT)
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                // Reentrant acquire
                setState(c + acquires);
                return true;
            }
            if (writerShouldBlock() ||
                    !compareAndSetState(c, c + acquires))
                return false;
            setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
            return true;
        }

        /**
         * 重寫aqs當中業務邏輯
         * @param unused
         * @return
         */
        protected final boolean tryReleaseShared(int unused) {
            Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            if (firstReader == current) {
                // assert firstReaderHoldCount > 0;
                if (firstReaderHoldCount == 1)
                    firstReader = null;
                else
                    firstReaderHoldCount--;
            } else {
                HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
                if (rh == null || rh.tid != getThreadId(current))
                    rh = readHolds.get();
                int count = rh.count;
                if (count <= 1) {
                    readHolds.remove();
                    if (count <= 0)
                        throw unmatchedUnlockException();
                }
                --rh.count;
            }
            for (;;) {
                int c = getState();
                int nextc = c - SHARED_UNIT;
                if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc))
                    // Releasing the read lock has no effect on readers,
                    // but it may allow waiting writers to proceed if
                    // both read and write locks are now free.
                    return nextc == 0;
            }
        }

        private IllegalMonitorStateException unmatchedUnlockException() {
            return new IllegalMonitorStateException(
                    "attempt to unlock read lock, not locked by current thread");
        }

        /**
         * 嘗試加共享鎖
         */
        protected final int tryAcquireShared(int unused) {
            Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            /**
             * 如果state狀態當前被加獨占寫鎖，則返回加共享鎖失敗
             */
            if (exclusiveCount(c) != 0 &&
                    getExclusiveOwnerThread() != current)
                return -1;
            int r = sharedCount(c); //讀鎖數量
            if (!readerShouldBlock() && //讀鎖是否應該阻塞
                    r < MAX_COUNT &&
                    compareAndSetState(c, c + SHARED_UNIT)) {
                if (r == 0) { //第一次加讀鎖
                    firstReader = current;
                    firstReaderHoldCount = 1;//第一個讀鎖Thread持有鎖數量
                } else if (firstReader == current) {
                    firstReaderHoldCount++; //當前Thread是加鎖，讀鎖數量加1
                } else {
                    HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
                    if (rh == null || rh.tid != getThreadId(current))
                        //每一個加鎖的thread對應一個HoldCounter
                        cachedHoldCounter = rh = readHolds.get();//從threadLocal中取出變量
                    else if (rh.count == 0)
                        readHolds.set(rh);
                    rh.count++;//
                }
                return 1;
            }
            return fullTryAcquireShared(current);
        }

        /**
         * Full version of acquire for reads, that handles CAS misses
         * and reentrant reads not dealt with in tryAcquireShared.
         */
        final int fullTryAcquireShared(Thread current) {
            /*
             * This code is in part redundant with that in
             * tryAcquireShared but is simpler overall by not
             * complicating tryAcquireShared with interactions between
             * retries and lazily reading hold counts.
             */
            HoldCounter rh = null;
            for (;;) {
                int c = getState();
                if (exclusiveCount(c) != 0) {
                    if (getExclusiveOwnerThread() != current)
                        return -1;
                    // else we hold the exclusive lock; blocking here
                    // would cause deadlock.
                } else if (readerShouldBlock()) {
                    // Make sure we're not acquiring read lock reentrantly
                    if (firstReader == current) {
                        // assert firstReaderHoldCount > 0;
                    } else {
                        if (rh == null) {
                            rh = cachedHoldCounter;
                            if (rh == null || rh.tid != getThreadId(current)) {
                                rh = readHolds.get();
                                if (rh.count == 0)
                                    readHolds.remove();
                            }
                        }
                        if (rh.count == 0)
                            return -1;
                    }
                }
                if (sharedCount(c) == MAX_COUNT)
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                if (compareAndSetState(c, c + SHARED_UNIT)) {
                    if (sharedCount(c) == 0) {
                        firstReader = current;
                        firstReaderHoldCount = 1;
                    } else if (firstReader == current) {
                        firstReaderHoldCount++;
                    } else {
                        if (rh == null)
                            rh = cachedHoldCounter;
                        if (rh == null || rh.tid != getThreadId(current))
                            rh = readHolds.get();
                        else if (rh.count == 0)
                            readHolds.set(rh);
                        rh.count++;
                        cachedHoldCounter = rh; // cache for release
                    }
                    return 1;
                }
            }
        }

        /**
         * Performs tryLock for write, enabling barging in both modes.
         * This is identical in effect to tryAcquire except for lack
         * of calls to writerShouldBlock.
         */
        final boolean tryWriteLock() {
            Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            if (c != 0) {
                int w = exclusiveCount(c);
                if (w == 0 || current != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
                    return false;
                if (w == MAX_COUNT)
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
            }
            if (!compareAndSetState(c, c + 1))
                return false;
            setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
            return true;
        }

        /**
         * Performs tryLock for read, enabling barging in both modes.
         * This is identical in effect to tryAcquireShared except for
         * lack of calls to readerShouldBlock.
         */
        final boolean tryReadLock() {
            Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            for (;;) {
                int c = getState();
                if (exclusiveCount(c) != 0 &&
                        getExclusiveOwnerThread() != current)
                    return false;
                int r = sharedCount(c);
                if (r == MAX_COUNT)
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                if (compareAndSetState(c, c + SHARED_UNIT)) {
                    if (r == 0) {
                        firstReader = current;
                        firstReaderHoldCount = 1;
                    } else if (firstReader == current) {
                        firstReaderHoldCount++;
                    } else {
                        HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
                        if (rh == null || rh.tid != getThreadId(current))
                            cachedHoldCounter = rh = readHolds.get();
                        else if (rh.count == 0)
                            readHolds.set(rh);
                        rh.count++;
                    }
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }

        protected final boolean isHeldExclusively() {
            // While we must in general read state before owner,
            // we don't need to do so to check if current thread is owner
            return getExclusiveOwnerThread() == Thread.currentThread();
        }

        // Methods relayed to outer class

        final ConditionObject newCondition() {
            return new ConditionObject();
        }

        final Thread getOwner() {
            // Must read state before owner to ensure memory consistency
            return ((exclusiveCount(getState()) == 0) ?
                    null :
                    getExclusiveOwnerThread());
        }

        final int getReadLockCount() {
            return sharedCount(getState());
        }

        final boolean isWriteLocked() {
            return exclusiveCount(getState()) != 0;
        }

        final int getWriteHoldCount() {
            return isHeldExclusively() ? exclusiveCount(getState()) : 0;
        }

        final int getReadHoldCount() {
            if (getReadLockCount() == 0)
                return 0;

            Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            if (firstReader == current)
                return firstReaderHoldCount;

            HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
            if (rh != null && rh.tid == getThreadId(current))
                return rh.count;

            int count = readHolds.get().count;
            if (count == 0) readHolds.remove();
            return count;
        }

        /**
         * Reconstitutes the instance from a stream (that is, deserializes it).
         */
        private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
                throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
            s.defaultReadObject();
            readHolds = new ThreadLocalHoldCounter();
            setState(0); // reset to unlocked state
        }

        final int getCount() { return getState(); }
    }

    /**
     * Nonfair version of Sync
     */
    static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -8159625535654395037L;
        final boolean writerShouldBlock() {
            return false; // writers can always barge
        }
        final boolean readerShouldBlock() {
            /* As a heuristic to avoid indefinite writer starvation,
             * block if the thread that momentarily appears to be head
             * of queue, if one exists, is a waiting writer.  This is
             * only a probabilistic effect since a new reader will not
             * block if there is a waiting writer behind other enabled
             * readers that have not yet drained from the queue.
             */
            return apparentlyFirstQueuedIsExclusive();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Fair version of Sync
     */
    static final class FairSync extends Sync {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -2274990926593161451L;
        final boolean writerShouldBlock() {
            return hasQueuedPredecessors();
        }
        final boolean readerShouldBlock() {
            return hasQueuedPredecessors();
        }
    }

    /**
     * The lock returned by method {@link ReentrantReadWriteLock#readLock}.
     */
    public static class ReadLock implements Lock, java.io.Serializable {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -5992448646407690164L;
        private final Sync sync;

        /**
         * Constructor for use by subclasses
         *
         * @param lock the outer lock object
         * @throws NullPointerException if the lock is null
         */
        protected ReadLock(ReentrantReadWriteLock lock) {
            sync = lock.sync;
        }

        /**
         * Acquires the read lock.
         *
         * <p>Acquires the read lock if the write lock is not held by
         * another thread and returns immediately.
         *
         * <p>If the write lock is held by another thread then
         * the current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling
         * purposes and lies dormant until the read lock has been acquired.
         */
        public void lock() {
            sync.acquireShared(1);
        }

        /**
         * Acquires the read lock unless the current thread is
         * {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted}.
         *
         * <p>Acquires the read lock if the write lock is not held
         * by another thread and returns immediately.
         *
         * <p>If the write lock is held by another thread then the
         * current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling
         * purposes and lies dormant until one of two things happens:
         *
         * <ul>
         *
         * <li>The read lock is acquired by the current thread; or
         *
         * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
         * the current thread.
         *
         * </ul>
         *
         * <p>If the current thread:
         *
         * <ul>
         *
         * <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method; or
         *
         * <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while
         * acquiring the read lock,
         *
         * </ul>
         *
         * then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the current
         * thread's interrupted status is cleared.
         *
         * <p>In this implementation, as this method is an explicit
         * interruption point, preference is given to responding to
         * the interrupt over normal or reentrant acquisition of the
         * lock.
         *
         * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
         */
        public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
            sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1);
        }

        /**
         * Acquires the read lock only if the write lock is not held by
         * another thread at the time of invocation.
         *
         * <p>Acquires the read lock if the write lock is not held by
         * another thread and returns immediately with the value
         * {@code true}. Even when this lock has been set to use a
         * fair ordering policy, a call to {@code tryLock()}
         * <em>will</em> immediately acquire the read lock if it is
         * available, whether or not other threads are currently
         * waiting for the read lock.  This &quot;barging&quot; behavior
         * can be useful in certain circumstances, even though it
         * breaks fairness. If you want to honor the fairness setting
         * for this lock, then use {@link #tryLock(long, TimeUnit)
         * tryLock(0, TimeUnit.SECONDS) } which is almost equivalent
         * (it also detects interruption).
         *
         * <p>If the write lock is held by another thread then
         * this method will return immediately with the value
         * {@code false}.
         *
         * @return {@code true} if the read lock was acquired
         */
        public boolean tryLock() {
            return sync.tryReadLock();
        }

        /**
         * Acquires the read lock if the write lock is not held by
         * another thread within the given waiting time and the
         * current thread has not been {@linkplain Thread#interrupt
         * interrupted}.
         *
         * <p>Acquires the read lock if the write lock is not held by
         * another thread and returns immediately with the value
         * {@code true}. If this lock has been set to use a fair
         * ordering policy then an available lock <em>will not</em> be
         * acquired if any other threads are waiting for the
         * lock. This is in contrast to the {@link #tryLock()}
         * method. If you want a timed {@code tryLock} that does
         * permit barging on a fair lock then combine the timed and
         * un-timed forms together:
         *
         *  <pre> {@code
         * if (lock.tryLock() ||
         *     lock.tryLock(timeout, unit)) {
         *   ...
         * }}</pre>
         *
         * <p>If the write lock is held by another thread then the
         * current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling
         * purposes and lies dormant until one of three things happens:
         *
         * <ul>
         *
         * <li>The read lock is acquired by the current thread; or
         *
         * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
         * the current thread; or
         *
         * <li>The specified waiting time elapses.
         *
         * </ul>
         *
         * <p>If the read lock is acquired then the value {@code true} is
         * returned.
         *
         * <p>If the current thread:
         *
         * <ul>
         *
         * <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method; or
         *
         * <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while
         * acquiring the read lock,
         *
         * </ul> then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the
         * current thread's interrupted status is cleared.
         *
         * <p>If the specified waiting time elapses then the value
         * {@code false} is returned.  If the time is less than or
         * equal to zero, the method will not wait at all.
         *
         * <p>In this implementation, as this method is an explicit
         * interruption point, preference is given to responding to
         * the interrupt over normal or reentrant acquisition of the
         * lock, and over reporting the elapse of the waiting time.
         *
         * @param timeout the time to wait for the read lock
         * @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
         * @return {@code true} if the read lock was acquired
         * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
         * @throws NullPointerException if the time unit is null
         */
        public boolean tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
                throws InterruptedException {
            return sync.tryAcquireSharedNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
        }

        /**
         * Attempts to release this lock.
         *
         * <p>If the number of readers is now zero then the lock
         * is made available for write lock attempts.
         */
        public void unlock() {
            sync.releaseShared(1);
        }

        /**
         * Throws {@code UnsupportedOperationException} because
         * {@code ReadLocks} do not support conditions.
         *
         * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always
         */
        public Condition newCondition() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        /**
         * Returns a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock state.
         * The state, in brackets, includes the String {@code "Read locks ="}
         * followed by the number of held read locks.
         *
         * @return a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock state
         */
        public String toString() {
            int r = sync.getReadLockCount();
            return super.toString() +
                    "[Read locks = " + r + "]";
        }
    }

    /**
     * The lock returned by method {@link ReentrantReadWriteLock#writeLock}.
     */
    public static class WriteLock implements Lock, java.io.Serializable {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -4992448646407690164L;
        private final Sync sync;

        /**
         * Constructor for use by subclasses
         *
         * @param lock the outer lock object
         * @throws NullPointerException if the lock is null
         */
        protected WriteLock(ReentrantReadWriteLock lock) {
            sync = lock.sync;
        }

        /**
         * Acquires the write lock.
         *
         * <p>Acquires the write lock if neither the read nor write lock
         * are held by another thread
         * and returns immediately, setting the write lock hold count to
         * one.
         *
         * <p>If the current thread already holds the write lock then the
         * hold count is incremented by one and the method returns
         * immediately.
         *
         * <p>If the lock is held by another thread then the current
         * thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling purposes and
         * lies dormant until the write lock has been acquired, at which
         * time the write lock hold count is set to one.
         */
        public void lock() {
            sync.acquire(1);
        }

        /**
         * Acquires the write lock unless the current thread is
         * {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted}.
         *
         * <p>Acquires the write lock if neither the read nor write lock
         * are held by another thread
         * and returns immediately, setting the write lock hold count to
         * one.
         *
         * <p>If the current thread already holds this lock then the
         * hold count is incremented by one and the method returns
         * immediately.
         *
         * <p>If the lock is held by another thread then the current
         * thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling purposes and
         * lies dormant until one of two things happens:
         *
         * <ul>
         *
         * <li>The write lock is acquired by the current thread; or
         *
         * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
         * the current thread.
         *
         * </ul>
         *
         * <p>If the write lock is acquired by the current thread then the
         * lock hold count is set to one.
         *
         * <p>If the current thread:
         *
         * <ul>
         *
         * <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method;
         * or
         *
         * <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while
         * acquiring the write lock,
         *
         * </ul>
         *
         * then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the current
         * thread's interrupted status is cleared.
         *
         * <p>In this implementation, as this method is an explicit
         * interruption point, preference is given to responding to
         * the interrupt over normal or reentrant acquisition of the
         * lock.
         *
         * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
         */
        public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
            sync.acquireInterruptibly(1);
        }

        /**
         * Acquires the write lock only if it is not held by another thread
         * at the time of invocation.
         *
         * <p>Acquires the write lock if neither the read nor write lock
         * are held by another thread
         * and returns immediately with the value {@code true},
         * setting the write lock hold count to one. Even when this lock has
         * been set to use a fair ordering policy, a call to
         * {@code tryLock()} <em>will</em> immediately acquire the
         * lock if it is available, whether or not other threads are
         * currently waiting for the write lock.  This &quot;barging&quot;
         * behavior can be useful in certain circumstances, even
         * though it breaks fairness. If you want to honor the
         * fairness setting for this lock, then use {@link
         * #tryLock(long, TimeUnit) tryLock(0, TimeUnit.SECONDS) }
         * which is almost equivalent (it also detects interruption).
         *
         * <p>If the current thread already holds this lock then the
         * hold count is incremented by one and the method returns
         * {@code true}.
         *
         * <p>If the lock is held by another thread then this method
         * will return immediately with the value {@code false}.
         *
         * @return {@code true} if the lock was free and was acquired
         * by the current thread, or the write lock was already held
         * by the current thread; and {@code false} otherwise.
         */
        public boolean tryLock( ) {
            return sync.tryWriteLock();
        }

        /**
         * Acquires the write lock if it is not held by another thread
         * within the given waiting time and the current thread has
         * not been {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted}.
         *
         * <p>Acquires the write lock if neither the read nor write lock
         * are held by another thread
         * and returns immediately with the value {@code true},
         * setting the write lock hold count to one. If this lock has been
         * set to use a fair ordering policy then an available lock
         * <em>will not</em> be acquired if any other threads are
         * waiting for the write lock. This is in contrast to the {@link
         * #tryLock()} method. If you want a timed {@code tryLock}
         * that does permit barging on a fair lock then combine the
         * timed and un-timed forms together:
         *
         *  <pre> {@code
         * if (lock.tryLock() ||
         *     lock.tryLock(timeout, unit)) {
         *   ...
         * }}</pre>
         *
         * <p>If the current thread already holds this lock then the
         * hold count is incremented by one and the method returns
         * {@code true}.
         *
         * <p>If the lock is held by another thread then the current
         * thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling purposes and
         * lies dormant until one of three things happens:
         *
         * <ul>
         *
         * <li>The write lock is acquired by the current thread; or
         *
         * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
         * the current thread; or
         *
         * <li>The specified waiting time elapses
         *
         * </ul>
         *
         * <p>If the write lock is acquired then the value {@code true} is
         * returned and the write lock hold count is set to one.
         *
         * <p>If the current thread:
         *
         * <ul>
         *
         * <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method;
         * or
         *
         * <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while
         * acquiring the write lock,
         *
         * </ul>
         *
         * then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the current
         * thread's interrupted status is cleared.
         *
         * <p>If the specified waiting time elapses then the value
         * {@code false} is returned.  If the time is less than or
         * equal to zero, the method will not wait at all.
         *
         * <p>In this implementation, as this method is an explicit
         * interruption point, preference is given to responding to
         * the interrupt over normal or reentrant acquisition of the
         * lock, and over reporting the elapse of the waiting time.
         *
         * @param timeout the time to wait for the write lock
         * @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
         *
         * @return {@code true} if the lock was free and was acquired
         * by the current thread, or the write lock was already held by the
         * current thread; and {@code false} if the waiting time
         * elapsed before the lock could be acquired.
         *
         * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
         * @throws NullPointerException if the time unit is null
         */
        public boolean tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
                throws InterruptedException {
            return sync.tryAcquireNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
        }

        /**
         * Attempts to release this lock.
         *
         * <p>If the current thread is the holder of this lock then
         * the hold count is decremented. If the hold count is now
         * zero then the lock is released.  If the current thread is
         * not the holder of this lock then {@link
         * IllegalMonitorStateException} is thrown.
         *
         * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if the current thread does not
         * hold this lock
         */
        public void unlock() {
            sync.release(1);
        }

        /**
         * Returns a {@link Condition} instance for use with this
         * {@link Lock} instance.
         * <p>The returned {@link Condition} instance supports the same
         * usages as do the {@link Object} monitor methods ({@link
         * Object#wait() wait}, {@link Object#notify notify}, and {@link
         * Object#notifyAll notifyAll}) when used with the built-in
         * monitor lock.
         *
         * <ul>
         *
         * <li>If this write lock is not held when any {@link
         * Condition} method is called then an {@link
         * IllegalMonitorStateException} is thrown.  (Read locks are
         * held independently of write locks, so are not checked or
         * affected. However it is essentially always an error to
         * invoke a condition waiting method when the current thread
         * has also acquired read locks, since other threads that
         * could unblock it will not be able to acquire the write
         * lock.)
         *
         * <li>When the condition {@linkplain Condition#await() waiting}
         * methods are called the write lock is released and, before
         * they return, the write lock is reacquired and the lock hold
         * count restored to what it was when the method was called.
         *
         * <li>If a thread is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while
         * waiting then the wait will terminate, an {@link
         * InterruptedException} will be thrown, and the thread's
         * interrupted status will be cleared.
         *
         * <li> Waiting threads are signalled in FIFO order.
         *
         * <li>The ordering of lock reacquisition for threads returning
         * from waiting methods is the same as for threads initially
         * acquiring the lock, which is in the default case not specified,
         * but for <em>fair</em> locks favors those threads that have been
         * waiting the longest.
         *
         * </ul>
         *
         * @return the Condition object
         */
        public Condition newCondition() {
            return sync.newCondition();
        }

        /**
         * Returns a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock
         * state.  The state, in brackets includes either the String
         * {@code "Unlocked"} or the String {@code "Locked by"}
         * followed by the {@linkplain Thread#getName name} of the owning thread.
         *
         * @return a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock state
         */
        public String toString() {
            Thread o = sync.getOwner();
            return super.toString() + ((o == null) ?
                    "[Unlocked]" :
                    "[Locked by thread " + o.getName() + "]");
        }

        /**
         * Queries if this write lock is held by the current thread.
         * Identical in effect to {@link
         * ReentrantReadWriteLock#isWriteLockedByCurrentThread}.
         *
         * @return {@code true} if the current thread holds this lock and
         *         {@code false} otherwise
         * @since 1.6
         */
        public boolean isHeldByCurrentThread() {
            return sync.isHeldExclusively();
        }

        /**
         * Queries the number of holds on this write lock by the current
         * thread.  A thread has a hold on a lock for each lock action
         * that is not matched by an unlock action.  Identical in effect
         * to {@link ReentrantReadWriteLock#getWriteHoldCount}.
         *
         * @return the number of holds on this lock by the current thread,
         *         or zero if this lock is not held by the current thread
         * @since 1.6
         */
        public int getHoldCount() {
            return sync.getWriteHoldCount();
        }
    }

    // Instrumentation and status

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if this lock has fairness set true.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if this lock has fairness set true
     */
    public final boolean isFair() {
        return sync instanceof FairSync;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the thread that currently owns the write lock, or
     * {@code null} if not owned. When this method is called by a
     * thread that is not the owner, the return value reflects a
     * best-effort approximation of current lock status. For example,
     * the owner may be momentarily {@code null} even if there are
     * threads trying to acquire the lock but have not yet done so.
     * This method is designed to facilitate construction of
     * subclasses that provide more extensive lock monitoring
     * facilities.
     *
     * @return the owner, or {@code null} if not owned
     */
    protected Thread getOwner() {
        return sync.getOwner();
    }

    /**
     * Queries the number of read locks held for this lock. This
     * method is designed for use in monitoring system state, not for
     * synchronization control.
     * @return the number of read locks held
     */
    public int getReadLockCount() {
        return sync.getReadLockCount();
    }

    /**
     * Queries if the write lock is held by any thread. This method is
     * designed for use in monitoring system state, not for
     * synchronization control.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if any thread holds the write lock and
     *         {@code false} otherwise
     */
    public boolean isWriteLocked() {
        return sync.isWriteLocked();
    }

    /**
     * Queries if the write lock is held by the current thread.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if the current thread holds the write lock and
     *         {@code false} otherwise
     */
    public boolean isWriteLockedByCurrentThread() {
        return sync.isHeldExclusively();
    }

    /**
     * 獲取當前線程可重入寫鎖的持有數量
     */
    public int getWriteHoldCount() {
        return sync.getWriteHoldCount();
    }

    /**
     * 獲取當前線程可重入讀鎖的持有數量
     */
    public int getReadHoldCount() {
        return sync.getReadHoldCount();
    }

    /**
     * 獲取所有在同步隊列中等待獲取寫鎖的thread數量
     */
    protected Collection<Thread> getQueuedWriterThreads() {
        return sync.getExclusiveQueuedThreads();
    }

    /**
     * 獲取所有在同步隊列中等待獲取讀鎖的thread數量
     */
    protected Collection<Thread> getQueuedReaderThreads() {
        return sync.getSharedQueuedThreads();
    }

    /**
     * 是否有在隊列當中等待獲取鎖的線程
     */
    public final boolean hasQueuedThreads() {
        return sync.hasQueuedThreads();
    }

    /**
     * Queries whether the given thread is waiting to acquire either
     * the read or write lock. Note that because cancellations may
     * occur at any time, a {@code true} return does not guarantee
     * that this thread will ever acquire a lock.  This method is
     * designed primarily for use in monitoring of the system state.
     *
     * @param thread the thread
     * @return {@code true} if the given thread is queued waiting for this lock
     * @throws NullPointerException if the thread is null
     */
    public final boolean hasQueuedThread(Thread thread) {
        return sync.isQueued(thread);
    }

    /**
     * Returns an estimate of the number of threads waiting to acquire
     * either the read or write lock.  The value is only an estimate
     * because the number of threads may change dynamically while this
     * method traverses internal data structures.  This method is
     * designed for use in monitoring of the system state, not for
     * synchronization control.
     *
     * @return the estimated number of threads waiting for this lock
     */
    public final int getQueueLength() {
        return sync.getQueueLength();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a collection containing threads that may be waiting to
     * acquire either the read or write lock.  Because the actual set
     * of threads may change dynamically while constructing this
     * result, the returned collection is only a best-effort estimate.
     * The elements of the returned collection are in no particular
     * order.  This method is designed to facilitate construction of
     * subclasses that provide more extensive monitoring facilities.
     *
     * @return the collection of threads
     */
    protected Collection<Thread> getQueuedThreads() {
        return sync.getQueuedThreads();
    }

    /**
     * Queries whether any threads are waiting on the given condition
     * associated with the write lock. Note that because timeouts and
     * interrupts may occur at any time, a {@code true} return does
     * not guarantee that a future {@code signal} will awaken any
     * threads.  This method is designed primarily for use in
     * monitoring of the system state.
     *
     * @param condition the condition
     * @return {@code true} if there are any waiting threads
     * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if this lock is not held
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given condition is
     *         not associated with this lock
     * @throws NullPointerException if the condition is null
     */
    public boolean hasWaiters(Condition condition) {
        if (condition == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (!(condition instanceof AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("not owner");
        return sync.hasWaiters((AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject)condition);
    }

    /**
     * Returns an estimate of the number of threads waiting on the
     * given condition associated with the write lock. Note that because
     * timeouts and interrupts may occur at any time, the estimate
     * serves only as an upper bound on the actual number of waiters.
     * This method is designed for use in monitoring of the system
     * state, not for synchronization control.
     *
     * @param condition the condition
     * @return the estimated number of waiting threads
     * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if this lock is not held
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given condition is
     *         not associated with this lock
     * @throws NullPointerException if the condition is null
     */
    public int getWaitQueueLength(Condition condition) {
        if (condition == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (!(condition instanceof AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("not owner");
        return sync.getWaitQueueLength((AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject)condition);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a collection containing those threads that may be
     * waiting on the given condition associated with the write lock.
     * Because the actual set of threads may change dynamically while
     * constructing this result, the returned collection is only a
     * best-effort estimate. The elements of the returned collection
     * are in no particular order.  This method is designed to
     * facilitate construction of subclasses that provide more
     * extensive condition monitoring facilities.
     *
     * @param condition the condition
     * @return the collection of threads
     * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if this lock is not held
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given condition is
     *         not associated with this lock
     * @throws NullPointerException if the condition is null
     */
    protected Collection<Thread> getWaitingThreads(Condition condition) {
        if (condition == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (!(condition instanceof AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("not owner");
        return sync.getWaitingThreads((AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject)condition);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock state.
     * The state, in brackets, includes the String {@code "Write locks ="}
     * followed by the number of reentrantly held write locks, and the
     * String {@code "Read locks ="} followed by the number of held
     * read locks.
     *
     * @return a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock state
     */
    public String toString() {
        int c = sync.getCount();
        int w = Sync.exclusiveCount(c);
        int r = Sync.sharedCount(c);

        return super.toString() +
                "[Write locks = " + w + ", Read locks = " + r + "]";
    }

    /**
     * Returns the thread id for the given thread.  We must access
     * this directly rather than via method Thread.getId() because
     * getId() is not final, and has been known to be overridden in
     * ways that do not preserve unique mappings.
     */
    static final long getThreadId(Thread thread) {
        return UNSAFE.getLongVolatile(thread, TID_OFFSET);
    }

    // Unsafe mechanics
    private static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE;
    private static final long TID_OFFSET;
    static {
        try {
            UNSAFE = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
            Class<?> tk = Thread.class;
            TID_OFFSET = UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset
                    (tk.getDeclaredField("tid"));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new Error(e);
        }
    }

}

View Code

AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java

import sun.misc.Unsafe;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;

/**
 * description：AQS同步器框架源碼
 */
public abstract class AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
        extends AbstractOwnableSynchronizer
        implements java.io.Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 7373984972572414691L;

    /**
     * Creates a new {@code AbstractQueuedSynchronizer} instance
     * with initial synchronization state of zero.
     */
    protected AbstractQueuedSynchronizer() { }

    /**
     * Wait queue node class.
     *
     * <p>The wait queue is a variant of a "CLH" (Craig, Landin, and
     * Hagersten) lock queue. CLH locks are normally used for
     * spinlocks.  We instead use them for blocking synchronizers, but
     * use the same basic tactic of holding some of the control
     * information about a thread in the predecessor of its node.  A
     * "status" field in each node keeps track of whether a thread
     * should block.  A node is signalled when its predecessor
     * releases.  Each node of the queue otherwise serves as a
     * specific-notification-style monitor holding a single waiting
     * thread. The status field does NOT control whether threads are
     * granted locks etc though.  A thread may try to acquire if it is
     * first in the queue. But being first does not guarantee success;
     * it only gives the right to contend.  So the currently released
     * contender thread may need to rewait.
     *
     * <p>To enqueue into a CLH lock, you atomically splice it in as new
     * tail. To dequeue, you just set the head field.
     * <pre>
     *      +------+  prev +-----+       +-----+
     * head |      | <---- |     | <---- |     |  tail
     *      +------+       +-----+       +-----+
     * </pre>
     *
     * <p>Insertion into a CLH queue requires only a single atomic
     * operation on "tail", so there is a simple atomic point of
     * demarcation from unqueued to queued. Similarly, dequeuing
     * involves only updating the "head". However, it takes a bit
     * more work for nodes to determine who their successors are,
     * in part to deal with possible cancellation due to timeouts
     * and interrupts.
     *
     * <p>The "prev" links (not used in original CLH locks), are mainly
     * needed to handle cancellation. If a node is cancelled, its
     * successor is (normally) relinked to a non-cancelled
     * predecessor. For explanation of similar mechanics in the case
     * of spin locks, see the papers by Scott and Scherer at
     * http://www.cs.rochester.edu/u/scott/synchronization/
     *
     * <p>We also use "next" links to implement blocking mechanics.
     * The thread id for each node is kept in its own node, so a
     * predecessor signals the next node to wake up by traversing
     * next link to determine which thread it is.  Determination of
     * successor must avoid races with newly queued nodes to set
     * the "next" fields of their predecessors.  This is solved
     * when necessary by checking backwards from the atomically
     * updated "tail" when a node's successor appears to be null.
     * (Or, said differently, the next-links are an optimization
     * so that we don't usually need a backward scan.)
     *
     * <p>Cancellation introduces some conservatism to the basic
     * algorithms.  Since we must poll for cancellation of other
     * nodes, we can miss noticing whether a cancelled node is
     * ahead or behind us. This is dealt with by always unparking
     * successors upon cancellation, allowing them to stabilize on
     * a new predecessor, unless we can identify an uncancelled
     * predecessor who will carry this responsibility.
     *
     * <p>CLH queues need a dummy header node to get started. But
     * we don't create them on construction, because it would be wasted
     * effort if there is never contention. Instead, the node
     * is constructed and head and tail pointers are set upon first
     * contention.
     *
     * <p>Threads waiting on Conditions use the same nodes, but
     * use an additional link. Conditions only need to link nodes
     * in simple (non-concurrent) linked queues because they are
     * only accessed when exclusively held.  Upon await, a node is
     * inserted into a condition queue.  Upon signal, the node is
     * transferred to the main queue.  A special value of status
     * field is used to mark which queue a node is on.
     *
     * <p>Thanks go to Dave Dice, Mark Moir, Victor Luchangco, Bill
     * Scherer and Michael Scott, along with members of JSR-166
     * expert group, for helpful ideas, discussions, and critiques
     * on the design of this class.
     */
    static final class Node {
        /**
         * 標記節點為共享模式
         * */
        static final Node SHARED = new Node();
        /**
         *  標記節點為獨占模式
         */
        static final Node EXCLUSIVE = null;

        /**
         * 在同步隊列中等待的線程等待超時或者被中斷，需要從同步隊列中取消等待
         * */
        static final int CANCELLED =  1;
        /**
         *  后繼節點的線程處於等待狀態，而當前的節點如果釋放了同步狀態或者被取消，
         *  將會通知后繼節點，使后繼節點的線程得以運行。
         */
        static final int SIGNAL    = -1;
        /**
         *  節點在等待隊列中，節點的線程等待在Condition上，當其他線程對Condition調用了signal()方法后，
         *  該節點會從等待隊列中轉移到同步隊列中，加入到同步狀態的獲取中
         */
        static final int CONDITION = -2;
        /**
         * 表示下一次共享式同步狀態獲取將會被無條件地傳播下去
         */
        static final int PROPAGATE = -3;

        /**
         * 標記當前節點的信號量狀態 (1,0,-1,-2,-3)5種狀態
         * 使用CAS更改狀態，volatile保證線程可見性，高並發場景下，
         * 即被一個線程修改后，狀態會立馬讓其他線程可見。
         */
        volatile int waitStatus;

        /**
         * 前驅節點，當前節點加入到同步隊列中被設置
         */
        volatile Node prev;

        /**
         * 后繼節點
         */
        volatile Node next;

        /**
         * 節點同步狀態的線程
         */
        volatile Thread thread;

        /**
         * 等待隊列中的后繼節點，如果當前節點是共享的，那么這個字段是一個SHARED常量，
         * 也就是說節點類型(獨占和共享)和等待隊列中的后繼節點共用同一個字段。
         */
        Node nextWaiter;

        /**
         * Returns true if node is waiting in shared mode.
         */
        final boolean isShared() {
            return nextWaiter == SHARED;
        }

        /**
         * 返回前驅節點
         */
        final Node predecessor() throws NullPointerException {
            Node p = prev;
            if (p == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            else
                return p;
        }

        Node() {    // Used to establish initial head or SHARED marker
        }

        Node(Thread thread, Node mode) {     // Used by addWaiter
            this.nextWaiter = mode;
            this.thread = thread;
        }

        Node(Thread thread, int waitStatus) { // Used by Condition
            this.waitStatus = waitStatus;
            this.thread = thread;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 指向同步等待隊列的頭節點
     */
    private transient volatile Node head;

    /**
     * 指向同步等待隊列的尾節點
     */
    private transient volatile Node tail;

    /**
     * 同步資源狀態
     */
    private volatile int state;

    /**
     * Returns the current value of synchronization state.
     * This operation has memory semantics of a {@code volatile} read.
     * @return current state value
     */
    protected final int getState() {
        return state;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the value of synchronization state.
     * This operation has memory semantics of a {@code volatile} write.
     * @param newState the new state value
     */
    protected final void setState(int newState) {
        state = newState;
    }

    /**
     * Atomically sets synchronization state to the given updated
     * value if the current state value equals the expected value.
     * This operation has memory semantics of a {@code volatile} read
     * and write.
     *
     * @param expect the expected value
     * @param update the new value
     * @return {@code true} if successful. False return indicates that the actual
     *         value was not equal to the expected value.
     */
    protected final boolean compareAndSetState(int expect, int update) {
        // See below for intrinsics setup to support this
        return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, expect, update);
    }

    // Queuing utilities

    /**
     * The number of nanoseconds for which it is faster to spin
     * rather than to use timed park. A rough estimate suffices
     * to improve responsiveness with very short timeouts.
     */
    static final long spinForTimeoutThreshold = 1000L;

    /**
     * 節點加入CLH同步隊列
     */
    private Node enq(final Node node) {
        for (;;) {
            Node t = tail;
            if (t == null) { // Must initialize
                //隊列為空需要初始化，創建空的頭節點
                if (compareAndSetHead(new Node()))
                    tail = head;
            } else {
                node.prev = t;
                //set尾部節點
                if (compareAndSetTail(t, node)) {//當前節點置為尾部
                    t.next = node; //前驅節點的next指針指向當前節點
                    return t;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates and enqueues node for current thread and given mode.
     *
     * @param mode Node.EXCLUSIVE for exclusive, Node.SHARED for shared
     * @return the new node
     */
    private Node addWaiter(Node mode) {
        // 1. 將當前線程構建成Node類型
        Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), mode);
        // Try the fast path of enq; backup to full enq on failure
        Node pred = tail;
        // 2. 1當前尾節點是否為null？
        if (pred != null) {
            // 2.2 將當前節點尾插入的方式
            node.prev = pred;
            // 2.3 CAS將節點插入同步隊列的尾部
            if (compareAndSetTail(pred, node)) {
                pred.next = node;
                return node;
            }
        }
        enq(node);
        return node;
    }

    /**
     * Sets head of queue to be node, thus dequeuing. Called only by
     * acquire methods.  Also nulls out unused fields for sake of GC
     * and to suppress unnecessary signals and traversals.
     *
     * @param node the node
     */
    private void setHead(Node node) {
        head = node;
        node.thread = null;
        node.prev = null;
    }

    /**
     *
     */
    private void unparkSuccessor(Node node) {
        //獲取wait狀態
        int ws = node.waitStatus;
        if (ws < 0)
            compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, ws, 0);// 將等待狀態waitStatus設置為初始值0

        /**
         * 若后繼結點為空，或狀態為CANCEL（已失效），則從后尾部往前遍歷找到最前的一個處於正常阻塞狀態的結點
         * 進行喚醒
         */
        Node s = node.next;
        if (s == null || s.waitStatus > 0) {
            s = null;
            for (Node t = tail; t != null && t != node; t = t.prev)
                if (t.waitStatus <= 0)
                    s = t;
        }
        if (s != null)
            LockSupport.unpark(s.thread);//喚醒線程
    }

    /**
     * 把當前結點設置為SIGNAL或者PROPAGATE
     * 喚醒head.next(B節點)，B節點喚醒后可以競爭鎖，成功后head->B，然后又會喚醒B.next，一直重復直到共享節點都喚醒
     * head節點狀態為SIGNAL，重置head.waitStatus->0，喚醒head節點線程，喚醒后線程去競爭共享鎖
     * head節點狀態為0，將head.waitStatus->Node.PROPAGATE傳播狀態，表示需要將狀態向后繼節點傳播
     */
    private void doReleaseShared() {
        for (;;) {
            Node h = head;
            if (h != null && h != tail) {
                int ws = h.waitStatus;
                if (ws == Node.SIGNAL) {//head是SIGNAL狀態
                    /* head狀態是SIGNAL，重置head節點waitStatus為0，這里不直接設為Node.PROPAGATE,
                     * 是因為unparkSuccessor(h)中，如果ws < 0會設置為0，所以ws先設置為0，再設置為PROPAGATE
                     * 這里需要控制並發，因為入口有setHeadAndPropagate跟release兩個，避免兩次unpark
                     */
                    if (!compareAndSetWaitStatus(h, Node.SIGNAL, 0))
                        continue; //設置失敗，重新循環
                    /* head狀態為SIGNAL，且成功設置為0之后,喚醒head.next節點線程
                     * 此時head、head.next的線程都喚醒了，head.next會去競爭鎖，成功后head會指向獲取鎖的節點，
                     * 也就是head發生了變化。看最底下一行代碼可知，head發生變化后會重新循環，繼續喚醒head的下一個節點
                     */
                    unparkSuccessor(h);
                    /*
                     * 如果本身頭節點的waitStatus是出於重置狀態（waitStatus==0）的，將其設置為“傳播”狀態。
                     * 意味着需要將狀態向后一個節點傳播
                     */
                }
                else if (ws == 0 &&
                        !compareAndSetWaitStatus(h, 0, Node.PROPAGATE))
                    continue;                // loop on failed CAS
            }
            if (h == head) //如果head變了，重新循環
                break;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 把node節點設置成head節點，且Node.waitStatus->Node.PROPAGATE
     */
    private void setHeadAndPropagate(Node node, int propagate) {
        Node h = head; //h用來保存舊的head節點
        setHead(node);//head引用指向node節點
        /* 這里意思有兩種情況是需要執行喚醒操作
         * 1.propagate > 0 表示調用方指明了后繼節點需要被喚醒
         * 2.頭節點后面的節點需要被喚醒（waitStatus<0），不論是老的頭結點還是新的頭結點
         */
        if (propagate > 0 || h == null || h.waitStatus < 0 ||
                (h = head) == null || h.waitStatus < 0) {
            Node s = node.next;
            if (s == null || s.isShared())//node是最后一個節點或者 node的后繼節點是共享節點
                /* 如果head節點狀態為SIGNAL，喚醒head節點線程，重置head.waitStatus->0
                 * head節點狀態為0(第一次添加時是0)，設置head.waitStatus->Node.PROPAGATE表示狀態需要向后繼節點傳播
                 */
                doReleaseShared();
        }
    }

    // Utilities for various versions of acquire

    /**
     * Cancels an ongoing attempt to acquire.
     *
     * @param node the node
     */
    private void cancelAcquire(Node node) {
        // Ignore if node doesn't exist
        if (node == null)
            return;

        node.thread = null;

        // Skip cancelled predecessors
        Node pred = node.prev;
        while (pred.waitStatus > 0)
            node.prev = pred = pred.prev;

        // predNext is the apparent node to unsplice. CASes below will
        // fail if not, in which case, we lost race vs another cancel
        // or signal, so no further action is necessary.
        Node predNext = pred.next;

        // Can use unconditional write instead of CAS here.
        // After this atomic step, other Nodes can skip past us.
        // Before, we are free of interference from other threads.
        node.waitStatus = Node.CANCELLED;

        // If we are the tail, remove ourselves.
        if (node == tail && compareAndSetTail(node, pred)) {
            compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, null);
        } else {
            // If successor needs signal, try to set pred's next-link
            // so it will get one. Otherwise wake it up to propagate.
            int ws;
            if (pred != head &&
                    ((ws = pred.waitStatus) == Node.SIGNAL ||
                            (ws <= 0 && compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL))) &&
                    pred.thread != null) {
                Node next = node.next;
                if (next != null && next.waitStatus <= 0)
                    compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, next);
            } else {
                unparkSuccessor(node);
            }

            node.next = node; // help GC
        }
    }

    /**
     * Checks and updates status for a node that failed to acquire.
     * Returns true if thread should block. This is the main signal
     * control in all acquire loops.  Requires that pred == node.prev.
     *
     * @param pred node's predecessor holding status
     * @param node the node
     * @return {@code true} if thread should block
     */
    private static boolean shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(Node pred, Node node) {
        int ws = pred.waitStatus;
        if (ws == Node.SIGNAL)
            /*
             * 若前驅結點的狀態是SIGNAL，意味着當前結點可以被安全地park
             */
            return true;
        if (ws > 0) {
            /*
             * 前驅節點狀態如果被取消狀態，將被移除出隊列
             */
            do {
                node.prev = pred = pred.prev;
            } while (pred.waitStatus > 0);
            pred.next = node;
        } else {
            /*
             * 當前驅節點waitStatus為 0 or PROPAGATE狀態時
             * 將其設置為SIGNAL狀態，然后當前結點才可以可以被安全地park
             */
            compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL);
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Convenience method to interrupt current thread.
     */
    static void selfInterrupt() {
        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
    }

    /**
     * 阻塞當前節點，返回當前Thread的中斷狀態
     * LockSupport.park 底層實現邏輯調用系統內核功能 pthread_mutex_lock 阻塞線程
     */
    private final boolean parkAndCheckInterrupt() {
        LockSupport.park(this);//阻塞
        return Thread.interrupted();
    }

    /*
     * Various flavors of acquire, varying in exclusive/shared and
     * control modes.  Each is mostly the same, but annoyingly
     * different.  Only a little bit of factoring is possible due to
     * interactions of exception mechanics (including ensuring that we
     * cancel if tryAcquire throws exception) and other control, at
     * least not without hurting performance too much.
     */

    /**
     * 已經在隊列當中的Thread節點，准備阻塞等待獲取鎖
     */
    final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
        boolean failed = true;
        try {
            boolean interrupted = false;
            for (;;) {//死循環
                final Node p = node.predecessor();//找到當前結點的前驅結點
                if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {//如果前驅結點是頭結點，才tryAcquire，其他結點是沒有機會tryAcquire的。
                    setHead(node);//獲取同步狀態成功，將當前結點設置為頭結點。
                    p.next = null; // help GC
                    failed = false;
                    return interrupted;
                }
                /**
                 * 如果前驅節點不是Head，通過shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire判斷是否應該阻塞
                 * 前驅節點信號量為-1，當前線程可以安全被parkAndCheckInterrupt用來阻塞線程
                 */
                if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                        parkAndCheckInterrupt())
                    interrupted = true;
            }
        } finally {
            if (failed)
                cancelAcquire(node);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 與acquireQueued邏輯相似，唯一區別節點還不在隊列當中需要先進行入隊操作
     */
    private void doAcquireInterruptibly(int arg)
            throws InterruptedException {
        final Node node = addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE);//以獨占模式放入隊列尾部
        boolean failed = true;
        try {
            for (;;) {
                final Node p = node.predecessor();
                if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
                    setHead(node);
                    p.next = null; // help GC
                    failed = false;
                    return;
                }
                if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                        parkAndCheckInterrupt())
                    throw new InterruptedException();
            }
        } finally {
            if (failed)
                cancelAcquire(node);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 獨占模式定時獲取
     */
    private boolean doAcquireNanos(int arg, long nanosTimeout)
            throws InterruptedException {
        if (nanosTimeout <= 0L)
            return false;
        final long deadline = System.nanoTime() + nanosTimeout;
        final Node node = addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE);//加入隊列
        boolean failed = true;
        try {
            for (;;) {
                final Node p = node.predecessor();
                if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
                    setHead(node);
                    p.next = null; // help GC
                    failed = false;
                    return true;
                }
                nanosTimeout = deadline - System.nanoTime();
                if (nanosTimeout <= 0L)
                    return false;//超時直接返回獲取失敗
                if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                        nanosTimeout > spinForTimeoutThreshold)
                    //阻塞指定時長，超時則線程自動被喚醒
                    LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanosTimeout);
                if (Thread.interrupted())//當前線程中斷狀態
                    throw new InterruptedException();
            }
        } finally {
            if (failed)
                cancelAcquire(node);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 嘗試獲取共享鎖
     */
    private void doAcquireShared(int arg) {
        final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);//入隊
        boolean failed = true;
        try {
            boolean interrupted = false;
            for (;;) {
                final Node p = node.predecessor();//前驅節點
                if (p == head) {
                    int r = tryAcquireShared(arg); //非公平鎖實現，再嘗試獲取鎖
                    //state==0時tryAcquireShared會返回>=0(CountDownLatch中返回的是1)。
                    // state為0說明共享次數已經到了，可以獲取鎖了
                    if (r >= 0) {//r>0表示state==0,前繼節點已經釋放鎖，鎖的狀態為可被獲取
                        //這一步設置node為head節點設置node.waitStatus->Node.PROPAGATE，然后喚醒node.thread
                        setHeadAndPropagate(node, r);
                        p.next = null; // help GC
                        if (interrupted)
                            selfInterrupt();
                        failed = false;
                        return;
                    }
                }
                //前繼節點非head節點，將前繼節點狀態設置為SIGNAL，通過park掛起node節點的線程
                if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                        parkAndCheckInterrupt())
                    interrupted = true;
            }
        } finally {
            if (failed)
                cancelAcquire(node);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Acquires in shared interruptible mode.
     * @param arg the acquire argument
     */
    private void doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg)
            throws InterruptedException {
        final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);
        boolean failed = true;
        try {
            for (;;) {
                final Node p = node.predecessor();
                if (p == head) {
                    int r = tryAcquireShared(arg);
                    if (r >= 0) {
                        setHeadAndPropagate(node, r);
                        p.next = null; // help GC
                        failed = false;
                        return;
                    }
                }
                if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                        parkAndCheckInterrupt())
                    throw new InterruptedException();
            }
        } finally {
            if (failed)
                cancelAcquire(node);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Acquires in shared timed mode.
     *
     * @param arg the acquire argument
     * @param nanosTimeout max wait time
     * @return {@code true} if acquired
     */
    private boolean doAcquireSharedNanos(int arg, long nanosTimeout)
            throws InterruptedException {
        if (nanosTimeout <= 0L)
            return false;
        final long deadline = System.nanoTime() + nanosTimeout;
        final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);
        boolean failed = true;
        try {
            for (;;) {
                final Node p = node.predecessor();
                if (p == head) {
                    int r = tryAcquireShared(arg);
                    if (r >= 0) {
                        setHeadAndPropagate(node, r);
                        p.next = null; // help GC
                        failed = false;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                nanosTimeout = deadline - System.nanoTime();
                if (nanosTimeout <= 0L)
                    return false;
                if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                        nanosTimeout > spinForTimeoutThreshold)
                    LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanosTimeout);
                if (Thread.interrupted())
                    throw new InterruptedException();
            }
        } finally {
            if (failed)
                cancelAcquire(node);
        }
    }

    // Main exported methods

    /**
     * Attempts to acquire in exclusive mode. This method should query
     * if the state of the object permits it to be acquired in the
     * exclusive mode, and if so to acquire it.
     *
     * <p>This method is always invoked by the thread performing
     * acquire.  If this method reports failure, the acquire method
     * may queue the thread, if it is not already queued, until it is
     * signalled by a release from some other thread. This can be used
     * to implement method {@link Lock#tryLock()}.
     *
     * <p>The default
     * implementation throws {@link UnsupportedOperationException}.
     *
     * @param arg the acquire argument. This value is always the one
     *        passed to an acquire method, or is the value saved on entry
     *        to a condition wait.  The value is otherwise uninterpreted
     *        and can represent anything you like.
     * @return {@code true} if successful. Upon success, this object has
     *         been acquired.
     * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if acquiring would place this
     *         synchronizer in an illegal state. This exception must be
     *         thrown in a consistent fashion for synchronization to work
     *         correctly.
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if exclusive mode is not supported
     */
    protected boolean tryAcquire(int arg) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    /**
     * Attempts to set the state to reflect a release in exclusive
     * mode.
     *
     * <p>This method is always invoked by the thread performing release.
     *
     * <p>The default implementation throws
     * {@link UnsupportedOperationException}.
     *
     * @param arg the release argument. This value is always the one
     *        passed to a release method, or the current state value upon
     *        entry to a condition wait.  The value is otherwise
     *        uninterpreted and can represent anything you like.
     * @return {@code true} if this object is now in a fully released
     *         state, so that any waiting threads may attempt to acquire;
     *         and {@code false} otherwise.
     * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if releasing would place this
     *         synchronizer in an illegal state. This exception must be
     *         thrown in a consistent fashion for synchronization to work
     *         correctly.
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if exclusive mode is not supported
     */
    protected boolean tryRelease(int arg) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    /**
     * 共享式：共享式地獲取同步狀態。對於獨占式同步組件來講，同一時刻只有一個線程能獲取到同步狀態，
     * 其他線程都得去排隊等待，其待重寫的嘗試獲取同步狀態的方法tryAcquire返回值為boolean，這很容易理解；
     * 對於共享式同步組件來講，同一時刻可以有多個線程同時獲取到同步狀態，這也是“共享”的意義所在。
     * 本方法待被之類覆蓋實現具體邏輯
     *  1.當返回值大於0時，表示獲取同步狀態成功，同時還有剩余同步狀態可供其他線程獲取；
     *
     *　2.當返回值等於0時，表示獲取同步狀態成功，但沒有可用同步狀態了；

     *　3.當返回值小於0時，表示獲取同步狀態失敗。
     */
    protected int tryAcquireShared(int arg) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    /**
     * Attempts to set the state to reflect a release in shared mode.
     *
     * <p>This method is always invoked by the thread performing release.
     *
     * <p>The default implementation throws
     * {@link UnsupportedOperationException}.
     *
     * @param arg the release argument. This value is always the one
     *        passed to a release method, or the current state value upon
     *        entry to a condition wait.  The value is otherwise
     *        uninterpreted and can represent anything you like.
     * @return {@code true} if this release of shared mode may permit a
     *         waiting acquire (shared or exclusive) to succeed; and
     *         {@code false} otherwise
     * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if releasing would place this
     *         synchronizer in an illegal state. This exception must be
     *         thrown in a consistent fashion for synchronization to work
     *         correctly.
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if shared mode is not supported
     */
    protected boolean tryReleaseShared(int arg) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if synchronization is held exclusively with
     * respect to the current (calling) thread.  This method is invoked
     * upon each call to a non-waiting {@link ConditionObject} method.
     * (Waiting methods instead invoke {@link #release}.)
     *
     * <p>The default implementation throws {@link
     * UnsupportedOperationException}. This method is invoked
     * internally only within {@link ConditionObject} methods, so need
     * not be defined if conditions are not used.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if synchronization is held exclusively;
     *         {@code false} otherwise
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if conditions are not supported
     */
    protected boolean isHeldExclusively() {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    /**
     * Acquires in exclusive mode, ignoring interrupts.  Implemented
     * by invoking at least once {@link #tryAcquire},
     * returning on success.  Otherwise the thread is queued, possibly
     * repeatedly blocking and unblocking, invoking {@link
     * #tryAcquire} until success.  This method can be used
     * to implement method {@link Lock#lock}.
     *
     * @param arg the acquire argument.  This value is conveyed to
     *        {@link #tryAcquire} but is otherwise uninterpreted and
     *        can represent anything you like.
     */
    public final void acquire(int arg) {
        if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&
                acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
            selfInterrupt();
    }

    /**
     * Acquires in exclusive mode, aborting if interrupted.
     * Implemented by first checking interrupt status, then invoking
     * at least once {@link #tryAcquire}, returning on
     * success.  Otherwise the thread is queued, possibly repeatedly
     * blocking and unblocking, invoking {@link #tryAcquire}
     * until success or the thread is interrupted.  This method can be
     * used to implement method {@link Lock#lockInterruptibly}.
     *
     * @param arg the acquire argument.  This value is conveyed to
     *        {@link #tryAcquire} but is otherwise uninterpreted and
     *        can represent anything you like.
     * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
     */
    public final void acquireInterruptibly(int arg)
            throws InterruptedException {
        if (Thread.interrupted())
            throw new InterruptedException();
        if (!tryAcquire(arg))
            doAcquireInterruptibly(arg);
    }

    /**
     * Attempts to acquire in exclusive mode, aborting if interrupted,
     * and failing if the given timeout elapses.  Implemented by first
     * checking interrupt status, then invoking at least once {@link
     * #tryAcquire}, returning on success.  Otherwise, the thread is
     * queued, possibly repeatedly blocking and unblocking, invoking
     * {@link #tryAcquire} until success or the thread is interrupted
     * or the timeout elapses.  This method can be used to implement
     * method {@link Lock#tryLock(long, TimeUnit)}.
     *
     * @param arg the acquire argument.  This value is conveyed to
     *        {@link #tryAcquire} but is otherwise uninterpreted and
     *        can represent anything you like.
     * @param nanosTimeout the maximum number of nanoseconds to wait
     * @return {@code true} if acquired; {@code false} if timed out
     * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
     */
    public final boolean tryAcquireNanos(int arg, long nanosTimeout)
            throws InterruptedException {
        if (Thread.interrupted())
            throw new InterruptedException();
        return tryAcquire(arg) ||
                doAcquireNanos(arg, nanosTimeout);
    }

    /**
     * 釋放獨占模式持有的鎖
     */
    public final boolean release(int arg) {
        if (tryRelease(arg)) {//釋放一次鎖
            Node h = head;
            if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0)
                unparkSuccessor(h);//喚醒后繼結點
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 請求獲取共享鎖
     */
    public final void acquireShared(int arg) {
        if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0)//返回值小於0，獲取同步狀態失敗，排隊去；獲取同步狀態成功，直接返回去干自己的事兒。
            doAcquireShared(arg);
    }

    /**
     * Acquires in shared mode, aborting if interrupted.  Implemented
     * by first checking interrupt status, then invoking at least once
     * {@link #tryAcquireShared}, returning on success.  Otherwise the
     * thread is queued, possibly repeatedly blocking and unblocking,
     * invoking {@link #tryAcquireShared} until success or the thread
     * is interrupted.
     * @param arg the acquire argument.
     * This value is conveyed to {@link #tryAcquireShared} but is
     * otherwise uninterpreted and can represent anything
     * you like.
     * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
     */
    public final void acquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg)
            throws InterruptedException {
        if (Thread.interrupted())
            throw new InterruptedException();
        if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0)
            doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(arg);
    }

    /**
     * Attempts to acquire in shared mode, aborting if interrupted, and
     * failing if the given timeout elapses.  Implemented by first
     * checking interrupt status, then invoking at least once {@link
     * #tryAcquireShared}, returning on success.  Otherwise, the
     * thread is queued, possibly repeatedly blocking and unblocking,
     * invoking {@link #tryAcquireShared} until success or the thread
     * is interrupted or the timeout elapses.
     *
     * @param arg the acquire argument.  This value is conveyed to
     *        {@link #tryAcquireShared} but is otherwise uninterpreted
     *        and can represent anything you like.
     * @param nanosTimeout the maximum number of nanoseconds to wait
     * @return {@code true} if acquired; {@code false} if timed out
     * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
     */
    public final boolean tryAcquireSharedNanos(int arg, long nanosTimeout)
            throws InterruptedException {
        if (Thread.interrupted())
            throw new InterruptedException();
        return tryAcquireShared(arg) >= 0 ||
                doAcquireSharedNanos(arg, nanosTimeout);
    }

    /**
     * Releases in shared mode.  Implemented by unblocking one or more
     * threads if {@link #tryReleaseShared} returns true.
     *
     * @param arg the release argument.  This value is conveyed to
     *        {@link #tryReleaseShared} but is otherwise uninterpreted
     *        and can represent anything you like.
     * @return the value returned from {@link #tryReleaseShared}
     */
    public final boolean releaseShared(int arg) {
        if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) {
            doReleaseShared();
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    // Queue inspection methods

    /**
     * Queries whether any threads are waiting to acquire. Note that
     * because cancellations due to interrupts and timeouts may occur
     * at any time, a {@code true} return does not guarantee that any
     * other thread will ever acquire.
     *
     * <p>In this implementation, this operation returns in
     * constant time.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if there may be other threads waiting to acquire
     */
    public final boolean hasQueuedThreads() {
        return head != tail;
    }

    /**
     * Queries whether any threads have ever contended to acquire this
     * synchronizer; that is if an acquire method has ever blocked.
     *
     * <p>In this implementation, this operation returns in
     * constant time.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if there has ever been contention
     */
    public final boolean hasContended() {
        return head != null;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the first (longest-waiting) thread in the queue, or
     * {@code null} if no threads are currently queued.
     *
     * <p>In this implementation, this operation normally returns in
     * constant time, but may iterate upon contention if other threads are
     * concurrently modifying the queue.
     *
     * @return the first (longest-waiting) thread in the queue, or
     *         {@code null} if no threads are currently queued
     */
    public final Thread getFirstQueuedThread() {
        // handle only fast path, else relay
        return (head == tail) ? null : fullGetFirstQueuedThread();
    }

    /**
     * Version of getFirstQueuedThread called when fastpath fails
     */
    private Thread fullGetFirstQueuedThread() {
        /*
         * The first node is normally head.next. Try to get its
         * thread field, ensuring consistent reads: If thread
         * field is nulled out or s.prev is no longer head, then
         * some other thread(s) concurrently performed setHead in
         * between some of our reads. We try this twice before
         * resorting to traversal.
         */
        Node h, s;
        Thread st;
        if (((h = head) != null && (s = h.next) != null &&
                s.prev == head && (st = s.thread) != null) ||
                ((h = head) != null && (s = h.next) != null &&
                        s.prev == head && (st = s.thread) != null))
            return st;

        /*
         * Head's next field might not have been set yet, or may have
         * been unset after setHead. So we must check to see if tail
         * is actually first node. If not, we continue on, safely
         * traversing from tail back to head to find first,
         * guaranteeing termination.
         */

        Node t = tail;
        Thread firstThread = null;
        while (t != null && t != head) {
            Thread tt = t.thread;
            if (tt != null)
                firstThread = tt;
            t = t.prev;
        }
        return firstThread;
    }

    /**
     * 判斷當前線程是否在隊列當中
     */
    public final boolean isQueued(Thread thread) {
        if (thread == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        for (Node p = tail; p != null; p = p.prev)
            if (p.thread == thread)
                return true;
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if the apparent first queued thread, if one
     * exists, is waiting in exclusive mode.  If this method returns
     * {@code true}, and the current thread is attempting to acquire in
     * shared mode (that is, this method is invoked from {@link
     * #tryAcquireShared}) then it is guaranteed that the current thread
     * is not the first queued thread.  Used only as a heuristic in
     * ReentrantReadWriteLock.
     */
    final boolean apparentlyFirstQueuedIsExclusive() {
        Node h, s;
        return (h = head) != null &&
                (s = h.next)  != null &&
                !s.isShared()         &&
                s.thread != null;
    }

    /**
     * 判斷當前節點是否有前驅節點
     */
    public final boolean hasQueuedPredecessors() {
        Node t = tail; // Read fields in reverse initialization order
        Node h = head;
        Node s;
        return h != t &&
                ((s = h.next) == null || s.thread != Thread.currentThread());
    }


    // Instrumentation and monitoring methods

    /**
     * 同步隊列長度
     */
    public final int getQueueLength() {
        int n = 0;
        for (Node p = tail; p != null; p = p.prev) {
            if (p.thread != null)
                ++n;
        }
        return n;
    }

    /**
     * 獲取隊列等待thread集合
     */
    public final Collection<Thread> getQueuedThreads() {
        ArrayList<Thread> list = new ArrayList<Thread>();
        for (Node p = tail; p != null; p = p.prev) {
            Thread t = p.thread;
            if (t != null)
                list.add(t);
        }
        return list;
    }

    /**
     * 獲取獨占模式等待thread線程集合
     */
    public final Collection<Thread> getExclusiveQueuedThreads() {
        ArrayList<Thread> list = new ArrayList<Thread>();
        for (Node p = tail; p != null; p = p.prev) {
            if (!p.isShared()) {
                Thread t = p.thread;
                if (t != null)
                    list.add(t);
            }
        }
        return list;
    }

    /**
     * 獲取共享模式等待thread集合
     */
    public final Collection<Thread> getSharedQueuedThreads() {
        ArrayList<Thread> list = new ArrayList<Thread>();
        for (Node p = tail; p != null; p = p.prev) {
            if (p.isShared()) {
                Thread t = p.thread;
                if (t != null)
                    list.add(t);
            }
        }
        return list;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string identifying this synchronizer, as well as its state.
     * The state, in brackets, includes the String {@code "State ="}
     * followed by the current value of {@link #getState}, and either
     * {@code "nonempty"} or {@code "empty"} depending on whether the
     * queue is empty.
     *
     * @return a string identifying this synchronizer, as well as its state
     */
    public String toString() {
        int s = getState();
        String q  = hasQueuedThreads() ? "non" : "";
        return super.toString() +
                "[State = " + s + ", " + q + "empty queue]";
    }


    // Internal support methods for Conditions

    /**
     * 判斷節點是否在同步隊列中
     */
    final boolean isOnSyncQueue(Node node) {
        //快速判斷1：節點狀態或者節點沒有前置節點
        //注：同步隊列是有頭節點的，而條件隊列沒有
        if (node.waitStatus == Node.CONDITION || node.prev == null)
            return false;
        //快速判斷2：next字段只有同步隊列才會使用，條件隊列中使用的是nextWaiter字段
        if (node.next != null) // If has successor, it must be on queue
            return true;
        //上面如果無法判斷則進入復雜判斷
        return findNodeFromTail(node);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if node is on sync queue by searching backwards from tail.
     * Called only when needed by isOnSyncQueue.
     * @return true if present
     */
    private boolean findNodeFromTail(Node node) {
        Node t = tail;
        for (;;) {
            if (t == node)
                return true;
            if (t == null)
                return false;
            t = t.prev;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 將節點從條件隊列當中移動到同步隊列當中，等待獲取鎖
     */
    final boolean transferForSignal(Node node) {
        /*
         * 修改節點信號量狀態為0，失敗直接返回false
         */
        if (!compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, Node.CONDITION, 0))
            return false;

        /*
         * 加入同步隊列尾部當中，返回前驅節點
         */
        Node p = enq(node);
        int ws = p.waitStatus;
        //前驅節點不可用 或者 修改信號量狀態失敗
        if (ws > 0 || !compareAndSetWaitStatus(p, ws, Node.SIGNAL))
            LockSupport.unpark(node.thread); //喚醒當前節點
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Transfers node, if necessary, to sync queue after a cancelled wait.
     * Returns true if thread was cancelled before being signalled.
     *
     * @param node the node
     * @return true if cancelled before the node was signalled
     */
    final boolean transferAfterCancelledWait(Node node) {
        if (compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, Node.CONDITION, 0)) {
            enq(node);
            return true;
        }
        /*
         * If we lost out to a signal(), then we can't proceed
         * until it finishes its enq().  Cancelling during an
         * incomplete transfer is both rare and transient, so just
         * spin.
         */
        while (!isOnSyncQueue(node))
            Thread.yield();
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 入參就是新創建的節點，即當前節點
     */
    final int fullyRelease(Node node) {
        boolean failed = true;
        try {
            //這里這個取值要注意，獲取當前的state並釋放，這從另一個角度說明必須是獨占鎖
            //可以考慮下這個邏輯放在共享鎖下面會發生什么？
            int savedState = getState();
            if (release(savedState)) {
                failed = false;
                return savedState;
            } else {
                //如果這里釋放失敗，則拋出異常
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            }
        } finally {
            /**
             * 如果釋放鎖失敗，則把節點取消，由這里就能看出來上面添加節點的邏輯中
             * 只需要判斷最后一個節點是否被取消就可以了
             */
            if (failed)
                node.waitStatus = Node.CANCELLED;
        }
    }

    // Instrumentation methods for conditions

    /**
     * Queries whether the given ConditionObject
     * uses this synchronizer as its lock.
     *
     * @param condition the condition
     * @return {@code true} if owned
     * @throws NullPointerException if the condition is null
     */
    public final boolean owns(ConditionObject condition) {
        return condition.isOwnedBy(this);
    }

    /**
     * Queries whether any threads are waiting on the given condition
     * associated with this synchronizer. Note that because timeouts
     * and interrupts may occur at any time, a {@code true} return
     * does not guarantee that a future {@code signal} will awaken
     * any threads.  This method is designed primarily for use in
     * monitoring of the system state.
     *
     * @param condition the condition
     * @return {@code true} if there are any waiting threads
     * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if exclusive synchronization
     *         is not held
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given condition is
     *         not associated with this synchronizer
     * @throws NullPointerException if the condition is null
     */
    public final boolean hasWaiters(ConditionObject condition) {
        if (!owns(condition))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not owner");
        return condition.hasWaiters();
    }

    /**
     * 獲取條件隊列長度
     */
    public final int getWaitQueueLength(ConditionObject condition) {
        if (!owns(condition))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not owner");
        return condition.getWaitQueueLength();
    }

    /**
     * 獲取條件隊列當中所有等待的thread集合
     */
    public final Collection<Thread> getWaitingThreads(ConditionObject condition) {
        if (!owns(condition))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not owner");
        return condition.getWaitingThreads();
    }

    /**
     * 條件對象，實現基於條件的具體行為
     */
    public class ConditionObject implements Condition, java.io.Serializable {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1173984872572414699L;
        /** First node of condition queue. */
        private transient Node firstWaiter;
        /** Last node of condition queue. */
        private transient Node lastWaiter;

        /**
         * Creates a new {@code ConditionObject} instance.
         */
        public ConditionObject() { }

        // Internal methods

        /**
         * 1.與同步隊列不同，條件隊列頭尾指針是firstWaiter跟lastWaiter
         * 2.條件隊列是在獲取鎖之后，也就是臨界區進行操作，因此很多地方不用考慮並發
         */
        private Node addConditionWaiter() {
            Node t = lastWaiter;
            //如果最后一個節點被取消，則刪除隊列中被取消的節點
            //至於為啥是最后一個節點后面會分析
            if (t != null && t.waitStatus != Node.CONDITION) {
                //刪除所有被取消的節點
                unlinkCancelledWaiters();
                t = lastWaiter;
            }
            //創建一個類型為CONDITION的節點並加入隊列，由於在臨界區，所以這里不用並發控制
            Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), Node.CONDITION);
            if (t == null)
                firstWaiter = node;
            else
                t.nextWaiter = node;
            lastWaiter = node;
            return node;
        }

        /**
         * 發信號，通知遍歷條件隊列當中的節點轉移到同步隊列當中，准備排隊獲取鎖
         */
        private void doSignal(Node first) {
            do {
                if ( (firstWaiter = first.nextWaiter) == null)
                    lastWaiter = null;
                first.nextWaiter = null;
            } while (!transferForSignal(first) && //轉移節點
                    (first = firstWaiter) != null);
        }

        /**
         * 通知所有節點移動到同步隊列當中，並將節點從條件隊列刪除
         */
        private void doSignalAll(Node first) {
            lastWaiter = firstWaiter = null;
            do {
                Node next = first.nextWaiter;
                first.nextWaiter = null;
                transferForSignal(first);
                first = next;
            } while (first != null);
        }

        /**
         * 刪除條件隊列當中被取消的節點
         */
        private void unlinkCancelledWaiters() {
            Node t = firstWaiter;
            Node trail = null;
            while (t != null) {
                Node next = t.nextWaiter;
                if (t.waitStatus != Node.CONDITION) {
                    t.nextWaiter = null;
                    if (trail == null)
                        firstWaiter = next;
                    else
                        trail.nextWaiter = next;
                    if (next == null)
                        lastWaiter = trail;
                }
                else
                    trail = t;
                t = next;
            }
        }

        // public methods

        /**
         * 發新號，通知條件隊列當中節點到同步隊列當中去排隊
         *
         */
        public final void signal() {
            if (!isHeldExclusively())//節點不能已經持有獨占鎖
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            Node first = firstWaiter;
            if (first != null)
                /**
                 * 發信號通知條件隊列的節點准備到同步隊列當中去排隊
                 */
                doSignal(first);
        }

        /**
         * 喚醒所有條件隊列的節點轉移到同步隊列當中
         */
        public final void signalAll() {
            if (!isHeldExclusively())
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            Node first = firstWaiter;
            if (first != null)
                doSignalAll(first);
        }

        /**
         * Implements uninterruptible condition wait.
         * <ol>
         * <li> Save lock state returned by {@link #getState}.
         * <li> Invoke {@link #release} with saved state as argument,
         *      throwing IllegalMonitorStateException if it fails.
         * <li> Block until signalled.
         * <li> Reacquire by invoking specialized version of
         *      {@link #acquire} with saved state as argument.
         * </ol>
         */
        public final void awaitUninterruptibly() {
            Node node = addConditionWaiter();
            int savedState = fullyRelease(node);
            boolean interrupted = false;
            while (!isOnSyncQueue(node)) {
                LockSupport.park(this);
                if (Thread.interrupted())
                    interrupted = true;
            }
            if (acquireQueued(node, savedState) || interrupted)
                selfInterrupt();
        }

        /*
         * For interruptible waits, we need to track whether to throw
         * InterruptedException, if interrupted while blocked on
         * condition, versus reinterrupt current thread, if
         * interrupted while blocked waiting to re-acquire.
         */

        /** 該模式表示在退出等待時重新中斷 */
        private static final int REINTERRUPT =  1;
        /** 異常中斷 */
        private static final int THROW_IE    = -1;

        /**
         * 這里的判斷邏輯是：
         * 1.如果現在不是中斷的，即正常被signal喚醒則返回0
         * 2.如果節點由中斷加入同步隊列則返回THROW_IE，由signal加入同步隊列則返回REINTERRUPT
         */
        private int checkInterruptWhileWaiting(Node node) {
            return Thread.interrupted() ?
                    (transferAfterCancelledWait(node) ? THROW_IE : REINTERRUPT) :
                    0;
        }

        /**
         * 根據中斷時機選擇拋出異常或者設置線程中斷狀態
         */
        private void reportInterruptAfterWait(int interruptMode)
                throws InterruptedException {
            if (interruptMode == THROW_IE)
                throw new InterruptedException();
            else if (interruptMode == REINTERRUPT)
                selfInterrupt();
        }

        /**
         * 加入條件隊列等待，條件隊列入口
         */
        public final void await() throws InterruptedException {
            //如果當前線程被中斷則直接拋出異常
            if (Thread.interrupted())
                throw new InterruptedException();
            //把當前節點加入條件隊列
            Node node = addConditionWaiter();
            //釋放掉已經獲取的獨占鎖資源
            int savedState = fullyRelease(node);
            int interruptMode = 0;
            //如果不在同步隊列中則不斷掛起
            while (!isOnSyncQueue(node)) {
                LockSupport.park(this);
                //這里被喚醒可能是正常的signal操作也可能是中斷
                if ((interruptMode = checkInterruptWhileWaiting(node)) != 0)
                    break;
            }
            /**
             * 走到這里說明節點已經條件滿足被加入到了同步隊列中或者中斷了
             * 這個方法很熟悉吧？就跟獨占鎖調用同樣的獲取鎖方法，從這里可以看出條件隊列只能用於獨占鎖
             * 在處理中斷之前首先要做的是從同步隊列中成功獲取鎖資源
             */
            if (acquireQueued(node, savedState) && interruptMode != THROW_IE)
                interruptMode = REINTERRUPT;
            //走到這里說明已經成功獲取到了獨占鎖，接下來就做些收尾工作
            //刪除條件隊列中被取消的節點
            if (node.nextWaiter != null) // clean up if cancelled
                unlinkCancelledWaiters();
            //根據不同模式處理中斷
            if (interruptMode != 0)
                reportInterruptAfterWait(interruptMode);
        }

        /**
         * Implements timed condition wait.
         * <ol>
         * <li> If current thread is interrupted, throw InterruptedException.
         * <li> Save lock state returned by {@link #getState}.
         * <li> Invoke {@link #release} with saved state as argument,
         *      throwing IllegalMonitorStateException if it fails.
         * <li> Block until signalled, interrupted, or timed out.
         * <li> Reacquire by invoking specialized version of
         *      {@link #acquire} with saved state as argument.
         * <li> If interrupted while blocked in step 4, throw InterruptedException.
         * </ol>
         */
        public final long awaitNanos(long nanosTimeout)
                throws InterruptedException {
            if (Thread.interrupted())
                throw new InterruptedException();
            Node node = addConditionWaiter();
            int savedState = fullyRelease(node);
            final long deadline = System.nanoTime() + nanosTimeout;
            int interruptMode = 0;
            while (!isOnSyncQueue(node)) {
                if (nanosTimeout <= 0L) {
                    transferAfterCancelledWait(node);
                    break;
                }
                if (nanosTimeout >= spinForTimeoutThreshold)
                    LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanosTimeout);
                if ((interruptMode = checkInterruptWhileWaiting(node)) != 0)
                    break;
                nanosTimeout = deadline - System.nanoTime();
            }
            if (acquireQueued(node, savedState) && interruptMode != THROW_IE)
                interruptMode = REINTERRUPT;
            if (node.nextWaiter != null)
                unlinkCancelledWaiters();
            if (interruptMode != 0)
                reportInterruptAfterWait(interruptMode);
            return deadline - System.nanoTime();
        }

        /**
         * Implements absolute timed condition wait.
         * <ol>
         * <li> If current thread is interrupted, throw InterruptedException.
         * <li> Save lock state returned by {@link #getState}.
         * <li> Invoke {@link #release} with saved state as argument,
         *      throwing IllegalMonitorStateException if it fails.
         * <li> Block until signalled, interrupted, or timed out.
         * <li> Reacquire by invoking specialized version of
         *      {@link #acquire} with saved state as argument.
         * <li> If interrupted while blocked in step 4, throw InterruptedException.
         * <li> If timed out while blocked in step 4, return false, else true.
         * </ol>
         */
        public final boolean awaitUntil(Date deadline)
                throws InterruptedException {
            long abstime = deadline.getTime();
            if (Thread.interrupted())
                throw new InterruptedException();
            Node node = addConditionWaiter();
            int savedState = fullyRelease(node);
            boolean timedout = false;
            int interruptMode = 0;
            while (!isOnSyncQueue(node)) {
                if (System.currentTimeMillis() > abstime) {
                    timedout = transferAfterCancelledWait(node);
                    break;
                }
                LockSupport.parkUntil(this, abstime);
                if ((interruptMode = checkInterruptWhileWaiting(node)) != 0)
                    break;
            }
            if (acquireQueued(node, savedState) && interruptMode != THROW_IE)
                interruptMode = REINTERRUPT;
            if (node.nextWaiter != null)
                unlinkCancelledWaiters();
            if (interruptMode != 0)
                reportInterruptAfterWait(interruptMode);
            return !timedout;
        }

        /**
         * Implements timed condition wait.
         * <ol>
         * <li> If current thread is interrupted, throw InterruptedException.
         * <li> Save lock state returned by {@link #getState}.
         * <li> Invoke {@link #release} with saved state as argument,
         *      throwing IllegalMonitorStateException if it fails.
         * <li> Block until signalled, interrupted, or timed out.
         * <li> Reacquire by invoking specialized version of
         *      {@link #acquire} with saved state as argument.
         * <li> If interrupted while blocked in step 4, throw InterruptedException.
         * <li> If timed out while blocked in step 4, return false, else true.
         * </ol>
         */
        public final boolean await(long time, TimeUnit unit)
                throws InterruptedException {
            long nanosTimeout = unit.toNanos(time);
            if (Thread.interrupted())
                throw new InterruptedException();
            Node node = addConditionWaiter();
            int savedState = fullyRelease(node);
            final long deadline = System.nanoTime() + nanosTimeout;
            boolean timedout = false;
            int interruptMode = 0;
            while (!isOnSyncQueue(node)) {
                if (nanosTimeout <= 0L) {
                    timedout = transferAfterCancelledWait(node);
                    break;
                }
                if (nanosTimeout >= spinForTimeoutThreshold)
                    LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanosTimeout);
                if ((interruptMode = checkInterruptWhileWaiting(node)) != 0)
                    break;
                nanosTimeout = deadline - System.nanoTime();
            }
            if (acquireQueued(node, savedState) && interruptMode != THROW_IE)
                interruptMode = REINTERRUPT;
            if (node.nextWaiter != null)
                unlinkCancelledWaiters();
            if (interruptMode != 0)
                reportInterruptAfterWait(interruptMode);
            return !timedout;
        }

        //  support for instrumentation

        /**
         * Returns true if this condition was created by the given
         * synchronization object.
         *
         * @return {@code true} if owned
         */
        final boolean isOwnedBy(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer sync) {
            return sync == AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.this;
        }

        /**
         * Queries whether any threads are waiting on this condition.
         * Implements {@link AbstractQueuedSynchronizer#hasWaiters(ConditionObject)}.
         *
         * @return {@code true} if there are any waiting threads
         * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if {@link #isHeldExclusively}
         *         returns {@code false}
         */
        protected final boolean hasWaiters() {
            if (!isHeldExclusively())
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            for (Node w = firstWaiter; w != null; w = w.nextWaiter) {
                if (w.waitStatus == Node.CONDITION)
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        /**
         * Returns an estimate of the number of threads waiting on
         * this condition.
         * Implements {@link AbstractQueuedSynchronizer#getWaitQueueLength(ConditionObject)}.
         *
         * @return the estimated number of waiting threads
         * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if {@link #isHeldExclusively}
         *         returns {@code false}
         */
        protected final int getWaitQueueLength() {
            if (!isHeldExclusively())
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            int n = 0;
            for (Node w = firstWaiter; w != null; w = w.nextWaiter) {
                if (w.waitStatus == Node.CONDITION)
                    ++n;
            }
            return n;
        }

        /**
         * 得到同步隊列當中所有在等待的Thread集合
         */
        protected final Collection<Thread> getWaitingThreads() {
            if (!isHeldExclusively())
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            ArrayList<Thread> list = new ArrayList<Thread>();
            for (Node w = firstWaiter; w != null; w = w.nextWaiter) {
                if (w.waitStatus == Node.CONDITION) {
                    Thread t = w.thread;
                    if (t != null)
                        list.add(t);
                }
            }
            return list;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Setup to support compareAndSet. We need to natively implement
     * this here: For the sake of permitting future enhancements, we
     * cannot explicitly subclass AtomicInteger, which would be
     * efficient and useful otherwise. So, as the lesser of evils, we
     * natively implement using hotspot intrinsics API. And while we
     * are at it, we do the same for other CASable fields (which could
     * otherwise be done with atomic field updaters).
     * unsafe魔法類，直接繞過虛擬機內存管理機制，修改內存
     */
    private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
    private static final long stateOffset;
    private static final long headOffset;
    private static final long tailOffset;
    private static final long waitStatusOffset;
    private static final long nextOffset;

    static {
        try {
            stateOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
                    (AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.class.getDeclaredField("state"));
            headOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
                    (AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.class.getDeclaredField("head"));
            tailOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
                    (AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.class.getDeclaredField("tail"));
            waitStatusOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
                    (Node.class.getDeclaredField("waitStatus"));
            nextOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
                    (Node.class.getDeclaredField("next"));

        } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Error(ex); }
    }

    /**
     * CAS 修改頭部節點指向. 並發入隊時使用.
     */
    private final boolean compareAndSetHead(Node update) {
        return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(this, headOffset, null, update);
    }

    /**
     * CAS 修改尾部節點指向. 並發入隊時使用.
     */
    private final boolean compareAndSetTail(Node expect, Node update) {
        return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(this, tailOffset, expect, update);
    }

    /**
     * CAS 修改信號量狀態.
     */
    private static final boolean compareAndSetWaitStatus(Node node,
                                                         int expect,
                                                         int update) {
        return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(node, waitStatusOffset,
                expect, update);
    }

    /**
     * 修改節點的后繼指針.
     */
    private static final boolean compareAndSetNext(Node node,
                                                   Node expect,
                                                   Node update) {
        return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(node, nextOffset, expect, update);
    }
}

View Code

AbstractOwnableSynchronizer.java

public abstract class AbstractOwnableSynchronizer implements java.io.Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3737899427754241961L;

    protected AbstractOwnableSynchronizer() { }
    /**
     * 獨占模式同步器的當前持有線程.
     * transient關鍵字表示屬性不參與序列化
     */
    private transient Thread exclusiveOwnerThread;

    protected final void setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread thread) {
        exclusiveOwnerThread = thread;
    }
    protected final Thread getExclusiveOwnerThread() {
        return exclusiveOwnerThread;
    }
}

View Code

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猜您在找 Synchronized&Lock&AQS詳解並發編程之：synchronized 並發編程之：Lock Spark入門到精通--（第二節）Scala編程詳解基礎語法高並發編程之synchronized 並發編程之：AQS源碼解析第二節：HttpEntity 與 ResponseEntity AQS詳解,並發編程的半壁江山 C#教程之自己動手寫映射第二節[實例] Java並發編程：synchronized、Lock、ReentrantLock以及ReadWriteLock的那些事兒

第二節: 並發編程之synchronized/Lock和AQS詳解

第一部分: synchronized

臨界資源

Java 中，提供了兩種方式來實現同步互斥訪問：synchronized 和 Lock同步器的本質就是加鎖

加鎖目的

JAVA鎖體系

JAVA線程生命狀態

synchronized原理詳解

加鎖的方式：

1. 同步實例方法 鎖是當前實例對象

2. 同步類方法 鎖是當前類對象

3. 同步代碼塊 鎖是括號里面的對象

synchronized不能跨方法保證原子性，那如何實現跨方法保證？ --- Unsafe類monitorenter和monitorexit來實現。

synchronized底層原理

問題:synchronized加鎖加在對象上，對象是如何記錄鎖狀態的呢？

對象的內存布局

JVM內置鎖在1.5之后版本做了重大的優化

逃逸分析

關閉逃逸分析：

打開逃逸分析：

鎖的升級過程拆分

第二部分: LOCK&AQS -- 如 獨占鎖：ReentrantLock 讀寫鎖:ReentrantReadWriterLock

AbstractQueuedSynchronizer(AQS) 同步框架器

問題 : 阻塞等待隊列，是如何實現的？ -- 通過魔術類 UnSafe.park() / UnSafe.unpark()

問題 : 公平和非公平鎖如何實現？

問題 : 共享鎖和獨占鎖如何區分的？

問題 : AQS定義兩種資源共享方式? --- 共享 和 獨占

AQS定義的兩種對列

常見各種鎖詳解：

源碼解析及中文解析：

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Java 中，提供了兩種方式來實現同步互斥訪問：synchronized 和 Lock
同步器的本質就是加鎖

1. 同步實例方法鎖是當前實例對象

2. 同步類方法鎖是當前類對象

3. 同步代碼塊鎖是括號里面的對象

第二部分: LOCK&AQS -- 如獨占鎖：ReentrantLock 讀寫鎖:ReentrantReadWriterLock

問題 : AQS定義兩種資源共享方式? --- 共享和獨占