c#利用HTTP發送SOAP請求,並解析包含命名空間前綴的xml數據

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1.soap簡介

soap是用於應用程序間的數據通訊服務，具有跨語言和跨平台的特點，是w3c的推薦標准之一，相比http，具有一定的安全性特點；

可以理解為是基於xml（可擴展標記語言）的http，soap=http+xml;

soap請求實例：

通過這個 http://www.thuwater.com/dataservice/datafetch.asmx；

調用地址進行一些服務方法的獲取。

以GetPlaceList方法為例，參照soap協議內容進行服務請求；

 以下是 SOAP 1.1 請求和響應示例。所顯示的占位符需替換為實際值。

POST /dataservice/datafetch.asmx HTTP/1.1
Host: 47.105.193.134
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length
SOAPAction: "http://tempuri.org/GetPlaceList"

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
  <soap:Body>
    <GetPlaceList xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">
      <userName>string</userName>
      <passwd>string</passwd>
    </GetPlaceList>
  </soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
  <soap:Body>
    <GetPlaceListResponse xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">
      <GetPlaceListResult>string</GetPlaceListResult>
    </GetPlaceListResponse>
  </soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>

以下是 SOAP 1.2 請求和響應示例。所顯示的占位符需替換為實際值。相比於SOAP1.1，請求中沒有SOAPAction: "http://tempuri.org/GetPlaceList"；

POST /dataservice/datafetch.asmx HTTP/1.1
Host: 47.105.193.134
Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
  <soap12:Body>
    <GetPlaceList xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">
      <userName>string</userName>
      <passwd>string</passwd>
    </GetPlaceList>
  </soap12:Body>
</soap12:Envelope>
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
  <soap12:Body>
    <GetPlaceListResponse xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">
      <GetPlaceListResult>string</GetPlaceListResult>
    </GetPlaceListResponse>
  </soap12:Body>
</soap12:Envelope>

利用soap進行數請求方法如下；

 public static string GetSOAPSourc()
            {
                  string result = "";
                  string responseString = "";
                  string requestBody =
                        @"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf - 8""?>
                          <soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi =""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"" xmlns:xsd =""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"" xmlns:soap12 =""http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"" >
                          <soap12:Body>
                          <GetPlaceList xmlns =""http://tempuri.org/"">
                          <userName>name</userName>
                          <passwd>passwd</passwd >
                           </GetPlaceList>
                           </soap12:Body>
                           </soap12:Envelope>";
                  byte[] postBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(requestBody);
                  HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://www.thuwater.com/dataservice/datafetch.asmx");
                  req.Method = "POST";
                  req.ContentType = "text/xml;charset=utf-8";
                  req.ContentLength = postBytes.Length;
                  using (Stream reqStream = req.GetRequestStream())
                  {
                        reqStream.Write(postBytes, 0, postBytes.Length);
                  }
                  using (HttpWebResponse myResponse = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponse())
                  {
                        StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(myResponse.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8);
                        responseString = sr.ReadToEnd();
                        try
                        {
                              XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();//新建對象
                              doc.LoadXml(responseString);//符合xml格式的字符串
                              dynamic obj = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(doc.InnerText);
                              string[] equipIds = new string[0];
                              var equipIdList=equipIds.ToList();
                              for (int i = 0; i < obj.Value.Count; i++) {
                                    equipIdList.Add(Convert.ToString(obj.Value[i].EquipID));
                              }
                              Console.WriteLine();
                           
                        }
                        catch (Exception e) 
                        {

                              return null;
                        }
                     
                  }
                  return result;

            }

說明：soap請求中，Content-Type 和ContentLength是必須的；請求的url地址就是獲取方法說明的地址；如果利用soap1.2,可以省略請求頭部的SOAPAction參數；返回的數據內容，即是前面示例中的相應內容；

2.帶有命名空間的xml元素標簽解析

命名空間就是為了區分相同元素標簽而添加的標識，一般是數據來源或者標准；

<root>

<h:table xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/">
<h:tr>
<h:td>Apples</h:td>
<h:td>Bananas</h:td>
</h:tr>
</h:table>

<f:table xmlns:f="http://www.w3cschool.cc/furniture">
<f:name>African Coffee Table</f:name>
<f:width>80</f:width>
<f:length>120</f:length>
</f:table>

</root>

還有以下默認的命名空間：

<table xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/">
<tr>
<td>Apples</td>
<td>Bananas</td>
</tr>
</table>

 

獲取的數據為xml字符串，需要轉為xml對象，需要進行解析；

 public static void test() {
                  //具有命名空間前綴的數據
                  string testStr =
                        @"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf - 8""?>
                        <soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi =""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"" xmlns:xsd =""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"" xmlns:soap12 =""http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"" >
                         <soap12:Body>
                          <GetPlaceList xmlns =""http://tempuri.org/"">
                          <userName>string</userName>
                         </GetPlaceList>
                         </soap12:Body>
                         </soap12:Envelope>";
                  //普通xml數據
                  string testStr1 =
                        @"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf - 8""?>
                         <Envelope>
                         <Body>
                         <GetPlaceList>
                        <userName>data20190070</userName>
                         <passwd>data20190070@0108</passwd >
                       </GetPlaceList>
                        </Body>
                        </Envelope>";

                   XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();//新建對象
                  doc.LoadXml(testStr);//符合xml格式的字符串
                  XmlNamespaceManager nsp = new XmlNamespaceManager(doc.NameTable);//添加默認命名空間名稱
                  nsp.AddNamespace("soap12", "http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope");//添加用到的命名空間
                  nsp.AddNamespace(string.Empty, "http://tempuri.org/");//默認的可以用string.Empty添加
                  XmlNode root = doc.DocumentElement;//找到根節點，這root就是soap12:Envelope節點了，下面的請求路徑不用再添加soap12:Envelope
                  string nodeString = "soap12:Body/GetPlaceList";//讀取節點路徑;這里GetPlaceList節點讀取不到，是有問題，還在探索中。。。
                  XmlNodeList nodeList = root.SelectNodes(nodeString, nsp);//讀取節點（從root開始讀，不是從doc；如果從doc,要加上soap12:Envelope/），如果是有命名空間前綴的，需要添加命名空間



                  XmlDocument doc1 = new XmlDocument();//新建對象
                  doc1.LoadXml(testStr1);//符合xml格式的字符串
                  string nodeString1 = "soap12:Envelope/soap12:Body/GetPlaceList";//讀取節點路徑;這里GetPlaceList節點讀取不到，是有問題，還在探索中。。。
                  XmlNodeList nodeList1 = doc1.SelectNodes(nodeString1);//讀取節點，如果是有命名空間前綴的，需要添加命名空間;這里直接從doc開始讀

                  Console.WriteLine();
                 
            }

及時整理；慢慢積累；

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