環境篇：Virtualbox+Vagrant安裝Centos7

1 安裝Vagrant

Vagrant下載地址：https://www.vagrantup.com/

Vagrant百度網盤：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1jqnMml024niqWQPbrGVuJw提取碼：xv8h

傻瓜安裝即可

vagrant -v 查看版本

2 下載virtualbox.box鏡像

virtualbox.box百度網盤：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1EBrysc13fd0qf9EbT5rKdw提取碼：1dk4

3 安裝Virtualbox

virtualbox下載地址：https://www.virtualbox.org

virtualbox百度網盤：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1InyLZ-8Zmjuj7Qyk0Qg1Uw提取碼：ewty

傻瓜安裝即可，注意和Vagrant有版本兼容問題

4 安裝centos7

4.1 添加本地centos/7鏡像

找到下載好的virtualbox.box文件目錄

使用vagrant box add centos/7 C:\Users\SMZC\Desktop\virtualbox\virtualbox.box添加vagrant鏡像

使用vagrant box list查詢鏡像

4.2 創建虛擬機環境

1. 新建一個文件夾，並進入命令行cmd

2. 使用vagrant init命令

3. 修改Vagrantfile文件

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
  #拉取鏡像centos/7
  config.vm.box = "centos/7"

  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  # config.vm.box_check_update = false

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
  #采用橋接網絡,共享主機網絡
  config.vm.network "public_network"
  
  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
  # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"

  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network.
  # config.vm.network "public_network"

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  # Example for VirtualBox:
  #
  # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  #   vb.gui = true
  #
  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  #   vb.memory = "1024"
  # end
  #虛擬機名字heaton-centos7，內存，核數
    config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
      vb.memory = "4096"
      vb.name= "heaton-centos7"
      vb.cpus= 2
    end
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.

  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   apt-get update
  #   apt-get install -y apache2
  # SHELL
end

4. 在Vagrantfile文件命令行目錄，使用命令vagrant up創建啟動虛擬機

4.3 修改root密碼

1. 使用vagrant ssh 命令進入剛剛創建的虛擬機

2. 使用sudo -i 命令進入root用戶

3. 使用vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config命令修改sshd_config使root用戶可以使用密碼登錄

PasswordAuthentication yes 

4. 使用passwd設置密碼

5. 使用systemctl restart sshd重啟密碼服務
6. 使用ip add查看ip即可使用遠程工具登錄root用戶

5 復制虛擬機

1. 關閉需要復制的虛擬機

2. 進入虛擬機所在目錄

vagrant package --output heaton-centos7.box	

3. 將上面得到的heaton-centos7.box文件添加進vagrant鏡像中

vagrant box add heaton-centos77 heaton-centos7.box	

4. 進入一個新目錄，生成新的虛擬機Vagrantfile

vagrant init heaton-centos77

5. 啟動，則得到一個一模一樣的虛擬機（注意修改網絡）

vagrant up

6 一次性創建多台centos7

6.1 添加本地centos/7鏡像

找到下載好的virtualbox.box文件目錄

使用vagrant box add centos/7 C:\Users\SMZC\Desktop\virtualbox\virtualbox.box添加vagrant鏡像

使用vagrant box list查詢鏡像

6.2 創建虛擬機環境

1. 新建一個文件夾，並進入命令行cmd

2. 使用type nul>Vagrantfile命令創建Vagrantfile文件

3. 修改Vagrantfile文件

• 先查詢本機ip記住前三段，需要在Vagrantfile中指定
• 以下是創建3台的Vagrantfile

boxes = [
	{
		:name => "master",
		:eth1 => "192.168.192.10",
		:mem => "2048",
		:cpu => "2",
		:sshport => 22230
	},
	{
		:name => "slave1",
		:eth1 => "192.168.192.11",
		:mem => "2048",
		:cpu => "2",
		:sshport => 22231
	},
	{
		:name => "slave2",
		:eth1 => "192.168.192.12",
		:mem => "2048",
		:cpu => "2",
		:sshport => 22232
	}
]
Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
	config.vm.box = "centos/7"
	boxes.each do |opts|
		config.vm.define opts[:name] do |config|
			config.vm.hostname = opts[:name]
			config.vm.network :public_network, ip: opts[:eth1]
			config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 22, host: 2222, id: "ssh", disabled: "true"
		config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 22, host: opts[:sshport]
			config.vm.provider "vmware_fusion" do |v|
				v.vmx["memsize"] = opts[:mem]
				v.vmx["numvcpus"] = opts[:cpu]
			end
			config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
				v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--memory", opts[:mem]]
			v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--cpus", opts[:cpu]]
				v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--name", opts[:name]]
			end
		end
	end
end

4. 在Vagrantfile文件命令行目錄，使用命令vagrant up創建啟動虛擬機

6.3 修改root密碼

1. 使用命令進入剛剛創建的虛擬機，如下為上面創建的3台虛擬機，可以選擇多開cmd，或者依次處理。

   • vagrant ssh master
   • vagrant ssh slave1
   • vagrant ssh slave2

2. 使用sudo -i 命令進入root用戶

3. 使用vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config命令修改sshd_config文件，使root用戶可以使用密碼登錄

PasswordAuthentication yes 

4. 使用passwd設置密碼

5. 使用systemctl restart sshd重啟密碼服務
6. 即可使用遠程工具登錄Vagrantfile上指定ip的root用戶。