微信登錄-Java后端


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1.背景:現在很多app或者網站都想要接入微信登錄,可以使用戶不需要注冊就能快速使用APP或網站。

2.微信登錄需要一些前置操作

  2.1 搜索:微信開放平台 鏈接:https://open.weixin.qq.com/

  2.2 注冊成功,獲取到開發所需要的appID和appsecret

  

 

 3.微信的登錄的交互流程

  3.1 微信用戶首先向第三APP請求登錄 

  3.2 第三APP彈出一個二維碼(這個二維碼可以由客戶端或者H5去做),用戶掃描二維(請求微信Oauth2.0授權登錄)

  3.3 app彈出一個確認登錄的頁面(微信平台請求用戶確認)

  3.4 用戶點擊確認

  3.5 微信公眾平台拉起第三方或者重定向到第三方,帶上授權臨時票據code(前端或者客戶端的工作,前端把回調地址放在3.2步驟的,或者在公眾平台配置)

  3.6 請求到服務端:服務端需要把code、appId、appscret作為參數,在程序內部調起微信接口,獲取到access_token和openId

     

  3.7 獲取到用戶的access_token和openId后就可以獲取到用戶的微信信息了

    

 

 

   3.8 獲取到用戶unionId后,后端進行存儲,為該用戶生成一條用戶信息,用戶登錄成功,后端可以重定向到前端某一個登錄的頁面,也可以讓前端,根據返回值進行跳              轉

   3.9 登錄成功后的操作,前端請求后端接口時把unionId帶上,后端根據unionId,確定,當前用戶unionId,找到用戶在自己APP的ID

4. 附上完整代碼:

  HTTPClient:maven 依賴

 

<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.3.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
<version>4.3.6</version>
</dependency>

  1 package com.example.student.project.controller;
  2 
  3 import com.example.student.project.domain.WXUserInfoData;
  4 import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
  5 import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
  6 import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
  7 import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
  8 import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
  9 import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
 10 import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
 11 import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
 12 import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
 13 import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
 14 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 15 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 16 import org.springframework.boot.configurationprocessor.json.JSONException;
 17 import org.springframework.boot.configurationprocessor.json.JSONObject;
 18 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
 19 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 20 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
 21 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
 22 
 23 import java.io.IOException;
 24 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
 25 import java.net.URLEncoder;
 26 import java.nio.charset.Charset;
 27 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 28 import java.util.Map;
 29 
 30 @Controller
 31 @RequestMapping(value = "/CourtSystem")
 32 public class WeiXinLoginController {
 33 
 34     private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WeiXinLoginController.class);
 35 
 36     public static final String WX_AUTH_LOGIN_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token";
 37     public static final String WX_USERINFO_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo";
 38     //appid和appSecret 是在公眾平台上申請的
 39     //AppId:應用唯一標識,在微信開放平台提交應用審核通過后獲得
 40     public static final String WX_APP_ID = "wx9ecd6f7******";
 41     //AppSecret:應用密鑰AppSecret,在微信開放平台提交應用審核通過后獲得
 42     public static final String WX_APP_KEY = "c1bf387181aaf6e5ff********";
 43 
 44 
 45     /**
 46      * 第三方微信登錄
 47      * @param code  客戶端返回的code
 48      * @return
 49      */
 50     @RequestMapping(value = "/checkLogin", method = RequestMethod.POST)
 51     @ResponseBody
 52     public WXUserInfoData checkLogin(String code) throws JSONException {
 53         //通過code獲取access_token
 54         //String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=APPID&secret=SECRET&code=CODE&grant_type=authorization_code"
 55         StringBuffer loginUrl = new StringBuffer();
 56         //url拼接
 57         // WX_AUTH_LOGIN_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token"
 58         //AppId:應用唯一標識,在微信開放平台提交應用審核通過后獲得
 59         //WX_APP_ID = "wx9ecd6f7******";
 60         //AppSecret:應用密鑰AppSecret,在微信開放平台提交應用審核通過后獲得
 61         //WX_APP_KEY = "c1bf387181aaf6e5ff********";
 62         loginUrl.append(WX_AUTH_LOGIN_URL).append("?appid=")  //AppId
 63                 .append(WX_APP_ID).append("&secret=")  //AppSecret
 64                 .append(WX_APP_KEY).append("&code=").append(code)  //填寫第二步獲取的code參數
 65                 .append("&grant_type=authorization_code");  //填authorization_code(固定,來自於官方文檔)
 66         String loginRet = get(loginUrl.toString());
 67         JSONObject grantObj = new JSONObject(loginRet);
 68         String errcode = grantObj.optString("errcode");
 69         if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(errcode))
 70         {
 71             logger.error("login weixin error"+loginRet);
 72             return null;
 73         }
 74         String openId = grantObj.optString("openid");
 75         if (StringUtils.isEmpty(openId))
 76         {
 77             logger.error("login weixin getOpenId error"+loginRet);
 78             return null;
 79         }
 80 
 81         String accessToken = grantObj.optString("access_token");  //接口調用憑證
 82         String expiresIn = grantObj.optString("expires_in");  // access_token接口調用憑證超時時間,單位(秒)
 83         String refreshToken = grantObj.optString("refresh_token");  //用戶刷新access_token
 84         String scope = grantObj.optString("scope");  //用戶授權的作用域,使用逗號(,)分隔
 85 
 86         //通過access_token獲取用戶微信信息
 87         StringBuffer userUrl = new StringBuffer();
 88         // String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID";
 89         // 第三步獲取的access_token ; OPENID:第三步獲取的openId
 90         //WX_USERINFO_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo"
 91         userUrl.append(WX_USERINFO_URL).append("?access_token=").append(accessToken).append("&openid=").append(openId);
 92         String userRet = get(userUrl.toString());
 93         JSONObject userObj = new JSONObject(userRet);
 94         WXUserInfoData userInfo = new WXUserInfoData();
 95         userInfo.setOpenId(openId);  // 用戶標識
 96         userInfo.setAuthToken(accessToken);
 97         userInfo.setAuthRefreshToken(refreshToken);  // 專用於刷新access token的token
 98         userInfo.setScope(scope);  //    scope:權限
 99         userInfo.setExpiresIn(Integer.valueOf(expiresIn));
100         String nickname = userObj.optString("nickname");  // 用戶昵稱
101         String sex = userObj.optString("sex");  // 1男,2女,0未知
102         String userImg = userObj.optString("headimgurl");  //頭像鏈接
103         String unionid = userObj.optString("unionid");  //全局唯一標識
104         userInfo.setName(nickname);
105         userInfo.setIcon(userImg);
106         userInfo.setGender(sex);
107         userInfo.setLoginId(unionid);
108         return userInfo;
109     }
110 
111 
112     public static String get(String url) {
113         String body = null;
114         try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build()) {
115             logger.info("create httppost:" + url);
116             HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);
117             get.addHeader("Accept-Charset","utf-8");
118             HttpResponse response = sendRequest(httpClient, get);
119             body = parseResponse(response);
120         } catch (IOException e) {
121             logger.error("send post request failed: {}", e.getMessage());
122         }
123 
124         return body;
125     }
126 
127     private static String paramsToString(Map<String, String> params) {
128         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
129         try{
130             for (String key : params.keySet()) {
131                 sb.append(String.format("&%s=%s", key, URLEncoder.encode(params.get(key), StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString())));
132             }
133         }catch(UnsupportedEncodingException e){
134             logger.warn("{}: encode url parameters failed", e.getMessage());
135         }
136         return sb.length() > 0 ? "?".concat(sb.substring(1)) : "";
137     }
138 
139     private static HttpResponse sendRequest(CloseableHttpClient httpclient, HttpUriRequest httpost)
140             throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
141         HttpResponse response = null;
142         response = httpclient.execute(httpost);
143         return response;
144     }
145 
146     private static String parseResponse(HttpResponse response) {
147         logger.info("get response from http server..");
148         HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
149 
150         logger.info("response status: " + response.getStatusLine());
151         Charset charset = ContentType.getOrDefault(entity).getCharset();
152         if (charset != null) {
153             logger.info(charset.name());
154         }
155 
156         String body = null;
157         try {
158             body = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
159             logger.info("body " + body);
160         } catch (IOException e) {
161             logger.warn("{}: cannot parse the entity", e.getMessage());
162         }
163 
164         return body;
165     }
166 
167 
168 }
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