Python PyWin32 模塊

Python的生產效率極高，通過使用pypiwin32模塊可以快速調用windows API函數，結合Python的高效開發能力，同等時間內比C++能更快的達到目標，pypiwin32模塊封裝了Win32下的常用定義，函數方法等。

該項目地址是：https://github.com/mhammond/pywin32

在Python安裝路徑下\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\Lib\site-packages 有幫助文檔：PyWin32.chm

文件類API在模塊win32file中，進程類API在模塊win32process中，win32con定義了所有的常量，，一些難以分類的API則在模塊win32api中（大部分是kernel32.dll導出的API）

ctypes 調用C庫printf打印輸出

>>> import ctypes
>>> # cdll = cdecl標准 windll = stdcall標准 linux則是調用 libc.so.6
>>> msvcrt = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary("C:\WINDOWS\system32\msvcrt.dll")
>>> msvcrt = ctypes.cdll.msvcrt
>>>
>>> string = "hello lyshark\n"
>>> string = string.encode("utf-8")
>>> msvcrt.printf(string)
hello lyshark
14

ctypes 調用messagebox輸出:

>>> from ctypes import *
>>> user32 = windll.LoadLibrary("user32.dll")
>>> string = "Hello lyshark\n"
>>> string = string.encode("utf-8")
>>>
>>>user32.MessageBoxA(0,string,"ctypes".encode("utf-8"),0)
>>>
>>>user32 = windll.LoadLibrary("user32.dll")
>>>MessageBox = user32.MessageBoxA
>>>print(MessageBox(0,"hello lyshark".encode("utf-8"),"msgbox".encode("utf-8"),0))

ctypes 調用 kernel32

>>> kernel32 = windll.LoadLibrary("kernel32.dll")
>>> CreateProcess = kernel32.CreateProcessA
>>> ReadProcessMemory = kernel32.ReadProcessMemory

ctypes 聲明結構體

from ctypes import *

class MyStruct(Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("username",c_char*10),
        ("age",c_int),
        ("sex",c_long)
    ]
class MyUnion(Union):
    _fields_ = [
        ("a_long",c_long),
        ("a_int",c_int),
        ("a_char",c_char*10)
    ]

MyStruct.username = "lyshark"
MyStruct.age = 22

print(MyStruct.username)

pywin32常用使用方式

>>> import win32api
>>> import win32con
>>>
>>> win32api.MessageBox(0,"hello lyshark","Msgbox",win32con.MB_OK)
1
>>> import win32process
# 打開記事本程序，獲得其句柄
>>> handle = win32process.CreateProcess('c:\\windows\\notepad.exe',
'', None , None , 0 ,win32process. CREATE_NO_WINDOW , None , None ,
win32process.STARTUPINFO())
# 使用TerminateProcess函數終止記事本程序
>>> win32process.TerminateProcess(handle[0],0)

>>> import win32event
# 創建進程獲得句柄
>>> handle = win32process.CreateProcess('c:\\windows\\notepad.exe',
'', None , None , 0 ,win32process. CREATE_NO_WINDOW , None , None ,
win32process.STARTUPINFO())
# 等待進程結束
>>> win32event.WaitForSingleObject(handle[0], -1)
0 # 進程結束的返回值

>>> import win32api
# 打開記事本程序，在后台運行，即顯示記事本程序的窗口
>>> win32api.ShellExecute(0, 'open', 'notepad.exe', '','',0)

鼠標控制

import win32gui
import win32api

獲取句柄
hwnd = win32gui.FindWindow(classname, titlename)

獲取窗口左上角和右下角坐標
left, top, right, bottom = win32gui.GetWindowRect(hwnd)

獲取某個句柄的類名和標題
title = win32gui.GetWindowText(hwnd)     
clsname = win32gui.GetClassName(hwnd)     

獲取父句柄hwnd類名為clsname的子句柄
hwnd1= win32gui.FindWindowEx(hwnd, None, clsname, None)

獲取位置
win32api.GetCursorPos()

鼠標定位到(30,50)
win32api.SetCursorPos([30,150])

執行左單鍵擊，若需要雙擊則延時幾毫秒再點擊一次即可
win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP | win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, 0, 0, 0, 0)

右鍵單擊
win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTUP | win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTDOWN, 0, 0, 0, 0)

發送回車鍵
win32api.keybd_event(13,0,0,0)
win32api.keybd_event(13,0,win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP,0)

關閉窗口
win32gui.PostMessage(win32lib.findWindow(classname, titlename), win32con.WM_CLOSE, 0, 0)

鼠標左右鍵判斷

import win32api
import win32con
b = (0,0)

# win32api.GetAsyncKeyState(win32con.VK_LMENU)

# VK_LBUTTON 鼠標左鍵
# VK_RBUTTON 鼠標右鍵
# https://baike.baidu.com/item/GetAsyncKeyState/918387?fr=aladdin

for i in range(100):
    a =  win32api.GetCursorPos()
    if a != b:
        b = a
        print(a)
    else:
        print("xx")
    time.sleep(1)

將上面代碼有趣的組合在一起，可以搞事情了，部分片段。

def Write_Dictionaries(LogName,Dict):
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
                    format = "%(asctime)s --> %(message)s",
                    datefmt = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
                    filename = LogName,
                    filemode = "a+")
    logging.info(str(Dict))
    
def RecordingScript(LogName,Sleep):
    temp = (0,0)
    mose = {"Pos_x":0, "Pos_y":0, "MouseL":0, "MouseR":0}
    while True:
        Position =  win32api.GetCursorPos()
        MouseLeft = win32api.GetAsyncKeyState(win32con.VK_LBUTTON)
        MouseRight = win32api.GetAsyncKeyState(win32con.VK_RBUTTON)
        
        if Position != temp or MouseLeft!=0 or MouseRight!=0:
            temp = Position
            mose["Pos_x"] = Position[0]
            mose["Pos_y"] = Position[1]
            mose["MouseL"] = MouseLeft
            mose["MouseR"] = MouseRight
            Write_Dictionaries(LogName,mose)
        time.sleep(int(Sleep))

def writelog():
    with open("aaa.log","r",encoding="utf-8") as fp:
        b = [ item.split(" --> ")[1] for item in fp.readlines()]
        for i in b:
            dic = eval(i.replace("\n",""))
            win32api.SetCursorPos(bos)
            print("坐標:{}".format(bos))

遍歷進程模塊： 便利進程的模塊

import os,sys
import win32api
import win32con
import win32process

handle   = win32api.OpenProcess(win32con.PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, False, pid ===> 10992 )
hModule  = win32process.EnumProcessModules(handle)
temp=[]
for i in hModule:
    print(win32process.GetModuleFileNameEx(handle,i))
win32api.CloseHandle(handle)

調用createprocess:

CreateProcess調用

appName：可執行的文件名。 
commandLine：命令行參數。 
processAttributes：進程安全屬性，如果為None，則為默認的安全屬性。 
threadAttributes：線程安全屬性，如果為None，則為默認的安全屬性。 
bInheritHandles：繼承標志。 
dwCreationFlags：創建標志。 
newEnvironment：創建進程的環境變量。 
currentDirectory：進程的當前目錄。 
startupinfo ：創建進程的屬性。 

WaitForSingleObject(handle, milisecond)

handle     : 要操作的進程句柄
milisecond: 等待的時間,如果為-1,則一直等待.

>>> import win32process
>>> handle=win32process.CreateProcess("d://run.exe", '', None , None , 0 ,win32process.CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE , None , None ,win32process.STARTUPINFO())
>>> win32event.WaitForSingleObject(handle[0],2)

枚舉部分進程模塊

import win32process
import win32api
import win32con
from ctypes import *
import ctypes

def GetProcessModules( pid ):
    handle   = win32api.OpenProcess(win32con.PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, False, pid )
    hModule  = win32process.EnumProcessModules(handle)
    temp=[]
    for i in hModule:
        temp.append([hex(i),win32process.GetModuleFileNameEx(handle,i)])
    win32api.CloseHandle(handle)
    return temp

temp = GetProcessModules(5852)
for x in temp:
    print("[+] 模塊地址: {} ------> 模塊名稱: {}".format(x[0],x[1]))

取出進程PID

    handle = win32gui.FindWindow(0,ClassName)
    threadpid, procpid = win32process.GetWindowThreadProcessId(handle)
    ProcessModule = GetProcessModules(int(procpid))

枚舉所有窗口句柄

import win32gui

hwnd_title = dict()
def get_all_hwnd(hwnd,mouse):
    if win32gui.IsWindow(hwnd) and win32gui.IsWindowEnabled(hwnd) and win32gui.IsWindowVisible(hwnd):
        hwnd_title.update({hwnd:win32gui.GetWindowText(hwnd)})

win32gui.EnumWindows(get_all_hwnd, 0)
for h,t in hwnd_title.items():
    print(h, t)

shellexec 打開網頁或文件

win32api.ShellExecute(None, "open", "C:\\Test.txt", None, None, SW_SHOWNORMAL)  # 打開C:\Test.txt 文件
win32api.ShellExecute(None, "open", "http:#www.google.com", None, None, SW_SHOWNORMAL)  # 打開網頁www.google.com
win32api.ShellExecute(None, "explore", "D:\\C++", None, None, SW_SHOWNORMAL)  # 打開目錄D:\C++
win32api.ShellExecute(None, "print", "C:\\Test.txt", None, None, SW_HIDE)  # 打印文件C:\Test.txt
win32api.ShellExecute(None,"open", "mailto:", None, None, SW_SHOWNORMAL)  # 打開郵箱
win32api.ShellExecute(None, "open", "calc.exe", None, None, SW_SHOWNORMAL)  # 調用計算器
win32api.ShellExecute(None, "open", "NOTEPAD.EXE", None, None, SW_SHOWNORMAL)  # 調用記事本

窗口句柄操作： 代碼來自：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/76168918

import time
import win32gui
import win32api
import win32con

"""
該類實現了:查找(定位)句柄信息，菜單信息
"""
class HandleMenu(object):

    def __init__(self, cls_name=None, title=None):
        
        self.handle = win32gui.FindWindow(cls_name, title)
        self.window_list = []

    def call_back(self, sub_handle, sub_handles):  # Edit 20de0
        """遍歷子窗體"""

        title = win32gui.GetWindowText(sub_handle)
        cls_name = win32gui.GetClassName(sub_handle)
        print(title, '+', cls_name)

        position = win32gui.GetWindowRect(sub_handle)
        aim_point = round(position[0] + (position[2] - position[0]) / 2), round(
            position[1] + (position[3] - position[1]) / 2)
        win32api.SetCursorPos(aim_point)
        time.sleep(1)

        # 鼠標點擊
        # win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, 0, 0)
        # time.sleep(0.05)
        # win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, 0, 0)
        # time.sleep(0.05)
        # ComboBox - ---------
        # Edit - ---------
        if cls_name == 'ComboBox':
            win32gui.SendMessage(sub_handle, win32con.WM_SETTEXT, None, '902723')
            time.sleep(1)
        sub_handles.append({'cls_name': cls_name, 'title': title})

        return True

    def get_sub_handles(self):
        """通過父句柄獲取子句柄"""

        sub_handles = []
        win32gui.EnumChildWindows(self.handle, self.call_back, sub_handles)
        print(sub_handles)
        return sub_handles

    def get_menu_text(self, menu, idx):
        import win32gui_struct
        mii, extra = win32gui_struct.EmptyMENUITEMINFO()  # 新建一個win32gui的空的結構體mii
        win32gui.GetMenuItemInfo(menu, idx, True, mii)  # 將子菜單內容獲取到mii
        ftype, fstate, wid, hsubmenu, hbmpchecked, hbmpunchecked, \
        dwitemdata, text, hbmpitem = win32gui_struct.UnpackMENUITEMINFO(mii)  # 解包mii
        return text

    def get_menu(self):
        """menu操作（記事本）"""

        menu = win32gui.GetMenu(self.handle)
        menu1 = win32gui.GetSubMenu(menu, 0)  # 第幾個菜單 0-第一個
        cmd_ID = win32gui.GetMenuItemID(menu1, 3)  # 第幾個子菜單
        win32gui.PostMessage(self.handle, win32con.WM_COMMAND, cmd_ID, 0)
        menu_text1 = [self.get_menu_text(menu, i) for i in range(5)]
        menu_text2 = [self.get_menu_text(menu1, i) for i in range(9)]

        print(menu_text1)
        print(menu_text2)

    def get_all_window_info(self, hwnd, nouse):

        # 去掉下面這句就所有都輸出了，但是我不需要那么多
        if win32gui.IsWindow(hwnd) and win32gui.IsWindowEnabled(hwnd) and win32gui.IsWindowVisible(hwnd):
            # 設置為最前窗口
            win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(hwnd)
            # 獲取某個句柄的標題和類名
            title = win32gui.GetWindowText(hwnd)
            cls_name = win32gui.GetClassName(hwnd)
            d = {'類名': cls_name, '標題': title}
            info = win32gui.GetWindowRect(hwnd)
            aim_point = round(info[0] + (info[2] - info[0]) / 2), round(info[1] + (info[3] - info[1]) / 2)
            win32api.SetCursorPos(aim_point)
            time.sleep(2)
            self.window_list.append(d)

    def get_all_windows(self):
        """獲取所有活動窗口的類名、標題"""
        win32gui.EnumWindows(self.get_all_window_info, 0)
        return self.window_list

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 1.通過父句柄獲取子句柄
    # hm=HandleMenu(title='另存為')
    # hm.get_sub_handles()
    # 2.menu操作
    # hm=HandleMenu(title='aa - 記事本')
    # hm.get_menu()
    # 3.獲取所有活動窗口的類名、標題
    hm = HandleMenu()
    hm.get_all_windows()

鼠標操作 ：

import win32api
import win32gui
import win32con
import win32print
import time

# 1 獲取句柄
# 1.1 通過坐標獲取窗口句柄
handle = win32gui.WindowFromPoint(win32api.GetCursorPos())  # (259, 185)
# 1.2 獲取最前窗口句柄
handle = win32gui.GetForegroundWindow()
# 1.3 通過類名或查標題找窗口
handle = win32gui.FindWindow('cls_name', "title")
# 1.4 找子窗體
sub_handle = win32gui.FindWindowEx(handle, None, 'Edit', None)  # 子窗口類名叫“Edit”

# 句柄操作
title = win32gui.GetWindowText(handle)
cls_name = win32gui.GetClassName(handle)
print({'類名': cls_name, '標題': title})
# 獲取窗口位置
info = win32gui.GetWindowRect(handle)
# 設置為最前窗口
win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(handle)

# 2.按鍵-看鍵盤碼
# 獲取鼠標當前位置的坐標
cursor_pos = win32api.GetCursorPos()
# 將鼠標移動到坐標處
win32api.SetCursorPos((200, 200))
# 回車
win32api.keybd_event(13, 0, win32con.KEYEVENTF_EXTENDEDKEY, 0)
win32api.keybd_event(13, 0, win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0)
# 左單鍵擊
win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP | win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, 0, 0, 0, 0)
# 右鍵單擊
win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTUP | win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTDOWN, 0, 0, 0, 0)
# 鼠標左鍵按下-放開
win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, 0, 0, 0, 0)
win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, 0, 0, 0, 0)
# 鼠標右鍵按下-放開
win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, 0, 0, 0, 0)
win32api.mouse_event(win32con.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, 0, 0, 0, 0)
# TAB鍵
win32api.keybd_event(win32con.VK_TAB, 0, 0, 0)
win32api.keybd_event(win32con.VK_TAB, 0, win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0)
# 快捷鍵Alt+F
win32api.keybd_event(18, 0, 0, 0)  # Alt
win32api.keybd_event(70, 0, 0, 0)  # F
win32api.keybd_event(70, 0, win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0)  # 釋放按鍵
win32api.keybd_event(18, 0, win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0)

# 3.Message
win = win32gui.FindWindow('Notepad', None)
tid = win32gui.FindWindowEx(win, None, 'Edit', None)
# 輸入文本
win32gui.SendMessage(tid, win32con.WM_SETTEXT, None, '你好hello word!')
# 確定
win32gui.SendMessage(handle, win32con.WM_COMMAND, 1, btnhld)
# 關閉窗口
win32gui.PostMessage(win32gui.FindWindow('Notepad', None), win32con.WM_CLOSE, 0, 0)
# 回車
win32gui.PostMessage(tid, win32con.WM_KEYDOWN, win32con.VK_RETURN, 0)  # 插入一個回車符,post 沒有返回值，執行完馬上返回
win32gui.PostMessage(tid, win32con.WM_KEYDOWN, win32con.VK_RETURN, 0)
print("%x" % win)
print("%x" % tid)
# 選項框
res = win32api.MessageBox(None, "Hello Pywin32", "pywin32", win32con.MB_YESNOCANCEL)
print(res)
win32api.MessageBox(0, "Hello PYwin32", "MessageBox", win32con.MB_OK | win32con.MB_ICONWARNING)  # 加警告標志

針對PDF處理：

from win32con import SW_HIDE, SW_SHOWNORMAL

for fn in ['2.txt', '3.txt']:
    print(fn)
    res = win32api.ShellExecute(0,  # 指定父窗口句柄

                                'print',  # 指定動作, 譬如: open、print、edit、explore、find

                                fn,  # 指定要打開的文件或程序

                                win32print.GetDefaultPrinter(),
                                # 給要打開的程序指定參數;GetDefaultPrinter　　取得默認打印機名稱 <type 'str'>,GetDefaultPrinterW　　取得默認打印機名稱 <type 'unicode'>

                                "./downloads/",  # 目錄路徑

                                SW_SHOWNORMAL)  # 打開選項,SW_HIDE = 0; {隱藏},SW_SHOWNORMAL = 1; {用最近的大小和位置顯示, 激活}
    print(res)  # 返回值大於32表示執行成功,返回值小於32表示執行錯誤

# 打印 -pdf
def print_pdf(pdf_file_name):
    """
    靜默打印pdf
    :param pdf_file_name:
    :return:
    """
    # GSPRINT_PATH = resource_path + 'GSPRINT\\gsprint'
    GHOSTSCRIPT_PATH = resource_path + 'GHOSTSCRIPT\\bin\\gswin32c' # gswin32c.exe
    currentprinter = config.printerName # "printerName":"FUJI XEROX ApeosPort-VI C3370\""
    currentprinter = win32print.GetDefaultPrinter()
    arg = '-dPrinted ' \
          '-dBATCH ' \
          '-dNOPAUSE ' \
          '-dNOSAFER ' \
          '-dFitPage ' \
          '-dNORANGEPAGESIZE ' \
          '-q ' \
          '-dNumCopies=1 ' \
          '-sDEVICE=mswinpr2 ' \
          '-sOutputFile="\\\\spool\\' \
          + currentprinter + " " + \
          pdf_file_name
    log.info(arg)
    win32api.ShellExecute(
        0,
        'open',
        GHOSTSCRIPT_PATH,
        arg,
        ".",
        0
    )
    # os.remove(pdf_file_name)

截屏：

from PIL import ImageGrab
# 利用PIL截屏
im = ImageGrab.grab()
im.save('aa.jpg')

# 5.文件的讀寫
import win32file, win32api, win32con
import os

def SimpleFileDemo():
    testName = os.path.join(win32api.GetTempPath(), "opt_win_file.txt")

    if os.path.exists(testName):
        os.unlink(testName)  # os.unlink() 方法用於刪除文件,如果文件是一個目錄則返回一個錯誤。
    # 寫
    handle = win32file.CreateFile(testName,
                                  win32file.GENERIC_WRITE,
                                  0,
                                  None,
                                  win32con.CREATE_NEW,
                                  0,
                                  None)
    test_data = "Hello\0there".encode("ascii")
    win32file.WriteFile(handle, test_data)
    handle.Close()
    # 讀
    handle = win32file.CreateFile(testName, win32file.GENERIC_READ, 0, None, win32con.OPEN_EXISTING, 0, None)
    rc, data = win32file.ReadFile(handle, 1024)
    handle.Close()  # 此處也可使用win32file.CloseHandle(handle)來關閉句柄
    if data == test_data:
        print("Successfully wrote and read a file")
    else:
        raise Exception("Got different data back???")
    os.unlink(testName)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    SimpleFileDemo()
    # print(win32api.GetTempPath())  # 獲取臨時文件夾路徑