HttpClient,okhttp,Jodd-http 使用上的差異

http作為最常用的網絡請求方式，用來交換數據，不同的http客戶端，性能使用方式都有所差別，本文將對HttpClient,okhttp,Jodd-http三者的put，post請求方式做一個對比。

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.jodd</groupId>
            <artifactId>jodd-http</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.squareup.okhttp3/okhttp -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
            <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
            <version>4.4.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.12</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.62</version>
        </dependency>
        

Apache HttpClient

　　發送請求主要分為以下幾步：

1. 創建 CloseableHttpClient對象/CloseableHttpAsyncClient對象，前者同步，后者異步
2. 創建具體的Http請求對象，例如HttpGet，HttpPost
3. 調用execute方法執行請求，如果是異步請求在執行之前需調用start方法

get請求

    @Test
    public void testApacheHttpGet(String url) throws IOException {
        //設置超時時間
        RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.custom()
                .setConnectTimeout(60 * 1000)       //連接超時時間
                .setSocketTimeout(60 * 1000)     //從服務器獲取響應數據的超時時間
                .build();
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
        httpGet.setConfig(config);
        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpGet);
        System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
    }

post請求：

    @Test
    public void testApacheHttpPost(String url) throws IOException {
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");
        httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(new JSONObject().toString()));  //設置請求體
        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);
        System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
    }

okhttp

　　發送請求主要分為以下幾步：

1. 創建OkHttpClient對象
2. 創建Request對象
3. 將Request 對象封裝為Call
4. 通過Call 來執行同步或異步請求，調用execute方法同步執行，調用enqueue方法異步執行

get請求：

    @Test
    public void testOkHttpGet(String url) throws IOException { Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .get() .build(); Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request); Response response = call.execute(); System.out.println(response.body().toString()); }

post請求：

    @Test
    public void testOkHttpPost(String url) throws IOException { JSONObject json = new JSONObject(); RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"),String.valueOf(json)); Request build = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .post(body) .header("Content-Type","application/json;charset=utf8") .build(); Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(build); Response response = call.execute(); String string = response.body().string(); }

設置超時

        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
                .connectTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//設置連接超時時間
                .readTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//設置讀取超時時間
                .build();

對client設置超時，意味着所有請求方式都將采取此種超時設置。

Jodd-http

　　Jodd提供的一個輕量級、原生的的http客戶端，使用起來很簡單、方便。

get請求：

　請求參數可以直接拼接在url后面，也可以通過query()方法指定

    @Test
    public void testJoddHttpGet(String url) throws IOException {
        HttpResponse response = HttpRequest
                .get(url)       //指定請求方式
                .contentType("application/json")  //指定編碼方式
                .query("xxx", "xxx")
                .connectionKeepAlive(true)//長連接　
                .timeout(60 * 1000)  //超時設置
                .send();        //發送請求
        System.out.println(response.bodyText());
    }

　　response存儲服務器返回的數據。可以從response實例中提取出各種屬性，如statusCode()或者statusPhrase()。

　　response讀取響應body有三種方法：

        response.bodyText()   body文本，以頭信息指定的方式編碼
        response.bodyBytes()  body字節
        response.body()　　　　以ISO-8859-1 encoding

post請求：

　　請求體存放在bodyText中。也可以通過form("xx","xx")表單加參數

    public void testJoddHttpPost(String url) throws IOException {
        HttpResponse response = HttpRequest
                .post(url)
                .contentType("application/json")
                .bodyText("xxx")
                .send();
        System.out.println(response.bodyText());
    }

小結：

• 代碼量方面來看 jodd-http < okhttp <apache-http。
• 超時設置上，jodd-http和apache-httpclient更為靈活，okhttp對client 進行設置，無法對單個請求設置。