Python 【繪制圖及turtle庫的使用】


前言

  • 最近翻到一篇知乎,上面有不少用Python(大多是turtle庫)繪制的樹圖,感覺很漂亮,整理了一下,挑了一些覺得不錯的代碼分享給大家(這些我都測試過,確實可以生成喔~趕快去試一下吧)

 

one 櫻花樹

動態生成櫻花

  • 效果圖(這個是動態的):

  • 實現代碼:
import turtle as T
import random
import time

# 畫櫻花的軀干(60,t)
def Tree(branch, t):
time.sleep(0.0005)
if branch > 3:
if 8 <= branch <= 12:
if random.randint(0, 2) == 0:
t.color('snow') #
else:
t.color('lightcoral') # 淡珊瑚色
t.pensize(branch / 3)
elif branch < 8:
if random.randint(0, 1) == 0:
t.color('snow')
else:
t.color('lightcoral') # 淡珊瑚色
t.pensize(branch / 2)
else:
t.color('sienna') # 赭(zhě)色
t.pensize(branch / 10) # 6
t.forward(branch)
a = 1.5 * random.random()
t.right(20 * a)
b = 1.5 * random.random()
Tree(branch - 10 * b, t)
t.left(40 * a)
Tree(branch - 10 * b, t)
t.right(20 * a)
t.up()
t.backward(branch)
t.down()

# 掉落的花瓣
def Petal(m, t):
for i in range(m):
a = 200 - 400 * random.random()
b = 10 - 20 * random.random()
t.up()
t.forward(b)
t.left(90)
t.forward(a)
t.down()
t.color('lightcoral') # 淡珊瑚色
t.circle(1)
t.up()
t.backward(a)
t.right(90)
t.backward(b)

# 繪圖區域
t = T.Turtle()
# 畫布大小
w = T.Screen()
t.hideturtle() # 隱藏畫筆
t.getscreen().tracer(5, 0)
w.screensize(bg='wheat') # wheat小麥
t.left(90)
t.up()
t.backward(150)
t.down()
t.color('sienna')

# 畫櫻花的軀干
Tree(60, t)
# 掉落的花瓣
Petal(200, t)
w.exitonclick()

 

飄落效果

  • 效果圖:

  • 實現代碼:
from turtle import *
from random import *
from math import *

def tree(n,l):
pd()#下筆
#陰影效果
t = cos(radians(heading()+45))/8+0.25
pencolor(t,t,t)
pensize(n/3)
forward(l)#畫樹枝

if n>0:
b = random()*15+10 #右分支偏轉角度
c = random()*15+10 #左分支偏轉角度
d = l*(random()*0.25+0.7) #下一個分支的長度
#右轉一定角度,畫右分支
right(b)
tree(n-1,d)
#左轉一定角度,畫左分支
left(b+c)
tree(n-1,d)
#轉回來
right(c)
else:
#畫葉子
right(90)
n=cos(radians(heading()-45))/4+0.5
pencolor(n,n*0.8,n*0.8)
circle(3)
left(90)
#添加0.3倍的飄落葉子
if(random()>0.7):
pu()
#飄落
t = heading()
an = -40 +random()*40
setheading(an)
dis = int(800*random()*0.5 + 400*random()*0.3 + 200*random()*0.2)
forward(dis)
setheading(t)
#畫葉子
pd()
right(90)
n = cos(radians(heading()-45))/4+0.5
pencolor(n*0.5+0.5,0.4+n*0.4,0.4+n*0.4)
circle(2)
left(90)
pu()
#返回
t=heading()
setheading(an)
backward(dis)
setheading(t)
pu()
backward(l)#退回

bgcolor(0.5,0.5,0.5)#背景色
ht()#隱藏turtle
speed(0)#速度 1-10漸進,0 最快
tracer(0,0)
pu()#抬筆
backward(100)
left(90)#左轉90度
pu()#抬筆
backward(300)#后退300
tree(12,100)#遞歸7層
done()

 

暗色效果

  • 效果圖:

  • 實現代碼:
from turtle import *
from random import *
from math import *

def tree(n, l):
pd()
t = cos(radians(heading() + 45)) / 8 + 0.25
pencolor(t, t, t)
pensize(n / 4)
forward(l)
if n > 0:
b = random() * 15 + 10
c = random() * 15 + 10
d = l * (random() * 0.35 + 0.6)
right(b)
tree(n - 1, d)
left(b + c)
tree(n - 1, d)
right(c)
else:
right(90)
n = cos(radians(heading() - 45)) / 4 + 0.5
pencolor(n, n, n)
circle(2)
left(90)
pu()
backward(l)
bgcolor(0.5, 0.5, 0.5)
ht()
speed(0)
tracer(0, 0)
left(90)
pu()
backward(300)
tree(13, 100)
done()

 

two 玫瑰花

  • 效果圖(有繪制過程)

  • 實現代碼:
from turtle import *
import time

setup(1000,800,0,0)
speed(0)
penup()
seth(90)
fd(340)
seth(0)
pendown()

speed(5)
begin_fill()
fillcolor('red')
circle(50,30)

for i in range(10):
fd(1)
left(10)

circle(40,40)

for i in range(6):
fd(1)
left(3)

circle(80,40)

for i in range(20):
fd(0.5)
left(5)

circle(80,45)

for i in range(10):
fd(2)
left(1)

circle(80,25)

for i in range(20):
fd(1)
left(4)

circle(50,50)

time.sleep(0.1)

circle(120,55)

speed(0)

seth(-90)
fd(70)

right(150)
fd(20)

left(140)
circle(140,90)

left(30)
circle(160,100)

left(130)
fd(25)

penup()
right(150)
circle(40,80)
pendown()

left(115)
fd(60)

penup()
left(180)
fd(60)
pendown()

end_fill()

right(120)
circle(-50,50)
circle(-20,90)

speed(1)
fd(75)

speed(0)
circle(90,110)

penup()
left(162)
fd(185)
left(170)
pendown()
circle(200,10)
circle(100,40)
circle(-52,115)
left(20)
circle(100,20)
circle(300,20)
speed(1)
fd(250)

penup()
speed(0)
left(180)
fd(250)
circle(-300,7)
right(80)
circle(200,5)
pendown()

left(60)
begin_fill()
fillcolor('green')
circle(-80,100)
right(90)
fd(10)
left(20)
circle(-63,127)
end_fill()

penup()
left(50)
fd(20)
left(180)

pendown()
circle(200,25)

penup()
right(150)

fd(180)

right(40)
pendown()
begin_fill()
fillcolor('green')
circle(-100,80)
right(150)
fd(10)
left(60)
circle(-80,98)
end_fill()

penup()
left(60)
fd(13)
left(180)

pendown()
speed(1)
circle(-200,23)

exitonclick()

 

three 聖誕樹

  • 聖誕樹 (動態生成效果圖)

  • 實現代碼:
from turtle import *
import random
import time

n = 100.0

speed("fastest")
screensize(bg='seashell')
left(90)
forward(3*n)
color("orange", "yellow")
begin_fill()
left(126)

for i in range(5):
forward(n/5)
right(144)
forward(n/5)
left(72)
end_fill()
right(126)

color("dark green")
backward(n*4.8)
def tree(d, s):
if d <= 0: return
forward(s)
tree(d-1, s*.8)
right(120)
tree(d-3, s*.5)
right(120)
tree(d-3, s*.5)
right(120)
backward(s)
tree(15, n)
backward(n/2)

for i in range(200):
a = 200 - 400 * random.random()
b = 10 - 20 * random.random()
up()
forward(b)
left(90)
forward(a)
down()
if random.randint(0, 1) == 0:
color('tomato')
else:
color('wheat')
circle(2)
up()
backward(a)
right(90)
backward(b)

time.sleep(60)

 

turtle繪制動漫形象

  • 成品圖:

  • 繪制過程: 

 

  • 實現代碼: 
import turtle as te
import time
WriteStep = 15  # 貝塞爾函數的取樣次數
Speed = 5
Width = 600  # 界面寬度
Height = 500  # 界面高度
Xh = 0  # 記錄前一個貝塞爾函數的手柄
Yh = 0

def Bezier(p1, p2, t):  # 一階貝塞爾函數
    return p1 * (1 - t) + p2 * t

def Bezier_2(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3):  # 二階貝塞爾函數
    te.goto(x1, y1)
    te.pendown()
    for t in range(0, WriteStep + 1):
        x = Bezier(Bezier(x1, x2, t / WriteStep),
                   Bezier(x2, x3, t / WriteStep), t / WriteStep)
        y = Bezier(Bezier(y1, y2, t / WriteStep),
                   Bezier(y2, y3, t / WriteStep), t / WriteStep)
        te.goto(x, y)
    te.penup()

def Bezier_3(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4):  # 三階貝塞爾函數
    x1 = -Width / 2 + x1
    y1 = Height / 2 - y1
    x2 = -Width / 2 + x2
    y2 = Height / 2 - y2
    x3 = -Width / 2 + x3
    y3 = Height / 2 - y3
    x4 = -Width / 2 + x4
    y4 = Height / 2 - y4  # 坐標變換
    te.goto(x1, y1)
    te.pendown()
    for t in range(0, WriteStep + 1):
        x = Bezier(Bezier(Bezier(x1, x2, t / WriteStep), Bezier(x2, x3, t / WriteStep), t / WriteStep),
                   Bezier(Bezier(x2, x3, t / WriteStep), Bezier(x3, x4, t / WriteStep), t / WriteStep), t / WriteStep)
        y = Bezier(Bezier(Bezier(y1, y2, t / WriteStep), Bezier(y2, y3, t / WriteStep), t / WriteStep),
                   Bezier(Bezier(y2, y3, t / WriteStep), Bezier(y3, y4, t / WriteStep), t / WriteStep), t / WriteStep)
        te.goto(x, y)
    te.penup()

def Moveto(x, y):  # 移動到svg坐標下(x,y)
    te.penup()
    te.goto(-Width / 2 + x, Height / 2 - y)


def line(x1, y1, x2, y2):  # 連接svg坐標下兩點
    te.penup()
    te.goto(-Width / 2 + x1, Height / 2 - y1)
    te.pendown()
    te.goto(-Width / 2 + x2, Height / 2 - y2)
    te.penup()

def lineto(dx, dy):  # 連接當前點和相對坐標(dx,dy)的點
    te.pendown()
    te.goto(te.xcor() + dx, te.ycor() - dy)
    te.penup()

def Lineto(x, y):  # 連接當前點和svg坐標下(x,y)
    te.pendown()
    te.goto(-Width / 2 + x, Height / 2 - y)
    te.penup()

def Horizontal(x):  # 做到svg坐標下橫坐標為x的水平線
    te.pendown()
    te.setx(x - Width / 2)
    te.penup()

def horizontal(dx):  # 做到相對橫坐標為dx的水平線
    te.seth(0)
    te.pendown()
    te.fd(dx)
    te.penup()

def vertical(dy):  # 做到相對縱坐標為dy的垂直線
    te.seth(-90)
    te.pendown()
    te.fd(dy)
    te.penup()
    te.seth(0)

def polyline(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3):  # 做svg坐標下的折線
    te.penup()
    te.goto(-Width / 2 + x1, Height / 2 - y1)
    te.pendown()
    te.goto(-Width / 2 + x2, Height / 2 - y2)
    te.goto(-Width / 2 + x3, Height / 2 - y3)
    te.penup()

def Curveto(x1, y1, x2, y2, x, y):  # 三階貝塞爾曲線到(x,y)
    te.penup()
    X_now = te.xcor() + Width / 2
    Y_now = Height / 2 - te.ycor()
    Bezier_3(X_now, Y_now, x1, y1, x2, y2, x, y)
    global Xh
    global Yh
    Xh = x - x2
    Yh = y - y2

def curveto_r(x1, y1, x2, y2, x, y):  # 三階貝塞爾曲線到相對坐標(x,y)
    te.penup()
    X_now = te.xcor() + Width / 2
    Y_now = Height / 2 - te.ycor()
    Bezier_3(X_now, Y_now, X_now + x1, Y_now + y1,
             X_now + x2, Y_now + y2, X_now + x, Y_now + y)
    global Xh
    global Yh
    Xh = x - x2
    Yh = y - y2

def Smooth(x2, y2, x, y):  # 平滑三階貝塞爾曲線到(x,y)
    global Xh
    global Yh
    te.penup()
    X_now = te.xcor() + Width / 2
    Y_now = Height / 2 - te.ycor()
    Bezier_3(X_now, Y_now, X_now + Xh, Y_now + Yh, x2, y2, x, y)
    Xh = x - x2
    Yh = y - y2

def smooth_r(x2, y2, x, y):  # 平滑三階貝塞爾曲線到相對坐標(x,y)
    global Xh
    global Yh
    te.penup()
    X_now = te.xcor() + Width / 2
    Y_now = Height / 2 - te.ycor()
    Bezier_3(X_now, Y_now, X_now + Xh, Y_now + Yh,
             X_now + x2, Y_now + y2, X_now + x, Y_now + y)
    Xh = x - x2
    Yh = y - y2

te.tracer(10)
te.setup(Width, Height, 0, 0)
te.pensize(1)
te.speed(Speed)
te.penup()

# 圖層_2
time.sleep(20)
te.color("black", "#F2F2F2")  # 外套
Moveto(61, 462)
te.begin_fill()
smooth_r(12, -41, 27, -58)
curveto_r(-6, -36, 6, -118, 9, -132)
curveto_r(-15, -27, -23, -51, -26, -74)
curveto_r(4, -66, 38, -105, 65, -149)
Horizontal(486)
curveto_r(12, 24, 40, 99, 33, 114)
curveto_r(39, 82, 55, 129, 39, 144)
smooth_r(-31, 23, -39, 28)
smooth_r(-12, 37, -12, 37)
lineto(50, 92)
Horizontal(445)
smooth_r(-29, -38, -31, -46)
smooth_r(78, -107, 72, -119)
Smooth(355, 178, 340, 176)
Smooth(272, 63, 264, 64)
smooth_r(-29, 67, -27, 73)
Curveto(99, 292, 174, 428, 173, 439)
smooth_r(-8, 23, -8, 23)
Lineto(61, 462)
te.end_fill()

Moveto(60.5, 461.5)  # 陰影
te.color("black", "#D3DFF0")
te.begin_fill()
curveto_r(0, 0, 17, -42, 27, -59)
curveto_r(-6, -33, 6, -128, 10, -133)
curveto_r(-15, -10, -27, -66, -27.285, -75)
te.pencolor("#D3DFF0")
curveto_r(12.285, 11, 82.963, 156, 82.963, 156)
te.pencolor("black")
smooth_r(12.322, 75, 19.322, 86)
curveto_r(-1, 11, -8, 25, -8, 25)
Horizontal(60.5)
te.end_fill()

Moveto(444.5, 464)
te.begin_fill()
curveto_r(0, 0, -29, -36, -31, -46)
smooth_r(53.59, -82.337, 53.59, -82.337)
te.pencolor("#D3DFF0")
smooth_r(86.41, -47.663, 96.072, -54.85)
Curveto(563.5, 297.5, 570.5, 299.5, 518.5, 334)
te.pencolor("black")
curveto_r(-2, 16, -12, 33, -12, 37)
smooth_r(50, 92, 50, 93)
Horizontal(444.5)
te.end_fill()

Moveto(195, 49)
te.begin_fill()
te.pencolor("#D3DFF0")
polyline(195, 49, 175.5, 106.5, 202.522, 49)
te.pencolor("black")
Horizontal(195)
te.pencolor("#D3DFF0")
te.end_fill()

Moveto(327.997, 49)
te.begin_fill()
te.pencolor("#D3DFF0")
curveto_r(0, 0, 11.503, 121.087, 13.503, 128.087)
curveto_r(11, 2, 54, 37, 54, 37)
lineto(-40, -165.087)
te.pencolor("black")
Horizontal(327.997)
te.pencolor("#D3DFF0")
te.end_fill()

te.pencolor("black")
line(94.5, 397.5, 107.5, 373.5)  # 皺紋
line(122.5, 317.5, 95.875, 274.699)
line(122.5, 341.5, 141.5, 402.5)
line(141.5, 409.5, 153.5, 431.5)
# line(328,47.712,344,175.977)
line(340.023, 49, 360.5, 144)
# line(353.5,47.5,395.5,208.5)
line(478.5, 95.5, 518.5, 161.5)
line(518.5, 332.5, 460.5, 359.5)
polyline(506.5, 369.5, 493.5, 402.5, 502.5, 443.5)
Moveto(530, 429)
curveto_r(4, 16, -5, 33, -5, 33)

# 圖層_3
te.color("black", "#2b1d2a")  # 外套內側
Moveto(225, 462)
te.begin_fill()
Horizontal(165)
smooth_r(9, -15, 8, -25)
curveto_r(-47, -126, 6, -212, 12, -225)
Curveto(185, 305, 202, 428, 225, 462)
Lineto(225, 462)
te.end_fill()

Moveto(390, 462)
te.begin_fill()
curveto_r(10, -23, 34, -180, 35, -222)  # !!!227
curveto_r(7, 4, 54, 45, 61, 61)  # 61
smooth_r(-73, 101, -72, 118)
curveto_r(5, 15, 31, 46, 31, 45)
Lineto(390, 462)
te.end_fill()
# 圖層_4
te.color("black", "#2b1d29")  # 外套內側
Moveto(225, 462)
te.begin_fill()
curveto_r(-28, -50, -40, -166, -40, -250)
curveto_r(6, 51, -6, 87, 45, 106)
smooth_r(64, 27, 89, 24)
smooth_r(49, -18, 56, -20)
smooth_r(50, -10, 51, -85)
curveto_r(0, 29, -25, 201, -36, 225)
Lineto(225, 462)
te.end_fill()
# 圖層_5
te.color("black", "#3D3D3D")  # 衣服
Moveto(225, 462)
te.begin_fill()
curveto_r(-5, -5, -22, -53, -23, -70)
lineto(32, -13)
curveto_r(3, -25, 6, -28, 12, -36)
smooth_r(13, -12, 16, -12)
vertical(-2)
curveto_r(45, 20, 64, 14, 94, 1)
vertical(2)
curveto_r(8, -2, 15, 2, 17, 4)
smooth_r(0, 6, -2, 9)
curveto_r(10, 10, 10, 29, 11, 33)
smooth_r(23, 4, 25, 6)
smooth_r(-17, 83, -17, 78)
Lineto(225, 462)
te.end_fill()
# 圖層_6
te.color("black", "#968281")  # 脖子
Moveto(262, 329)
te.begin_fill()
vertical(17)
curveto_r(1, 2, 44, 14, 45, 15)
smooth_r(3, 12, 3, 12)
horizontal(3)
vertical(-5)
curveto_r(1, -3, 4, -6, 5, -7)
lineto(36, -14)
curveto_r(1, -1, 3, -16, 2, -17)
Curveto(318, 348, 296, 344, 262, 329)
te.end_fill()
# 圖層_8
te.color("black", "#E7F1FF")  # 白色褶皺
Moveto(225, 462)
te.begin_fill()
lineto(-3, -5)  # -3,-3,-3,-5
curveto_r(0, -2, 4, -4, 5, -6)
smooth_r(16, 3, 19, -8)
smooth_r(0, -7, 0, -11)
smooth_r(5, -8, 9, -5)
smooth_r(19, -8, 19, -11)
smooth_r(6, -7, 6, -7)
smooth_r(7, -2, 9, -4)
lineto(41, -2)
lineto(12, 9)
smooth_r(3, 15, 7, 18)
smooth_r(15, 4, 17, 4)
smooth_r(4, -4, 6, -4)
smooth_r(6, 4, 5, 9)
smooth_r(0, 9, 0, 9)
smooth_r(1, 7, 7, 6)
smooth_r(8, 0, 8, 0)
lineto(-2, 8)
Lineto(225, 462)
te.end_fill()

te.pensize(2)
Moveto(240, 450)
smooth_r(0, 9, 3, 12)
Moveto(372, 462)
curveto_r(-2, -4, -5, -29, -7, -28)
te.pensize(1)
# 圖層_7
te.color("black", "#A2B8D6")  # 衣領
Moveto(262, 331)
te.begin_fill()
curveto_r(0, 8, -1, 13, 0, 15)
smooth_r(43, 14, 45, 15)
lineto(3, 12)
horizontal(3)
smooth_r(-1, -3, 0, -5)
lineto(5, -7)
lineto(36, -14)
curveto_r(1, -1, 2, -12, 2, -15)
smooth_r(25, -2, 15, 13)
curveto_r(-2, 4, -7, 29, -7, 32)
smooth_r(-35, 19, -41, 22)
smooth_r(-9, 14, -12, 14)
smooth_r(-7, -12, -14, -15)
curveto_r(-19, -2, -41, -25, -41, -25)
smooth_r(-10, -26, -10, -30)
Smooth(255, 332, 262, 331)
te.end_fill()

Moveto(262, 346)
lineto(-12, -6)
Moveto(369, 333)
curveto_r(2, 4, -6, 10, -15, 14)
# 圖層_9
te.color("black", "#151515")  # 領結
Moveto(247, 358)
te.begin_fill()
curveto_r(-5, 3, -8, 20, -6, 23)
curveto_r(25, 21, 50, 17, 50, 17)
lineto(-23, 64)
horizontal(22)
smooth_r(1, -13, 2, -16)
lineto(13, -50)
curveto_r(2, 2, 7, 3, 10, 1)
smooth_r(18, 65, 18, 65)
horizontal(19)
lineto(-24, -65)
curveto_r(21, 5, 39, -10, 44, -13)
curveto_r(5, -20, 1, -21, 0, -24)
curveto_r(-18, -2, -49, 15, -52, 17)
smooth_r(-11, -3, -15, -1)
Smooth(252, 356, 247, 358)
te.end_fill()
# 圖層_10
te.color("black", "#A2B8D6")  # 衣領(透過領結)
Moveto(297, 387)
te.begin_fill()
lineto(-11, 6)
curveto_r(-1, 0, -20, -7, -30, -19)
Curveto(259, 373, 297, 385, 297, 387)
te.end_fill()

Moveto(323, 384)
te.begin_fill()
lineto(8, 7)
lineto(30, -14)
curveto_r(1, -1, 5, -6, 4, -7)
Smooth(329, 379, 323, 384)
te.end_fill()
# 圖層_11
te.color("black", "#F3EEEB")  #
Moveto(185, 212)
te.begin_fill()
curveto_r(4, -9, 46, -77, 52, -75)
curveto_r(-2, -17, 19, -68, 27, -73)
curveto_r(16, 15, 71, 108, 76, 112)
smooth_r(76, 53, 86, 60)
curveto_r(0, 65, -27, 75, -31, 76)
curveto_r(-50, 28, -70, 30, -85, 30)
smooth_r(-77, -22, -86, -26)
Curveto(180, 302, 186, 228, 185, 212)
te.end_fill()
# 圖層_12
te.color("black", "#2B1D29")  # 頭發
Moveto(189, 202)
te.begin_fill()
curveto_r(-1, 22, 19, 51, 19, 51)
smooth_r(-10, -42, 7, -92)
Curveto(212, 168, 196, 189, 189, 202)
te.end_fill()

Moveto(221, 155)
te.begin_fill()
curveto_r(-2, 6, 5, 48, 5, 48)
smooth_r(18, -28, 20, -48)
curveto_r(-5, 24, 4, 43, 7, 50)
curveto_r(-10, -49, 3, -72, 13, -106)
curveto_r(-2, -7, -3, -32, -3, -35)
curveto_r(-17, 18, -27, 71, -27, 71)
Lineto(221, 155)
te.end_fill()

Moveto(264, 64)
te.begin_fill()
curveto_r(-4, 5, 14, 100, 14, 100)
smooth_r(-6, -79, -5, -85)
curveto_r(0, 98, 49, 139, 49, 139)
smooth_r(8, -50, 3, -65)
Smooth(272, 64, 264, 64)
te.end_fill()

Moveto(342, 176)
te.begin_fill()
curveto_r(-1, 27, -10, 57, -10, 57)
smooth_r(20, -33, 17, -54)
Lineto(342, 176)
te.end_fill()

te.penup()
te.begin_fill()
polyline(349, 180, 353, 203, 361, 203)
polyline(361, 203, 362, 188, 349, 180)
te.end_fill()
# 圖層_13
te.pensize(2)
Moveto(210, 180)  # 眉毛
curveto_r(5, -4, 63, 9, 63, 14)
Moveto(338, 193)
curveto_r(0, -3, 18, -6, 18, -6)
te.pensize(1)
# 圖層_14
te.color("black", "#D1D1D1")  # 眼睛1
te.pensize(2)
Moveto(206, 212)
te.begin_fill()
lineto(15, -7)
curveto_r(4, -1, 26, -2, 30, 0)
smooth_r(10, 3, 12, 7)
te.pencolor("#D1D1D1")
te.pensize(1)
smooth_r(2, 27, -1, 30)
smooth_r(-39, 5, -44, 1)
Smooth(206, 212, 206, 212)
te.end_fill()

Moveto(384, 204)
te.begin_fill()
te.pencolor("black")
te.pensize(2)
curveto_r(-3, -1, -18, -1, -28, 1)
smooth_r(-9, 6, -10, 9)
te.pencolor("#D1D1D1")
te.pensize(1)
smooth_r(3, 18, 6, 23)
smooth_r(38, 6, 40, 4)
smooth_r(10, -9, 13, -22)
te.pencolor("black")
te.pensize(2)
Lineto(384, 204)
te.end_fill()
# 圖層_15
te.color("#0C1631", "#0C1631")  # 眼睛2
te.pensize(1)
Moveto(216, 206)
te.begin_fill()
curveto_r(-1, 5, 0, 26, 7, 35)
smooth_r(30, 2, 33, 0)
smooth_r(5, -31, 2, -34)
Smooth(219, 203, 216, 206)
te.end_fill()

Moveto(354, 207)
te.begin_fill()
curveto_r(-2, 1, 2, 29, 4, 31)
smooth_r(30, 3, 33, 1)
smooth_r(6, -24, 4, -27)
lineto(-11, -8)
Curveto(382, 204, 357, 206, 354, 207)
te.end_fill()

# 圖層_17
te.color("#F5F5F5", "#F5F5F5")  # 眼睛3
Moveto(253, 211)
te.begin_fill()
curveto_r(-3, 0, -8, 8, 1, 10)
Smooth(258, 210, 253, 211)
te.end_fill()

Moveto(392, 209)
te.begin_fill()
lineto(4, 3)
vertical(4)
lineto(-4, 2)
Curveto(386, 214, 392, 209, 392, 209)
te.end_fill()
# 圖層_18
te.color("#352F53", "#352F53")  # 眼睛4
Moveto(219, 229)
te.begin_fill()
smooth_r(2, -5, 6, -4)
smooth_r(18, 13, 27, 1)
curveto_r(3, 0, 5, 3, 5, 3)
vertical(13)
Horizontal(224)
Lineto(219, 229)
te.end_fill()

Moveto(357, 227)
te.begin_fill()
smooth_r(4, -6, 10, -2)
smooth_r(10, 13, 19, 1)
curveto_r(6, 0, 8, 6, 8, 6)
lineto(-2, 9)
curveto_r(-12, 3, -29, 0, -32, -2)
Smooth(357, 227, 357, 227)
te.end_fill()

# 圖層_19
te.color("#9A90CB", "#9A90CB")  # 眼睛5
Moveto(227, 231)
te.begin_fill()
curveto_r(-6, 0, -5, 5, -3, 8)
smooth_r(24, 2, 27, 0)
smooth_r(0, -8, -1, -8)
Smooth(234, 231, 227, 231)
te.end_fill()

Moveto(361, 227)
te.begin_fill()
curveto_r(2, 18, 26, 14, 30, 6)
smooth_r(-1, -3, -2, -4)
smooth_r(-15, 9, -24, -4)
Curveto(363, 224, 361, 225, 361, 227)
te.end_fill()

# 圖層_16
te.pencolor("black")  # 眼睛(線條)
te.pensize(3)
# Moveto(206,213)
# lineto(14,-8)
# curveto_r(3,-1,30,0,33,1)
# lineto(10,6)
Moveto(225, 215)
curveto_r(10, 28, 22, 16, 24, 6)
Moveto(365, 219)
curveto_r(4, 14, 18, 24, 22, -3)
te.pensize(2)
line(240.5, 207.5, 227.5, 211.5)
line(245.5, 209.5, 227.5, 214.5)
line(247.5, 211.5, 227.5, 217.5)
line(247.5, 214.5, 229.5, 220.5)
line(247.5, 218.5, 230.5, 223.5)
line(246.5, 222.5, 232.5, 226.5)
line(244.5, 225.5, 234.5, 228.5)

line(377.5, 207.5, 367.5, 210.5)
line(384.5, 207.5, 366.5, 212.5)
line(385.5, 210.5, 366.5, 215.5)
line(384.5, 213.5, 366.5, 218.5)
line(384.5, 215.5, 367.5, 220.5)
line(384.5, 218.5, 368.5, 223.5)
# line(383.5,220.5,368.5,225.5)
line(382.5, 223.5, 370.5, 227.5)
# line(381.5,226.5,373.5,229.5)
# 圖層_20
te.pencolor("black")
Moveto(309, 270)  # 鼻子、嘴
curveto_r(0, 0, 4, 7, 1, 9)
line(296.5, 307.5, 303.5, 307.5)
Moveto(315, 307)
smooth_r(10, -1, 10, 2)

te.penup()
te.hideturtle()
te.update()
te.done()

 

蟒蛇繪制及turtle庫的使用

環境要求

  • python3
  • 最好有一個ide,我用的是最基本的pycharm
  • 這是我根據mooc的教程寫下來的(視頻鏈接在文末),希望能給剛開始學習Python提供一個范例:
  • 這篇博文,我們將繪制一條蟒蛇,並解釋turtle的使用。
  • 首先我們設計一下蟒蛇的基本形狀,它是一條爬行的蟒蛇而且很有回頭感,並且后面會看到它是可以動的:

  • 這就要要用計算機圖形的繪制了,這與一般的簡單的測試程序是不一樣的,因為要涉及到窗口等的出現:
  • 全部的代碼:
# python.py
import turtle
turtle.setup(650,350,200,200)
turtle.penup()
turtle.fd(-250)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.pensize(25)
turtle.pencolor("purple")
turtle.seth(-40)
for i in range(4):
turtle.circle(40,80)
turtle.circle(-40,80)
turtle.circle(40,80/2)
turtle.fd(40)
turtle.circle(16,180)
turtle.fd(40 * 2/3)
turtle.done()
#finish
  • 確保代碼無誤,執行后,就可以看到屏幕中出現窗口,並且出現了一個動態的,正在逐漸繪制的蟒蛇:

直到全部完成

  • 從代碼中我們可以很明顯的看到使用了turtle這個庫,那么每一行的代表什么意思呢?
    • turtle意思是海龜,是一個繪圖庫,是python的標准庫之一(注意標准庫與第三方庫的區別),我們可以叫它海龜庫,這是這個程序最關鍵的地方。
    • turtle(海龜)是一種真實的存在,可以理解為:
    • 有一只海龜,其實在窗體正中心,在畫布上游走;
    • 走過的軌跡形成了繪制的圖形
    • 海龜由程序控制,可以變換顏色,改變寬度等

再來看一下一些有趣的示例(使用turtle)

 

窗體布局

  • 在電腦顯示中,左上角的像素坐標是(0,0),這里的turtle統一如此,可以使用setup()函數來社會中窗體大小以及位置
turtle.setup(width,height,startx,starty)
  • (后兩個坐標是可選的,指窗體左上角相對於屏幕左上角的坐標)
  • 在繪制過程中,setup函數並不是必須的,只有當你需要控制窗體的大小和位置時,采用setup進行限制。

例如:

  • 空間坐標體系
    • 海龜最開始在畫布的正中心,以此構成絕對坐標系,利用空間坐標和函數,可以改變海龜的位置
    • 如最重要的一個函數是
# turtle.goto(x,y)
    • 它可以讓任意位置的海龜去到達這個位置,例如:

  • 運動控制函數
    • turtle.forward(d)別名turtle.fd(d)
    • d表示行進距離,如果行進距離是負數,表示海龜是倒退着行進的。
    • turtle.bd(d)是向海龜的反方向運行
    • turtle.circle(r,angle)這是曲線函數,圓心在海龜的左手側距離自己距為r的地方,想要繪制完整圓形,不要寫第二個參數就好
  • 角度坐標體系
    • 我們可以使用下面函數來改變當前海龜的行進角度
    • turtle.seth(angle)
    • 這里的angle是將海龜當前的行進方向改變為某一個絕對角度(不是海龜方向,是絕對坐標系中的絕對方向)
    • 為了更好改變方向,還可以分別從左右兩個方向改變角度(這個是海龜角度)
    • turtle.left(angle)
    • turtle.right(angle)
    • 要注意的是,改變角度的函數只會改變方向,但是不會自動行進,需要配合其他函數,比如turtle.fd(d)來使用。
  • 例如:

  • 現在我們再看上面的程序是不是感覺很熟悉了呢,雖然還是有些不是完全懂,別着急,我們慢慢看下面:
  • 畫筆控制函數
    • 這里將海龜想象為畫筆pen
    • 畫筆成對出現
    • turtle.penup()別名turtle.pu()抬起畫筆,海龜在飛行
    • turtlependown()別名turtle.pd()落下畫筆,海龜在爬行
  • 另外:
    • turtle.pensize(width)用來設置畫筆寬度。
    • turtle.pencolor(color)設置顏色,里面填rgb值。
    • 這里要注意要把rge壓成0-1(除以255即可)

  • 循環結構與range
  • python循環語句最常用方式
  • for i(計數變量) in range(循環次數) 后面縮進的代碼將被循環執行
  • range()產生循環計數序列
  • range(n)
  • range(m,n)產生從m到n-1的整數序列
  • 看到這個,基本上上面的蟒蛇代碼應該已經能全部看懂了,而且可以自己做出很多改變。這里寫一下注釋:
# python.py
import turtle
turtle.setup(650,350,200,200)#設置窗體位置和大小
turtle.penup()
turtle.fd(-250)
turtle.pendown()#海龜飛起落下 這三行相當於海龜的原點改變了
turtle.pensize(25)
turtle.pencolor("purple")
turtle.seth(-40)#設置剛開始的絕對角度
for i in range(4):
turtle.circle(40,80)
turtle.circle(-40,80)#4繪制蟒蛇的4個小節
turtle.circle(40,80/2)#繪制少半個弧形
turtle.fd(40)
turtle.circle(16,180)#脖子和頭部繪制
turtle.fd(40 * 2/3)
turtle.done()#這行代碼使得程序運行后程序不會退出,需要手動關閉窗口
#finish
  • 可以把import turtle調庫函數換成from turtle import*,這樣后面就可以不用一直加turtle.了,直接寫函數就ok,只要注意不要重名就可以,或者也可以import turtle as+別名的方式。

視頻學習鏈接: 這是2019下半年的開課,應該每年都會有開課,講的真的很好

 


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