RocksDB屬於嵌入式數據庫,沒有網絡交互接口,必須和服務部署在同一台服務器。RocksDB是Facebook公司在LevelDB基礎之上開發的一個嵌入式KV系統,在很多方面對LevelDB做了優化和增強,更像是一個完整的產品。有如下特征:
- 高性能: RocksDB使用日志結構的數據庫引擎,完全用C++編寫,以獲得最大的性能。 鍵和值是任意大小的字節流。
- 為快速存儲而優化: RocksDB針對快速、低延遲的存儲(如閃存驅動器和高速磁盤驅動器)進行了優化。RocksDB充分利用了flash或RAM提供的高讀/寫速率的潛力。
- 適應性強: RocksDB 可以適應不同的工作負載。 從 MyRocks 等數據庫存儲引擎到應用程序數據緩存到嵌入式工作負載,RocksDB 可以用於滿足各種數據需求。
- 基礎和高級數據庫操作: RocksDB提供了一些基本操作,比如打開和關閉數據庫,讀與寫,合並和壓縮過濾器等高級操作。
參考了如下文檔:
Maven依賴(pom.xml)
<dependency>
<groupId>org.rocksdb</groupId>
<artifactId>rocksdbjni</artifactId>
<version>6.6.4</version>
</dependency>
import org.rocksdb.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
public class RocksDBExample {
private static final String dbPath = "./rocksdb-data/";
private static final String cfdbPath = "./rocksdb-data-cf/";
static {
RocksDB.loadLibrary();
}
// RocksDB.DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY
public void testDefaultColumnFamily() {
System.out.println("testDefaultColumnFamily begin...");
// 文件不存在,則先創建文件
try (final Options options = new Options().setCreateIfMissing(true)) {
try (final RocksDB rocksDB = RocksDB.open(options, dbPath)) {
// 簡單key-value
byte[] key = "Hello".getBytes();
rocksDB.put(key, "World".getBytes());
System.out.println(new String(rocksDB.get(key)));
rocksDB.put("SecondKey".getBytes(), "SecondValue".getBytes());
// 通過List做主鍵查詢
List<byte[]> keys = Arrays.asList(key, "SecondKey".getBytes(), "missKey".getBytes());
List<byte[]> values = rocksDB.multiGetAsList(keys);
for (int i = 0; i < keys.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("multiGet " + new String(keys.get(i)) + ":" + (values.get(i) != null ? new String(values.get(i)) : null));
}
// 打印全部[key - value]
RocksIterator iter = rocksDB.newIterator();
for (iter.seekToFirst(); iter.isValid(); iter.next()) {
System.out.println("iterator key:" + new String(iter.key()) + ", iter value:" + new String(iter.value()));
}
// 刪除一個key
rocksDB.delete(key);
System.out.println("after remove key:" + new String(key));
iter = rocksDB.newIterator();
for (iter.seekToFirst(); iter.isValid(); iter.next()) {
System.out.println("iterator key:" + new String(iter.key()) + ", iter value:" + new String(iter.value()));
}
}
} catch (RocksDBException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 使用特定的列族打開數據庫,可以把列族理解為關系型數據庫中的表(table)
public void testCertainColumnFamily() {
System.out.println("\ntestCertainColumnFamily begin...");
try (final ColumnFamilyOptions cfOpts = new ColumnFamilyOptions().optimizeUniversalStyleCompaction()) {
String cfName = "my-first-columnfamily";
// list of column family descriptors, first entry must always be default column family
final List<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> cfDescriptors = Arrays.asList(
new ColumnFamilyDescriptor(RocksDB.DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY, cfOpts),
new ColumnFamilyDescriptor(cfName.getBytes(), cfOpts)
);
List<ColumnFamilyHandle> cfHandles = new ArrayList<>();
try (final DBOptions dbOptions = new DBOptions().setCreateIfMissing(true).setCreateMissingColumnFamilies(true);
final RocksDB rocksDB = RocksDB.open(dbOptions, cfdbPath, cfDescriptors, cfHandles)) {
ColumnFamilyHandle cfHandle = cfHandles.stream().filter(x -> {
try {
return (new String(x.getName())).equals(cfName);
} catch (RocksDBException e) {
return false;
}
}).collect(Collectors.toList()).get(0);
// 寫入key/value
String key = "FirstKey";
rocksDB.put(cfHandle, key.getBytes(), "FirstValue".getBytes());
// 查詢單key
byte[] getValue = rocksDB.get(cfHandle, key.getBytes());
System.out.println("get Value : " + new String(getValue));
// 寫入第2個key/value
rocksDB.put(cfHandle, "SecondKey".getBytes(), "SecondValue".getBytes());
List<byte[]> keys = Arrays.asList(key.getBytes(), "SecondKey".getBytes());
List<ColumnFamilyHandle> cfHandleList = Arrays.asList(cfHandle, cfHandle);
// 查詢多個key
List<byte[]> values = rocksDB.multiGetAsList(cfHandleList, keys);
for (int i = 0; i < keys.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("multiGet:" + new String(keys.get(i)) + "--" + (values.get(i) == null ? null : new String(values.get(i))));
}
// 刪除單key
rocksDB.delete(cfHandle, key.getBytes());
RocksIterator iter = rocksDB.newIterator(cfHandle);
for (iter.seekToFirst(); iter.isValid(); iter.next()) {
System.out.println("iterator:" + new String(iter.key()) + ":" + new String(iter.value()));
}
} finally {
// NOTE frees the column family handles before freeing the db
for (final ColumnFamilyHandle cfHandle : cfHandles) {
cfHandle.close();
}
}
} catch (RocksDBException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} // frees the column family options
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
RocksDBExample test = new RocksDBExample();
test.testDefaultColumnFamily();
test.testCertainColumnFamily();
}
}