etcd是什么？
etcd是一個用Go語言寫的，用於分布式系統下高性能的鍵值(K-V)存儲、服務發現、負載均衡、、分布式鎖、配置管理等場景地應用，類似於Java的zookeeper。基於Raft協議，能保證數據的一致性。
官方地址
[etcd.io] https://etcd.io
[github.com]https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd
etcd的安裝
有兩種方式安裝，可以通過編譯好的二進制或源碼安裝，我這里用的是二進制安裝的，另一個源碼安裝的我沒有試過。
另外，這里的安裝也不是集群方式安裝的，用的單結點的，只是一些基本的操作。
一、二進制安裝
- 點擊下面的地址，根椐自已的系統，選擇不同的壓縮包下載，如 MacOs下載etcd-v3.4.4-darwin-amd64.zip
[https://etcd.io/docs/v3.4.0/integrations/] https://etcd.io/docs/v3.4.0/integrations/
2. 將下載的壓縮包，解壓出來，見如下內容
$ ls ~/Applications/etcd
Documentation README-etcdctl.md README.md READMEv2-etcdctl.md etcd etcdctl
- 上面的文件中,etcd是服務端; etcdctl是客戶端，里面集成了常用一些Api。
二、源碼安裝
因為是Go寫的，可直接使用 go get https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd 下載就行了，不過這個etcd包有點大，如果網絡不好，還不一定能下載下來，凡正我是沒整下來。
所以，如果下載不下來，可以嘗試用github的zip打包下載試試，如果也還是不行，那么可用國內的下載加速。
我在網上找到一個 [https://www.newbe.pro/Mirrors/Mirrors-Etcd/] https://www.newbe.pro/Mirrors/Mirrors-Etcd/，從這里面直接把壓縮包下載下來，放到你的Gopath下就行了。
接下來進入到etcd的目錄下面，執行 ./build構建就行了。
etcd啟動
不管用那種方式，要啟動etcd,先找到etcd這個文件，然后執行它.默認在你本機的2379端口,如果你要在公網開啟，指定下參數就行了.
$ ~/Applications/etcd/etcd --advertise-client-urls="https://123.33.44.34:2379" --listen-client-urls="https://123.33.44.34:2379"
本地如下方式啟動
$ ~/Applications/etcd/etcd
[WARNING] Deprecated '--logger=capnslog' flag is set; use '--logger=zap' flag instead
2020-03-11 12:55:38.289362 I | etcdmain: etcd Version: 3.4.4
2020-03-11 12:55:38.289461 I | etcdmain: Git SHA: c65a9e2dd
2020-03-11 12:55:38.289468 I | etcdmain: Go Version: go1.12.12
2020-03-11 12:55:38.289476 I | etcdmain: Go OS/Arch: darwin/amd64
2020-03-11 12:55:38.289482 I | etcdmain: setting maximum number of CPUs to 4, total number of available CPUs is 4
2020-03-11 12:55:38.289492 N | etcdmain: failed to detect default host (default host not supported on darwin_amd64)
2020-03-11 12:55:38.289500 W | etcdmain: no data-dir provided, using default data-dir ./default.etcd
[WARNING] Deprecated '--logger=capnslog' flag is set; use '--logger=zap' flag instead
2020-03-11 12:55:38.292027 I | embed: name = default
2020-03-11 12:55:38.292038 I | embed: data dir = default.etcd
2020-03-11 12:55:38.292045 I | embed: member dir = default.etcd/member
2020-03-11 12:55:38.292050 I | embed: heartbeat = 100ms
2020-03-11 12:55:38.292054 I | embed: election = 1000ms
2020-03-11 12:55:38.292058 I | embed: snapshot count = 100000
2020-03-11 12:55:38.292079 I | embed: advertise client URLs = http://localhost:2379
2020-03-11 12:55:38.407474 I | etcdserver: starting member 8e9e05c52164694d in cluster cdf818194e3a8c32
好了，看到上面的輸出，服務端就啟動好了，如果要測試，可以用etcdctl測試下。
etcdctl put "task/task1" "task任務"
OK
etcdctl get "task/task1"
task/task1
task任務
代碼操作
這里用Go對etcd進行一些簡單的操作,go的客戶端可以在官網上去找[https://etcd.io/docs/v3.4.0/integrations/] https://etcd.io/docs/v3.4.0/integrations/
我這里用的是clientv3這個包, 這個包在上面源碼安裝時，下載的包里面就有，那個包是服務端和客戶端代碼都有的。
Get操作
package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"go.etcd.io/etcd/clientv3"
"time"
)
func main(){
var (
config clientv3.Config
client *clientv3.Client
kv clientv3.KV
resp *clientv3.GetResponse
err error
)
config = clientv3.Config{
Endpoints:[]string{"localhost:2379"},
DialTimeout:5 * time.Second,
}
if client,err = clientv3.New(config); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
kv = clientv3.NewKV(client)
if resp, err = kv.Get(context.TODO(),"cron/jobs/",clientv3.WithPrefix()); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
for k,v := range resp.Kvs {
fmt.Println(k,v,string(v.Key), string(v.Value))
}
}
續約操作
package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"go.etcd.io/etcd/clientv3"
"time"
)
func main(){
var (
config clientv3.Config
client *clientv3.Client
Lease clientv3.Lease
leaseGrantResp *clientv3.LeaseGrantResponse
leaseId clientv3.LeaseID
leaseKeepResp *clientv3.LeaseKeepAliveResponse
leaseKeepRespChan <-chan *clientv3.LeaseKeepAliveResponse
getResp *clientv3.GetResponse
putResp *clientv3.PutResponse
kv clientv3.KV
err error
)
config = clientv3.Config{
Endpoints:[]string{"localhost:2379"},
DialTimeout:5 * time.Second,
}
if client,err = clientv3.New(config); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
Lease = clientv3.NewLease(client)
if leaseGrantResp, err = Lease.Grant(context.TODO(), 10); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
leaseId = leaseGrantResp.ID
ctx, _ := context.WithTimeout(context.TODO(), 10 * time.Second) //10秒停止續約
if leaseKeepRespChan, err = Lease.KeepAlive(ctx,leaseId); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
//啟動協程，進行續約
go func(){
for {
select {
case leaseKeepResp = <-leaseKeepRespChan:
if leaseKeepResp == nil{
fmt.Println("租約失效了")
goto END
} else {
fmt.Println("收到續約", leaseKeepResp)
}
}
}
END:
}()
kv = clientv3.NewKV(client)
if putResp ,err = kv.Put(context.TODO(),"cron/jobs/job3","job3",clientv3.WithLease(leaseId)); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
} else {
fmt.Println("寫入成功", putResp.Header.Revision)
}
for {
if getResp, err = kv.Get(context.TODO(),"cron/jobs/job3"); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
if getResp.Count != 0 {
fmt.Println(getResp.Kvs)
} else {
fmt.Println(" 過期了")
break
}
time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
}
}
Op操作
package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"go.etcd.io/etcd/clientv3"
"time"
)
func main(){
var (
config clientv3.Config
client *clientv3.Client
opPut clientv3.Op
opGet clientv3.Op
opResp clientv3.OpResponse
kv clientv3.KV
err error
)
config = clientv3.Config{
Endpoints:[]string{"localhost:2379"},
DialTimeout:5 * time.Second,
}
if client,err = clientv3.New(config); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
kv = clientv3.NewKV(client)
opPut = clientv3.OpPut("cron/jobs/job3","job3333")
if opResp, err = kv.Do(context.TODO(),opPut); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
fmt.Println("獲取revision", opResp.Put().Header.Revision)
opGet = clientv3.OpGet("cron/jobs/job3")
if opResp ,err = kv.Do(context.TODO(),opGet); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
if len(opResp.Get().Kvs) != 0 {
fmt.Println("獲取值:", string(opResp.Get().Kvs[0].Value))
}
}
簡單分布式鎖
package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"go.etcd.io/etcd/clientv3"
"time"
)
//簡單分布式鎖
func main(){
var (
config clientv3.Config
client *clientv3.Client
/*opPut clientv3.Op
opGet clientv3.Op
opResp clientv3.OpResponse*/
kv clientv3.KV
txn clientv3.Txn
txnResp *clientv3.TxnResponse
Lease clientv3.Lease
leaseGrantResp *clientv3.LeaseGrantResponse
leaseId clientv3.LeaseID
leaseKeepResp *clientv3.LeaseKeepAliveResponse
leaseKeepRespChan <-chan *clientv3.LeaseKeepAliveResponse
ctx context.Context
cancelFunc context.CancelFunc
err error
)
config = clientv3.Config{
Endpoints:[]string{"localhost:2379"},
DialTimeout:5 * time.Second,
}
if client,err = clientv3.New(config); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
//租約操作
Lease = clientv3.NewLease(client)
if leaseGrantResp, err = Lease.Grant(context.TODO(), 5); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
leaseId = leaseGrantResp.ID
ctx, cancelFunc = context.WithCancel(context.TODO())
defer cancelFunc()
defer Lease.Revoke(context.TODO(),leaseId)
if leaseKeepRespChan, err = Lease.KeepAlive(ctx,leaseId); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
}
//啟動協程，進行續約
go func(){
for {
select {
case leaseKeepResp = <-leaseKeepRespChan:
if leaseKeepResp == nil{
fmt.Println("租約失效了")
goto END
} else {
fmt.Println("收到續約", leaseKeepResp)
}
}
}
END:
}()
kv = clientv3.NewKV(client)
//開啟事務
txn = kv.Txn(context.TODO())
txn.If(clientv3.Compare(clientv3.CreateRevision("cron/lock/job3"),"=", 0)).
Then(clientv3.OpPut("cron/lock/job3","123",clientv3.WithLease(leaseId))).
Else(clientv3.OpGet("cron/lock/job3"))
if txnResp,err = txn.Commit(); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
if !txnResp.Succeeded {
fmt.Println("OOH,鎖被占用了:", string(txnResp.Responses[0].GetResponseRange().Kvs[0].Value))
return
} else {
fmt.Println("搶到了")
}
fmt.Println("處理業務")
time.Sleep( 10 * time.Second)
}
以上就是記錄我在學習etcd的基本入門和一些常用的操作，希望大家能喜歡，期待和大家的一些進步。