前言
我們知道,每一款框架產品在實際開發中,都是通過XML文件來培訓框架的相關流程的,MyBatis也不例外,主要有兩個配置文件:config.xml和Mapper.xml,當然,這兩種配置文件可以自定義文件名。
- config.xml是全局配置文件,主要配置MyBatis的數據源(DataSource),事務管理(TransactionManager),以及打印SQL語句,開啟二級緩存,設置實體類別名等功能。
- Mapper.xml的作用是什么?我們之前介紹過,MyBatis是"半自動"的ORM框架,即SQL語句需要開發者自定義,MyBatis的關注點在POJO與SQL之間的映射關系。那么SQL語句在哪里配置自定義呢?就在Mapper.xml中配置。
一、parameterType:參數數據類型
(1)基本數據類型,通過id查詢User。
UserDAO:
//通過id查詢User
public User getById(int id);UserDAO.xml:
<select id="getById" parameterType="int" resultType="com.southwind.entity.User">
select * from user where id=#{id}
</select>
(2)String類型,通過name查詢User。
UserDAO:
//通過name查詢User
public User getByName(String name);UserDAO.xml:
<select id="get2" parameterType="java.lang.String" resultType="com.southwind.entity.User">
select * from user where name = #{name}
</select>
(3)包裝類,通過id查詢User。
UserDAO:
//統計id查詢User
public User getById(Integer id);UserDAO.xml:
<select id="getById" parameterType="java.lang.Integer" resultType="com.southwind.entity.User">
select * from user where id=#{id}
</select>
(4)多個參數,通過name和age查詢User。兩個參數分別是String類型和int類型,類型不一致,所以此時parameterType可以省略,通過參數下標取出參數值。
UserDAO:
//通過name和age查詢User
public User getByNameAge(int id,String name);UserDAO.xml:
<select id="getByNameAge" resultType="com.southwind.entity.User">
select * from user where name = #{0} and age = #{1}
</select>也可以param0,param1 或 args0,args1
(5)POJO,很顯然,當有多個參數時,一個一個寫太麻煩了,這時候我們可以將參數列表進行封裝,將封裝對象作為parameterType的值。
UserDAO:
//根據Usesr封裝對象查詢User
public User getByUser(User user);UserDAO.xml:
<select id="getByUser" parameterType="com.southwind.entity.User" resultType="com.southwind.entity.User">
select * from user where name = #{name} and age = #{age}
</select>
二、resultType:結果類型
(1)基本數據類型,統計User總數。
UserDAO:
//通過User總數量
public int getCount()UserDAO.xml:
<select id="getCount" resultType="int">
select count(*) from user
</select>
(2)包裝類,統計User總數。
UserDAO:
//通過User總數量
public Integer getCount();UserDAO.xml:
<select id="getCount" resultType="java.lang.Integer">
select count(*) from user
</select>
(3)String類型,根據id查詢User的name值。
UserDAO:
//根據id查詢User的name
public String getNameById(int id);UserDAO.xml:
<select id="getNameById" parameterType="int" resultType="java.lang.String">
select name from user where id = #{name}
</select>
(4)POJO,如通過id查詢User,上面已經介紹過了,這里就不再重復了。
三、級聯查詢
(1)一對多
我們現在查詢的User是單表查詢,如果是多表關聯查詢,比如查詢Student同時級聯對應的Classes,如何處理呢?
使用resultType無法完成,我們以通過id查詢Student來舉例。
SQL:
select * from student as s,classes as c where s.cid = c.c_id and s.id = 1;
查詢結果:
學生實體類Student:
package com.southwind.entity;
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
private String address;
private String tel;
private int score;
private Classes classes;
public Classes getClasses() {
return classes;
}
public void setClasses(Classes classes) {
this.classes = classes;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
public String getTel() {
return tel;
}
public void setTel(String tel) {
this.tel = tel;
}
public int getScore() {
return score;
}
public void setScore(int score) {
this.score = score;
}
}
班級實體類Classes:
package com.southwind.entity;
import java.util.List;
public class Classes {
private int id;
private String name;
private List<Student> students;
public List<Student> getStudents() {
return students;
}
public void setStudents(List<Student> students) {
this.students = students;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
MyBatis會自動將結果與實體類進行映射,將字段的值賦給對應的屬性,若字段名與屬性名一致,完成賦值,那么問題來了。
如果字段不一致怎么辦?
- 如圖,id,name,address,tel,score屬性可以對應字段,classes屬性沒有對應的字段,准確的講,classes屬性需要對應的對象為c_id,c_name封裝起來的對象。
- 此時,需要使用resultMap來完成映射。
StudentDAO:
//通過id查詢Student
public Student getById(int id);
StudentDAO.xml,使用association標簽配置classes級聯,因為一個Student只能對應一個Classes。
<resultMap type="student" id="studentMap">
<id property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="name" column="name"/>
<result property="address" column="address"/>
<result property="tel" column="tel"/>
<result property="score" column="score"/>
<!-- 映射classes屬性 -->
<association property="classes" javaType="com.southwind.entity.Classes">
<id property="id" column="c_id"/>
<result property="name" column="c_name"/>
</association>
</resultMap>
<select id="getById" parameterType="int" resultMap="studentMap">
select * from student as s,classes as c where s.cid = c.c_id and s.id = #{id};
</select>
同理,反過來查詢Classes,將級聯的所有Student一並查詢。
ClassesDAO:
//根據id查詢Classes
public Classes getById(int id);ClassesDAO.xml,使用collection標簽配置students級聯,因為一個Classes可以對應多個Student。
<resultMap type="classes" id="classesMap">
<id property="id" column="c_id"/>
<result property="name" column="c_name"/>
<!-- 映射students屬性 -->
<collection property="students" ofType="student">
<id property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="name" column="name"/>
<result property="address" column="address"/>
<result property="tel" column="tel"/>
<result property="score" column="score"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="getById" parameterType="int" resultMap="classesMap">
select * from classes as c,student as s where c.c_id = s.cid and c.c_id = #{id};
</select>需要注意的是:association標簽,通過設置javaType屬性,映射實體類,
collection標簽,通過設置ofType屬性映射實體類。
(2)多對多
多對多其實是雙向的一對多關系,我們用Customer和Goods來舉例,
一個Customer可以對應多個Goods,一個Goods也可以對應多個Customer,所以雙方都是用collection標簽設置級聯。
Customer:
package com.southwind.entity;
import java.util.List;
public class Customer {
private int id;
private String name;
private List<Goods> goods;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public List<Goods> getGoods() {
return goods;
}
public void setGoods(List<Goods> goods) {
this.goods = goods;
}
}
Goods:
package com.southwind.entity;
import java.util.List;
public class Goods {
private int id;
private String name;
private List<Customer> customers;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public List<Customer> getCustomers() {
return customers;
}
public void setCustomers(List<Customer> customers) {
this.customers = customers;
}
}
CustomerDAO:
//根據id查詢Customer
public Customer getById(int id);
CustomerDAO.xml:
<resultMap type="customer" id="customerMap">
<id property="id" column="c_id"/>
<result property="name" column="c_name"/>
<!-- 映射goods屬性 -->
<collection property="goods" ofType="goods">
<id property="id" column="g_id"/>
<result property="name" column="g_name"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="getById" parameterType="int" resultMap="customerMap">
select * from customer as c,goods as g,
customer_goods as cg where c.c_id = cg.c_id
and g.g_id =c g.g_id and c.c_id = #{id};
</select>
GoodsDAO:
//根據id查詢Goods
public Goods getById(int id);
GoodsDAO.xml:
<resultMap type="goods" id="goodsMap">
<id property="id" column="g_id"/>
<result property="name" column="g_name"/>
<!-- 映射customers屬性 -->
<collection property="customers" ofType="customer">
<id property="id" column="c_id"/>
<result property="name" column="c_name"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="getById" parameterType="int" resultMap="goodsMap">
select * from customer as c,
goods as g,customer_goods as cg
where c.c_id = cg.c_id and g.g_id
= cg.g_id and g.g_id = #{id};
</select>
mybatis中Mapper.xml配置詳解,小伙伴們加油~~~