net core3.1打造webapi開發框架的實踐

https://www.cnblogs.com/datacool/p/datacool_dotnetcore_demo.html

實踐技術看點

• 1、Swagger管理API說明文檔
• 2、JwtBearer token驗證
• 3、Swagger UI增加Authentication
• 4、EntityFrameworkCore+MySQL
• 5、在.net core 3.1下使用Log4net

前言

元旦過后就沒什么工作上的任務了，這當然不能讓領導看在眼里，動手實踐一下新技術吧。於是准備搭一個webapi的中間件框架。

由於自己的雲主機是台linux服務器，雙核2G的centos+1M 沒有數據盤，也用不起RDS，如果裝個Windows Server那么肯定卡的不行，所以一直想嘗試一下跨平台的感覺。

由於這篇隨筆不是定位於教程，故基礎知識一概略過。

項目中使用到的包清單：

 <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="IdentityModel" Version="4.1.1" />
    <PackageReference Include="log4net" Version="2.0.8" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer" Version="3.1.1" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization" Version="3.1.1" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools" Version="3.1.1">
      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
    </PackageReference>
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Debug" Version="3.1.1" />
    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Design" Version="3.1.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="MySql.Data.EntityFrameworkCore" Version="8.0.19" />
    <PackageReference Include="Pomelo.EntityFrameworkCore.MySql" Version="3.1.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="Swashbuckle.AspNetCore.Swagger" Version="5.0.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="Swashbuckle.AspNetCore.SwaggerGen" Version="5.0.0" />
    <PackageReference Include="Swashbuckle.AspNetCore.SwaggerUI" Version="5.0.0" />
  </ItemGroup>

 

關鍵代碼點評

1)Startup

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using IdentityModel;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using Microsoft.OpenApi.Models;
using MySql.Data.EntityFrameworkCore.Extensions;
using Swashbuckle.AspNetCore.Swagger;
using tokendemo.Models;

namespace tokendemo
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddControllers();
            services.Configure<TokenManagement>(Configuration.GetSection("tokenManagement"));
            var token = Configuration.GetSection("tokenManagement").Get<TokenManagement>();
            services.AddAuthentication(x =>
            {
                x.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                x.DefaultChallengeScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
            }).AddJwtBearer(x =>
            {
                x.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
                x.SaveToken = true;
                x.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
                {
                    ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
                    IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(token.Secret)),
                    ValidIssuer = token.Issuer,
                    ValidAudience = token.Audience,
                    ValidateIssuer = false,
                    ValidateAudience = false
                };
            });
            services.AddSwaggerGen(c =>
            {
                c.SwaggerDoc("v1",
                    new OpenApiInfo
                    {
                        Title = "XXX項目接口文檔",
                        Version = "v1",
                        Contact = new OpenApiContact
                        {
                            Email = "xyf_xiao@cquni.com",
                            Name = "肖遠峰",
                            Url = new Uri("http://datacool.cnblogs.com")
                        }
                    });
                // 為 Swagger 設置xml文檔注釋路徑
                var xmlFile = $"{Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().Name}.xml";
                var xmlPath = Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, xmlFile);
                c.IncludeXmlComments(xmlPath);
                c.AddSecurityDefinition("Bearer",
                    new OpenApiSecurityScheme
                    {
                        Description = "請輸入OAuth接口返回的Token，前置Bearer。示例：Bearer {Roken}",
                        Name = "Authorization",
                        In = ParameterLocation.Header,//jwt默認存放Authorization信息的位置(請求頭中)
                        Type = SecuritySchemeType.ApiKey
                    });
                c.AddSecurityRequirement(new OpenApiSecurityRequirement
                {
                   {
                        new OpenApiSecurityScheme
                        {
                            Reference = new OpenApiReference()
                            {
                                Id = "Bearer",
                                Type = ReferenceType.SecurityScheme
                            }
                        }, Array.Empty<string>()
                    }
                });
            });           
            var posdbConnString = Configuration.GetConnectionString("POS_Db");
            services.AddDbContext<posdbContext>(option =>
            {
                option.UseMySql(posdbConnString, null);
            });
            services.AddScoped<IAuthenticateService, TokenAuthenticationService>();
            services.AddScoped<IUserService, UserService>();

        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }
            app.UseHttpsRedirection();
            app.UseAuthentication();
            app.UseRouting();
            app.UseAuthorization();
            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
            {
                endpoints.MapControllers();
            });
            app.UseSwagger();
            //啟用中間件服務生成SwaggerUI，指定Swagger JSON終結點
            app.UseSwaggerUI(c =>
            {
                c.SwaggerEndpoint("/swagger/v1/swagger.json", "XXX接口文檔 V1");
                c.RoutePrefix = string.Empty;//設置根節點訪問
            });
            app.UseLog4net();
        } 
    }
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace tokendemo
{
    public static class LoggeServiceExt
    {

        /// 使用log4net配置
        /// <param name="app"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static IApplicationBuilder UseLog4net(this IApplicationBuilder app)
        {
            var logRepository = log4net.LogManager.CreateRepository(Assembly.GetEntryAssembly(), typeof(log4net.Repository.Hierarchy.Hierarchy));
            log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator.Configure(logRepository, new FileInfo("log4net.config"));
            return app;
        }
    }
}

public interface IUserService
    {
        bool IsValid(LoginRequestDTO req);
    }

 public interface IAuthenticateService
    {
        bool IsAuthenticated(LoginRequestDTO request, out string token);
    }

public class UserService : IUserService
    {
        public bool IsValid(LoginRequestDTO req)
        {
            return true;
        }
    }

 public class TokenAuthenticationService : IAuthenticateService
    {
        private readonly IUserService _userService;
        private readonly TokenManagement _tokenManagement;
        private readonly posdbContext db;
        public TokenAuthenticationService(IUserService userService, IOptions<TokenManagement> tokenManagement, posdbContext posdb)
        {
            _userService = userService;
            _tokenManagement = tokenManagement.Value;
            db = posdb;
        }

        public string GetAuthentUser()
        {
            return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(db.SysApiAuthorize.ToList());
        }

        public bool IsAuthenticated(LoginRequestDTO request, out string token)
        {
            token = string.Empty;
            if (!_userService.IsValid(request))
                return false;
            var claims = new[]
            {
               new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,request.Username)
            };
            var key = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(_tokenManagement.Secret));
            var credentials = new SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);
            var jwtToken = new JwtSecurityToken(_tokenManagement.Issuer, _tokenManagement.Audience, claims, expires: DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(_tokenManagement.AccessExpiration), signingCredentials: credentials);

            token = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(jwtToken);
            return true;
        }
    }

 

token驗證是我關注的重點，而Swagger支持查看文檔的同時調用API，也支持授權認證，所以水到渠成。代碼命名都是比較規范的，當然大部分來源於別人的文章，這里就不作過多說明了。

asp.net core對依賴注入思想是貫徹始終的，新人需要在這個思想的領悟上下苦功夫才能駕馭她。

2）配置文件

 

 

Scaffold-DbContext "server=localhost;userid=root;pwd=dba#2020;port=3306;database=posdb;sslmode=none;" Pomelo.EntityFrameworkCore.MySql -OutputDir Models -Force

由於我的數據庫是先存在了，所以直接使用了nutget控制台生成了數據庫上下文對象和實體。注意向導生成的數據庫上下文里是把數據庫連接字符串寫死的，需要修改。本例是寫入appsettings.json里的。請重點看一下上面的配置和Startup里獲取配置的代碼。

3)關聯代碼，幾個數據傳輸類

public class TokenManagement
    {
        [JsonProperty("secret")]
        public string Secret { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty("issuer")]
        public string Issuer { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty("audience")]
        public string Audience { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty("accessExpiration")]
        public int AccessExpiration { get; set; }

        [JsonProperty("refreshExpiration")]
        public int RefreshExpiration { get; set; }
    }

public class WeatherForecast
    {
        public DateTime Date { get; set; }

        public int TemperatureC { get; set; }

        public int TemperatureF => 32 + (int)(TemperatureC / 0.5556);

        public string Summary { get; set; }
    }

 public class LoginRequestDTO
    {
        [Required]
        [JsonProperty("username")]
        public string Username { get; set; }


        [Required]
        [JsonProperty("password")]
        public string Password { get; set; }
    }

3）API控制器

 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
 3 using System.Linq;
 4 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 5 using log4net;
 6 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
 7 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
 8 
 9 namespace tokendemo.Controllers
10 {
11     [ApiController]
12     [Route("[controller]")]
13     [Authorize]
14     public class WeatherForecastController : ControllerBase
15     {
16         private readonly ILog _logger; 
17         public WeatherForecastController()
18         {
19             _logger = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(WeatherForecastController)); 
20         }
21         private static readonly string[] Summaries = new[]
22         {
23             "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching"
24         };
25 
26 
27         [HttpGet]
28         public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> Get()
29         {
30             var rng = new Random();
31             _logger.Info("OK");
32             return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast
33             {
34                 Date = DateTime.Now.AddDays(index),
35                 TemperatureC = rng.Next(-20, 55),
36                 Summary = Summaries[rng.Next(Summaries.Length)]
37             })
38             .ToArray();
39         }
40  
41     }
42 }

這個大家應該很熟悉了，這就是vs2019向導創建的API控制器。[Authorize]標記會導致401錯誤，就是表示先要去獲取access token，在Header里帶入Bearer+空格+token才可以正常調用。

授權控制器

 

 

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace tokendemo.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    [ApiController]
    public class AuthenticationController : ControllerBase
    {
        private readonly IAuthenticateService _authService;
        public AuthenticationController(IAuthenticateService service)
        {
            _authService = service;
        }

        [AllowAnonymous]
        [HttpPost, Route("requestToken")]
        public ActionResult RequestToken([FromBody] LoginRequestDTO request)
        {
            if (!ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                return BadRequest("Invalid Request");
            }
            string token;
            var authTime = DateTime.UtcNow;
            if (_authService.IsAuthenticated(request, out token))
            {
                return Ok(new 
                {
                    access_token = token,
                    token_type = "Bearer",
                    profile = new
                    {
                        sid = request.Username, 
                        auth_time = new DateTimeOffset(authTime).ToUnixTimeSeconds()                       
                    }
                });
            }
            return BadRequest("Invalid Request");
        }
    }
}

收獲與感想

• 1、妥妥的吃了次螃蟹，收獲了經驗
• 2、正在“為自己挖一口井”的路上
• 3、.net core算是入門了
• 4、源碼我是沒自信放到github的，后面會加上下載鏈接
• 5、伙計們分享起來吧，這個生態建設任重而道遠啊。

這里是源碼下載的地址：https://files.cnblogs.com/files/datacool/tokendemo.zip