Django+gunicorn+nginx項目部署


  通過gunicorn部署django項目,比使用uwsgi方式要簡單,具體操作如下:

  步驟:

 1. 安裝依賴

yum install python3
yum install nginx (或者下載nginx包部署)
yum install gunicorn
pip install gevent   # 這個是gunicorn運行的一種模式
easy_install -U greenlet
easy_install -U eventlet
pip install gevent

2. 檢查python/nginx安裝是否成功

     a. 輸入python3,是否出現交互命令頁面

      

     b. 啟動nginx, 瀏覽器訪問ip,出現weclome ngix

舉例:

 啟動nginx:        ./nginx

2種方式驗證nginx是否啟動/安裝成功:

     進程查看: ps -ef |grep nginx 

     頁面訪問:  

     

 3. gunicorn 簡單使用

    按照上面的例子,當前目錄為 /home/myapp, myapp中有一個包 gunicorn_app,gunicorn_app.py代碼如下:

 
         
def app(environ, start_response):
data = b"Hello, World!\n"
start_response("200 OK", [("Content-Type", "text/plain"),("Content-Length", str(len(data)))])
return iter([data])

我們將要運行 test.py文件中的 app(當然名字由你決定,可以是myapp,demo等等)

       gunicorn -w 2 gunicorn_app:app

    

 上圖展示了兩個很重要的信息:

   第一:啟動了兩個worker,這是通過"-w 2"指定(默認為1)
   第二:worker的工作模型是sync(默認),后面會詳細介紹worker模型
 
 
 
Django項目部署
      項目結構:
      
    1. 上傳django項目到 /data/service目錄下,在 /data/service/Django_project目錄下 創建 static目錄
    2. 配置nginx文件, /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user  root;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  192.168.252.79;
        charset utf-8;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            proxy_pass http://0.0.0.0:8001; # 這里要配合啟動文件使用
            proxy_redirect     off;
            proxy_set_header   Host                 $http_host;
            proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP            $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For      $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
              proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-Proto    $scheme;
         }
         
      location /static {
            alias   /data/service/Django_project/static/;
        }    
  
        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #     listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
}
View Code

   3. 加載靜態文件,具體步驟如下:

        a. 修改settings.py中STATIC_ROOT為你的static靜態文件的物理路徑,比如說我靜態文件存放在/data/service/Django_project/static中,首先創建Django目錄下的static文件夾,最后修改settings.py中STATIC_ROOT指向/data/service/Django_project/static.

       b. 運行python3 manage.py collectstatic命令,這將從Django資源包中復制必須的靜態文件到STATIC_ROOT指示的static文件夾中,這其中包括admin界面所必須的樣式表(style)、圖片(image)及腳本(js)等。

       c.修改nginx配置文件, nginx.conf中指向static目錄。

    4. Django根目錄創建 gunicorn.py文件,具體內容如下:

#gunicorn.py
# coding:utf-8
import multiprocessing
bind = '0.0.0.0:8001'      #綁定ip和端口號
backlog = 512                #監聽隊列
chdir = '/data/service/Django_project'  #gunicorn要切換到的目的工作目錄
timeout = 30      #超時
worker_class = 'gevent' #使用gevent模式,還可以使用sync 模式,默認的是sync模式

workers = multiprocessing.cpu_count() * 2 + 1    #進程數
threads = 2 #指定每個進程開啟的線程數
loglevel = 'info' #日志級別,這個日志級別指的是錯誤日志的級別,而訪問日志的級別無法設置
access_log_format = '%(t)s %(p)s %(h)s "%(r)s" %(s)s %(L)s %(b)s %(f)s" "%(a)s"'    #設置gunicorn訪問日志格式,錯誤日志無法設置

accesslog = "/home/gunicorn_log/gunicorn_access.log"      #訪問日志文件
errorlog = "/home/gunicorn_log/gunicorn_error.log"        #錯誤日志文件

 5. 可以通過命令啟動服務,也可以指向腳本啟動服務

      命令: /data/service/Django_project目錄下,執行  gunicorn Djanfo_project.wsgi -c gunicorn.py

      腳本: 在/data/service/Django_project目錄,創建 restrt.sh, 具體內容如下:   ./restart.sh start 

#!/bin/sh
## service name
#項目的目錄
SERVICE_DIR=/data/service/Django_project
#gunicorn的名字
SERVICE_NAME=gunicorn
#gunicorn的配置文件名
SERVICE_CONF=gunicon.py
#pid存放的位置
PID=gunicorn\.pid
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/python3/bin
cd $SERVICE_DIR

start(){
       nohup gunicorn app_basic_info.wsgi -c $SERVICE_DIR/gunicorn.py>/dev/null 2>&1 &
       echo $! > $SERVICE_DIR/$PID
       echo "*** start $SERVICE_NAME ***"
}
stop(){
       kill `cat $SERVICE_DIR/$PID`
       rm -rf $SERVICE_DIR/$PID
       echo "*** stop $SERVICE_NAME ***"

       sleep 2
       P_ID=`ps -ef | grep -w "$SERVICE_NAME" | grep -v "grep" | awk '{print $2}'`
       if [ "$P_ID" == "" ]; then
           echo "*** $SERVICE_NAME process not exists or stop success ***"
       else
           echo "*** $SERVICE_NAME process pid is:$P_ID ***"
           echo "*** begin kill $SERVICE_NAME process,kill is:$P_ID ***"
           kill -9 $P_ID
       fi
}
f_usage() {
   echo "USAGE: restart [options]"
   echo "OPTIONS:"
   echo "       start"
   echo "       stop "
   echo "       restart"
}
case "$1" in

   "start")
       start
       ;;
   "stop")
       stop
       ;;
   "restart")
       stop
       sleep 2
       start
       echo "*** restart $SERVICE_NAME ***"
       ;;
   *)
   f_usage
   ;;

esac
exit 0
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   6. 瀏覽器訪問, http://localhost/admin/login

     
參考: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_30546933/article/details/95052022
           https://blog.csdn.net/a1007720052/article/details/78913185


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