SpringSecurity整合JWT

分布式認證概念說明
分布式認證，即我們常說的單點登錄，簡稱SSO，指的是在多應用系統的項目中，用戶只需要登錄一次，就可以訪
問所有互相信任的應用系統。
分布式認證流程圖
首先，我們要明確，在分布式項目中，每台服務器都有各自獨立的session，而這些session之間是無法直接共享資
源的，所以，session通常不能被作為單點登錄的技術方案。
最合理的單點登錄方案流程如下圖所示：

總結一下，單點登錄的實現分兩大環節：
用戶認證：這一環節主要是用戶向認證服務器發起認證請求，認證服務器給用戶返回一個成功的令牌token，
主要在認證服務器中完成，即圖中的A系統，注意A系統只能有一個。
身份校驗：這一環節是用戶攜帶token去訪問其他服務器時，在其他服務器中要對token的真偽進行檢驗，主
要在資源服務器中完成，即圖中的B系統，這里B系統可以有很多個。
JWT介紹
從分布式認證流程中，我們不難發現，這中間起最關鍵作用的就是token，token的安全與否，直接關系到系統的
健壯性，這里我們選擇使用JWT來實現token的生成和校驗。
JWT，全稱JSON Web Token，官網地址https://jwt.io，是一款出色的分布式身份校驗方案。可以生成token，也可
以解析檢驗token。

JWT生成的token由三部分組成：
頭部：主要設置一些規范信息，簽名部分的編碼格式就在頭部中聲明。
載荷：token中存放有效信息的部分，比如用戶名，用戶角色，過期時間等，但是不要放密碼，會泄露！
簽名：將頭部與載荷分別采用base64編碼后，用“.”相連，再加入鹽，最后使用頭部聲明的編碼類型進行編碼，就得到了簽名。

JWT生成token的安全性分析:
從JWT生成的token組成上來看，要想避免token被偽造，主要就得看簽名部分了，而簽名部分又有三部分組成，其
中頭部和載荷的base64編碼，幾乎是透明的，毫無安全性可言，那么最終守護token安全的重擔就落在了加入的鹽
上面了！

非對稱加密RSA介紹
基本原理：同時生成兩把密鑰：私鑰和公鑰，私鑰隱秘保存，公鑰可以下發給信任客戶端
私鑰加密，持有私鑰或公鑰才可以解密
公鑰加密，持有私鑰才可解密
優點：安全，難以破解
缺點：算法比較耗時，為了安全，可以接受
歷史：三位數學家Rivest、Shamir 和 Adleman 設計了一種算法，可以實現非對稱加密。這種算法用他們三
個人的名字縮寫：RSA。
JWT相關工具類
jar包

<dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt-api</artifactId>
            <version>0.10.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt-impl</artifactId>
            <version>0.10.7</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt-jackson</artifactId>
            <version>0.10.7</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

載荷對象 

@Data
public class Payload<T> {
    private String id;
    private T userInfo;
    private Date expiration;
}

public class JsonUtils {

    public static final ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JsonUtils.class);

    public static String toString(Object obj) {
        if (obj == null) {
            return null;
        }
        if (obj.getClass() == String.class) {
            return (String) obj;
        }
        try {
            return mapper.writeValueAsString(obj);
        } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
            logger.error("json序列化出錯：" + obj, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static <T> T toBean(String json, Class<T> tClass) {
        try {
            return mapper.readValue(json, tClass);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.error("json解析出錯：" + json, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static <E> List<E> toList(String json, Class<E> eClass) {
        try {
            return mapper.readValue(json, mapper.getTypeFactory().constructCollectionType(List.class, eClass));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.error("json解析出錯：" + json, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static <K, V> Map<K, V> toMap(String json, Class<K> kClass, Class<V> vClass) {
        try {
            return mapper.readValue(json, mapper.getTypeFactory().constructMapType(Map.class, kClass, vClass));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.error("json解析出錯：" + json, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static <T> T nativeRead(String json, TypeReference<T> type) {
        try {
            return mapper.readValue(json, type);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.error("json解析出錯：" + json, e);
            return null;
        }
    }
}

public class JwtUtils {

    private static final String JWT_PAYLOAD_USER_KEY = "user";

    /**
     * 私鑰加密token
     *
     * @param userInfo   載荷中的數據
     * @param privateKey 私鑰
     * @param expire     過期時間，單位分鍾
     * @return JWT
     */
    public static String generateTokenExpireInMinutes(Object userInfo, PrivateKey privateKey, int expire) {
        return Jwts.builder()
                .claim(JWT_PAYLOAD_USER_KEY, JsonUtils.toString(userInfo))
                .setId(createJTI())
                .setExpiration(DateTime.now().plusMinutes(expire).toDate())
                .signWith(privateKey, SignatureAlgorithm.RS256)
                .compact();
    }

    /**
     * 私鑰加密token
     *
     * @param userInfo   載荷中的數據
     * @param privateKey 私鑰
     * @param expire     過期時間，單位秒
     * @return JWT
     */
    public static String generateTokenExpireInSeconds(Object userInfo, PrivateKey privateKey, int expire) {
        return Jwts.builder()
                .claim(JWT_PAYLOAD_USER_KEY, JsonUtils.toString(userInfo))
                .setId(createJTI())
                .setExpiration(DateTime.now().plusSeconds(expire).toDate())
                .signWith(privateKey, SignatureAlgorithm.RS256)
                .compact();
    }

    /**
     * 公鑰解析token
     *
     * @param token     用戶請求中的token
     * @param publicKey 公鑰
     * @return Jws<Claims>
     */
    private static Jws<Claims> parserToken(String token, PublicKey publicKey) {
        return Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(publicKey).parseClaimsJws(token);
    }

    private static String createJTI() {
        return new String(Base64.getEncoder().encode(UUID.randomUUID().toString().getBytes()));
    }

    /**
     * 獲取token中的用戶信息
     *
     * @param token     用戶請求中的令牌
     * @param publicKey 公鑰
     * @return 用戶信息
     */
    public static <T> Payload<T> getInfoFromToken(String token, PublicKey publicKey, Class<T> userType) {
        Jws<Claims> claimsJws = parserToken(token, publicKey);
        Claims body = claimsJws.getBody();
        Payload<T> claims = new Payload<>();
        claims.setId(body.getId());
        claims.setUserInfo(JsonUtils.toBean(body.get(JWT_PAYLOAD_USER_KEY).toString(), userType));
        claims.setExpiration(body.getExpiration());
        return claims;
    }

    /**
     * 獲取token中的載荷信息
     *
     * @param token     用戶請求中的令牌
     * @param publicKey 公鑰
     * @return 用戶信息
     */
    public static <T> Payload<T> getInfoFromToken(String token, PublicKey publicKey) {
        Jws<Claims> claimsJws = parserToken(token, publicKey);
        Claims body = claimsJws.getBody();
        Payload<T> claims = new Payload<>();
        claims.setId(body.getId());
        claims.setExpiration(body.getExpiration());
        return claims;
    }
}

public class RsaUtils {

    private static final int DEFAULT_KEY_SIZE = 2048;
    /**
     * 從文件中讀取公鑰
     *
     * @param filename 公鑰保存路徑，相對於classpath
     * @return 公鑰對象
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static PublicKey getPublicKey(String filename) throws Exception {
        byte[] bytes = readFile(filename);
        return getPublicKey(bytes);
    }

    /**
     * 從文件中讀取密鑰
     *
     * @param filename 私鑰保存路徑，相對於classpath
     * @return 私鑰對象
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static PrivateKey getPrivateKey(String filename) throws Exception {
        byte[] bytes = readFile(filename);
        return getPrivateKey(bytes);
    }

    /**
     * 獲取公鑰
     *
     * @param bytes 公鑰的字節形式
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static PublicKey getPublicKey(byte[] bytes) throws Exception {
        bytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(bytes);
        X509EncodedKeySpec spec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(bytes);
        KeyFactory factory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
        return factory.generatePublic(spec);
    }

    /**
     * 獲取密鑰
     *
     * @param bytes 私鑰的字節形式
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static PrivateKey getPrivateKey(byte[] bytes) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException {
        bytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(bytes);
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec spec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(bytes);
        KeyFactory factory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
        return factory.generatePrivate(spec);
    }

    /**
     * 根據密文，生存rsa公鑰和私鑰,並寫入指定文件
     *
     * @param publicKeyFilename  公鑰文件路徑
     * @param privateKeyFilename 私鑰文件路徑
     * @param secret             生成密鑰的密文
     */
    public static void generateKey(String publicKeyFilename, String privateKeyFilename, String secret, int keySize) throws Exception {
        KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
        SecureRandom secureRandom = new SecureRandom(secret.getBytes());
        keyPairGenerator.initialize(Math.max(keySize, DEFAULT_KEY_SIZE), secureRandom);
        KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.genKeyPair();
        // 獲取公鑰並寫出
        byte[] publicKeyBytes = keyPair.getPublic().getEncoded();
        publicKeyBytes = Base64.getEncoder().encode(publicKeyBytes);
        writeFile(publicKeyFilename, publicKeyBytes);
        // 獲取私鑰並寫出
        byte[] privateKeyBytes = keyPair.getPrivate().getEncoded();
        privateKeyBytes = Base64.getEncoder().encode(privateKeyBytes);
        writeFile(privateKeyFilename, privateKeyBytes);
    }

    private static byte[] readFile(String fileName) throws Exception {
        return Files.readAllBytes(new File(fileName).toPath());
    }

    private static void writeFile(String destPath, byte[] bytes) throws IOException {
        File dest = new File(destPath);
        if (!dest.exists()) {
            dest.createNewFile();
        }
        Files.write(dest.toPath(), bytes);
    }
}

回顧集中式認證流程
用戶認證：
使用UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter過濾器中attemptAuthentication方法實現認證功能，該過濾
器父類中successfulAuthentication方法實現認證成功后的操作。
身份校驗：
使用BasicAuthenticationFilter過濾器中doFilterInternal方法驗證是否登錄，以決定能否進入后續過濾器。
分析分布式認證流程
用戶認證：
由於，分布式項目，多數是前后端分離的架構設計，我們要滿足可以接受異步post的認證請求參數，需要修
改UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter過濾器中attemptAuthentication方法，讓其能夠接收請求體。

另外，默認successfulAuthentication方法在認證通過后，是把用戶信息直接放入session就完事了，現在我
們需要修改這個方法，在認證通過后生成token並返回給用戶。
身份校驗：
原來BasicAuthenticationFilter過濾器中doFilterInternal方法校驗用戶是否登錄，就是看session中是否有用
戶信息，我們要修改為，驗證用戶攜帶的token是否合法，並解析出用戶信息，交給SpringSecurity，以便於
后續的授權功能可以正常使用。

SpringSecurity+JWT+RSA分布式認證實現 

public class RsaUtilsTest {

    private String privateFilePath = "D:\\id_key_rsa";
    private String publicFilePath = "D:\\id_key_rsa.pub";

    @Test
    public void generateKey() throws Exception {
        RsaUtils.generateKey(publicFilePath, privateFilePath, "topcheer", 2048);
    }

    @Test
    public void getPublicKey() throws Exception {
        System.out.println(RsaUtils.getPublicKey(publicFilePath));
    }

    @Test
    public void getPrivateKey() throws Exception {
        System.out.println(RsaUtils.getPrivateKey(privateFilePath));
    }


    @Test
    public void testGetPublicKey() {
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetPrivateKey() {
    }

    @Test
    public void testGenerateKey() {
    }
}

 

 

 認證服務
創建認證服務工程並導入jar包

  <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.topcheer</groupId>
            <artifactId>topcheer_common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.47</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

 

配置文件

server:
  port: 9001
spring:
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql:///security_authority
    username: root
    password: 123456
mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: com.topcheer.domain
  configuration:
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
logging:
  level:
    com.topcheer: debug
rsa:
  key:
    pubKeyFile: D:\id_key_rsa.pub
    priKeyFile: D:\id_key_rsa

提供解析公鑰和私鑰的配置類

@ConfigurationProperties("rsa.key")
public class RsaKeyProperties {

    private String pubKeyFile;
    private String priKeyFile;

    private PublicKey publicKey;
    private PrivateKey privateKey;

    @PostConstruct
    public void createRsaKey() throws Exception {
        publicKey = RsaUtils.getPublicKey(pubKeyFile);
        privateKey = RsaUtils.getPrivateKey(priKeyFile);
    }

    public String getPubKeyFile() {
        return pubKeyFile;
    }

    public void setPubKeyFile(String pubKeyFile) {
        this.pubKeyFile = pubKeyFile;
    }

    public String getPriKeyFile() {
        return priKeyFile;
    }

    public void setPriKeyFile(String priKeyFile) {
        this.priKeyFile = priKeyFile;
    }

    public PublicKey getPublicKey() {
        return publicKey;
    }

    public void setPublicKey(PublicKey publicKey) {
        this.publicKey = publicKey;
    }

    public PrivateKey getPrivateKey() {
        return privateKey;
    }

    public void setPrivateKey(PrivateKey privateKey) {
        this.privateKey = privateKey;
    }
}

 

配置類

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.topcheer.mapper")
@EnableConfigurationProperties(RsaKeyProperties.class)
public class AuthServerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(AuthServerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

 

認證過濾器：

public class JwtLoginFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter {

    private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
    private RsaKeyProperties prop;

    public JwtLoginFilter(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager, RsaKeyProperties prop) {
        this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager;
        this.prop = prop;
    }

    @Override
    public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {
        try {
            SysUser sysUser = new ObjectMapper().readValue(request.getInputStream(), SysUser.class);
            UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(sysUser.getUsername(), sysUser.getPassword());
            return authenticationManager.authenticate(authRequest);
        }catch (Exception e){
            try {
                response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
                response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
                PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
                Map resultMap = new HashMap();
                resultMap.put("code", HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
                resultMap.put("msg", "用戶名或密碼錯誤！");
                out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(resultMap));
                out.flush();
                out.close();
            }catch (Exception outEx){
                outEx.printStackTrace();
            }
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void successfulAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain, Authentication authResult) throws IOException, ServletException {
        SysUser user = new SysUser();
        user.setUsername(authResult.getName());
        user.setRoles((List<SysRole>) authResult.getAuthorities());
        String token = JwtUtils.generateTokenExpireInMinutes(user, prop.getPrivateKey(), 24 * 60);
        response.addHeader("Authorization", "Bearer "+token);
        try {
            response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
            response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
            PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
            Map resultMap = new HashMap();
            resultMap.put("code", HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
            resultMap.put("msg", "認證通過！");
            out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(resultMap));
            out.flush();
            out.close();
        }catch (Exception outEx){
            outEx.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(securedEnabled=true)
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Autowired
    private RsaKeyProperties prop;

    @Bean
    public BCryptPasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }

    //指定認證對象的來源
    @Override
    public void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        auth.userDetailsService(userService).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
    }
    //SpringSecurity配置信息
    @Override
    public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.csrf()
            .disable()
            .authorizeRequests()
            .antMatchers("/product").hasAnyRole("USER")
            .anyRequest()
            .authenticated()
            .and()
            .addFilter(new JwtLoginFilter(super.authenticationManager(), prop))
            .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS);
    }
}

啟動測試認證服務
認證請求 

 

 

 

資源服務
資源服務可以有很多個，這里只拿產品服務為例，記住，資源服務中只能通過公鑰驗證認證。不能簽發token！
創建產品服務並導入jar包
根據實際業務導包即可，咱們就暫時和認證服務一樣了。

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.topcheer</groupId>
            <artifactId>topcheer_common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.47</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

編寫產品服務配置文件
切記這里只能有公鑰地址！

server:
  port: 9002
spring:
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql:///security_authority
    username: root
    password: 123456
mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: com.topcheer.domain
  configuration:
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
logging:
  level:
    com.topcheer: debug
rsa:
  key:
    pubKeyFile: D:\id_key_rsa.pub

編寫讀取公鑰的配置類

@ConfigurationProperties("rsa.key")
public class RsaKeyProperties {

    private String pubKeyFile;

    private PublicKey publicKey;

    @PostConstruct
    public void createRsaKey() throws Exception {
        publicKey = RsaUtils.getPublicKey(pubKeyFile);
    }

    public String getPubKeyFile() {
        return pubKeyFile;
    }

    public void setPubKeyFile(String pubKeyFile) {
        this.pubKeyFile = pubKeyFile;
    }

    public PublicKey getPublicKey() {
        return publicKey;
    }

    public void setPublicKey(PublicKey publicKey) {
        this.publicKey = publicKey;
    }

}

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(securedEnabled=true)
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Autowired
    private RsaKeyProperties prop;

    //SpringSecurity配置信息
    @Override
    public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.csrf()
            .disable()
            .authorizeRequests()
            .antMatchers("/product").hasAnyRole("USER")
            .anyRequest()
            .authenticated()
            .and()
            .addFilter(new JwtVerifyFilter(super.authenticationManager(), prop))
            .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS);
    }
}

web層

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/product")
public class ProductController {

    @Secured("ROLE_PRODUCT")
    @RequestMapping("/findAll")
    public String findAll(){
        return "產品列表查詢成功！";
    }

}

 驗證token服務器

public class JwtVerifyFilter extends BasicAuthenticationFilter {

    private RsaKeyProperties prop;

    public JwtVerifyFilter(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager, RsaKeyProperties prop) {
        super(authenticationManager);
        this.prop = prop;
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        String header = request.getHeader("Authorization");
        if (header == null || !header.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
            //如果攜帶錯誤的token，則給用戶提示請登錄！
            chain.doFilter(request, response);
            response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
            response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
            PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
            Map resultMap = new HashMap();
            resultMap.put("code", HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
            resultMap.put("msg", "請登錄！");
            out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(resultMap));
            out.flush();
            out.close();
        } else {
            //如果攜帶了正確格式的token要先得到token
            String token = header.replace("Bearer ", "");
            //驗證tken是否正確
            Payload<SysUser> payload = JwtUtils.getInfoFromToken(token, prop.getPublicKey(), SysUser.class);
            SysUser user = payload.getUserInfo();
            if(user!=null){
                UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authResult = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(user.getUsername(), null, user.getAuthorities());
                SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authResult);
                chain.doFilter(request, response);
            }
        }
    }




}

測試：

攜帶上面的token進行訪問這個服務器

當這個用戶沒有權限的時候，就報這個錯，下面給用戶添加權限