python安裝第三方庫時的一些bug 鏡像源修改

前序

飄得太久的，今天終於下定決心開始繼續學習了，第一步：打開我的PyCharm，第二部：安裝庫 報錯 o(╥﹏╥)o我太難了

D:\PyCharm_Project>`pip install pdfminer3K`
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None
eoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443)
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None
eoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443)
Collecting pdfminer3K
  Downloading pdfminer3k-1.3.1.tar.gz (4.1 MB)
     |█▌                              | 184 kB 4.2 kB/s
ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "d:\users\zxy\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_ven
dor\urllib3\response.py", line 425, in _error_catcher
    yield
  File "d:\users\zxy\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_ven
...
raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length
_remaining)
  File "d:\users\zxy\anaconda3\lib\contextlib.py", line 1
30, in __exit__
    self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
  File "d:\users\zxy\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_ven
dor\urllib3\response.py", line 430, in _error_catcher
    raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed
out.")
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSCon
nectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Rea
d timed out.

嘗試一：百度了一種做法即延時處理

• D:\PyCharm_Project>pip --default-timeout=100 install pdfminer3k
  Collecting pdfminer3k
  Downloading pdfminer3k-1.3.1.tar.gz (4.1 MB)
  |██████ | 803 kB 11 kB/s eta
  ERROR: THESE PACKAGES DO NOT MATCH THE HASHES FROM THE REQUIREME
  update the hashes. Otherwise, examine the package contents caref
  pdfminer3k from https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8c/8
  ac2/pdfminer3k-1.3.1.tar.gz#sha256=1670de8ddb9aaff8f28d61abc918e
  Expected sha256 1670de8ddb9aaff8f28d61abc918e6a85c469fd8
  Got 08be56ca2bb19e6ebb7a9b3385c1b56861130b9f
  **

嘗試二：

• D:\PyCharm_Project>pip --upgrade install pdfminer3k
  Collecting pdfminer3k
  Downloading pdfminer3k-1.3.1.tar.gz (4.1 MB)
  | | 10 kB 1.9 kB/s et
  ...
  raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed out.")
  pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pytho

嘗試三：完結篇

• D:\PyCharm_Project>pip --default-timeout=200 install --upgrade pdfminer3k
  Collecting pdfminer3k
  Downloading pdfminer3k-1.3.1.tar.gz (4.1 MB)
  |████████████████████████████████| 4.1 MB 22 kB/s
  Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: pytest>=2.0 in d:\users\zxy\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from pdfminer3k) (3.8.0)
  Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: ply>=3.4 in d:\users\zxy\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from pdfminer3k) (3.11)
  Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: py>=1.5.0 in d:\users\zxy\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=2.0->pdfminer3k) (1.6.0)
  Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: six>=1.10.0 in d:\users\zxy\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=2.0->pdfminer3k) (1.11.0)
  ...
  168c5dbe243c6f
  Stored in directory: c:\users\zxy\appdata\local\pip\cache\wheels\a0\01\8f\91cc04fb57e65aac816dce1bf6d01d6769e103820967a31ba4
  Successfully built pdfminer3k
  Installing collected packages: pdfminer3k
  Successfully installed pdfminer3k-1.3.1

總結

pip下載超時處理 raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, ‘Read timed out.’)

方案一：對於比較小的庫，可以延時處理

Python pip --default-timeout=100 install -U pip
Python pip --default-timeout=100 install 第三方庫名

方案二：更換安裝源

網上可以查找很多豆瓣源,如https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

Python pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple pyecharts
Python pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple 庫名

出錯使用這種 ：Python pip install --index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ lightgbm

方案三：下載離線包

python所有庫：(https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#lxml),然后通過pip install 保存路徑/加上下載的文件名 進行安裝 ,如
Python pip install C:\Users\HP\Desktop\scikit_image-0.14.1-cp37-cp37m-win32.whl

終極篇

1、在你的“C:\Users\你的用戶名\”目錄下創建“pip”目錄，“pip”目錄下創建“pip.ini”文件（注意：以UTF-8 無BOM格式編碼）；
“pip.ini”文件內容：
[global] timeout = 6000 index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple [install] use-mirrors = true mirrors = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple trusted-host = pypi.douban.com

• 注意：trusted-host 選項為了避免麻煩是必須的，否則使用的時候會提示不受信任，或者添加“--trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com”選項；
• 注意：有網頁提示需要創建或修改配置文件（linux的文件在~/.pip/pip.conf，windows在%HOMEPATH%\pip\pip.ini），至少Windows7下“%HOMEPATH%\pip\pip.ini”這個目錄是不起作用的。
  2、在這里添加鏡像源

常用鏡像源
清華：https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
阿里雲：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
中國科技大學 https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/

參考博客鏈接：

• https://www.cnblogs.com/oneWhite/p/12124424.html
• https://blog.csdn.net/lincoco49/article/details/85381383
• https://segmentfault.com/q/1010000000162410
• https://www.cnblogs.com/legendjslc/p/7465907.html