開始學習python，因為MAC本自帶2.7，版本較低，下載了python3.8，安裝后按照之前博文的方法進行了升級。目前敲入python, 直接進入了python3.8.
但是發現pip3命令無法更新。執行pip3 install --upgrade pip時，報如下錯誤，蒙頭晚上查了一圈方法，折騰很久。
Collecting pip
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/54/0c/d01aa759fdc501a58f431eb594a17495f15b88da142ce14b5845662c13f3/pip-20.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4MB)
|███████████████████▋ | 880kB 7.4kB/s eta 0:01:16ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 397, in _error_catcher
yield
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 479, in read
data = self._fp.read(amt)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/filewrapper.py", line 62, in read
data = self.__fp.read(amt)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/http/client.py", line 454, in read
n = self.readinto(b)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/http/client.py", line 498, in readinto
n = self.fp.readinto(b)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/socket.py", line 669, in readinto
return self._sock.recv_into(b)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/ssl.py", line 1241, in recv_into
return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/ssl.py", line 1099, in read
return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
socket.timeout: The read operation timed out
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 188, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 345, in run
resolver.resolve(requirement_set)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/legacy_resolve.py", line 196, in resolve
self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/legacy_resolve.py", line 359, in _resolve_one
abstract_dist = self._get_abstract_dist_for(req_to_install)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/legacy_resolve.py", line 305, in _get_abstract_dist_for
abstract_dist = self.preparer.prepare_linked_requirement(
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py", line 195, in prepare_linked_requirement
unpack_url(
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 1058, in unpack_url
unpack_http_url(
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 920, in unpack_http_url
from_path, content_type = _download_http_url(link,
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 1152, in _download_http_url
_download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes, progress_bar)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 861, in _download_url
hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/hashes.py", line 75, in check_against_chunks
for chunk in chunks:
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 829, in written_chunks
for chunk in chunks:
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/ui.py", line 156, in iter
for x in it:
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 794, in resp_read
for chunk in resp.raw.stream(
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 531, in stream
data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 496, in read
raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/contextlib.py", line 131, in __exit__
self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 402, in _error_catcher
raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, 'Read timed out.')
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out.
WARNING: You are using pip version 19.2.3, however version 20.0.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
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因為試了網上很多方法都沒用，問題就是沒關注到文字標黑的部分，別人的問題都跟自己的不一樣，需要仔細看自己的報錯，超時超時。馬上將升級命令換成
pip3 --default-timeout=1000 install --upgrade pip （時間可以從小到打自行設定，一般500就夠了）
問題瞬間解決，總結：真心不能盲目着急，仔細查看問題所在，是必修之路。記錄在此，點點滴滴，總會進步。