Ubuntu18.04的CUDA10.0和CUDA9.0共存方法

注：幾個月前寫的，忘了發布了。

背景：已經安裝了CUDA10.0,需要暫時使用CUDA9.0來調試某個代碼庫，但安裝CUDA9.0失敗。
提示：

Error: unsupported compiler: 7.5.0. Use --override to override this check.

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= Summary =
===========

Driver:   Not Selected
Toolkit:  Installation Failed. Using unsupported Compiler.
Samples:  Not Selected

原因分析：

$ gcc --version
gcc (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04) 7.5.0
Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

CUDA9.0不支持gcc7.x，查了一下發現支持gcc6.x，於是需要對gcc降級。

sudo apt install gcc-6
$ gcc --version
gcc (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04) 7.5.0

安裝后發現還是7.5.0
查看已安裝的gcc版本

$ ls /usr/bin/gcc* 
/usr/bin/gcc    /usr/bin/gcc-ar    /usr/bin/gcc-nm    /usr/bin/gcc-ranlib
/usr/bin/gcc-6  /usr/bin/gcc-ar-6  /usr/bin/gcc-nm-6  /usr/bin/gcc-ranlib-6
/usr/bin/gcc-7  /usr/bin/gcc-ar-7  /usr/bin/gcc-nm-7  /usr/bin/gcc-ranlib-7

發現確實有gcc-6，但還在運行7，於是給gcc-6設置更高的優先級

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-6 88
$ gcc --version
gcc (Ubuntu 6.5.0-2ubuntu1~18.04) 6.5.0 20181026

這時候已經可以安裝CUDA9.0了。
如果想要切換回gcc-7，就執行

sudo update-alternatives --remove gcc /usr/bin/gcc-6
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-7 88

最后還有點小問題，但似乎不影響使用

Installing the CUDA Toolkit in /usr/local/cuda-9.0 ...

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= Summary =
===========

Driver:   Not Selected
Toolkit:  Installed in /usr/local/cuda-9.0
Samples:  Not Selected

Please make sure that
 -   PATH includes /usr/local/cuda-9.0/bin
 -   LD_LIBRARY_PATH includes /usr/local/cuda-9.0/lib64, or, add /usr/local/cuda-9.0/lib64 to /etc/ld.so.conf and run ldconfig as root

To uninstall the CUDA Toolkit, run the uninstall script in /usr/local/cuda-9.0/bin

Please see CUDA_Installation_Guide_Linux.pdf in /usr/local/cuda-9.0/doc/pdf for detailed information on setting up CUDA.

***WARNING: Incomplete installation! This installation did not install the CUDA Driver. A driver of version at least 384.00 is required for CUDA 9.0 functionality to work.
To install the driver using this installer, run the following command, replacing <CudaInstaller> with the name of this run file:
    sudo <CudaInstaller>.run -silent -driver

Logfile is /tmp/cuda_install_16377.log