一、多導航屬性配型
在 Post 類中,可能需要跟蹤是文章的創建者和最后編輯者,下面是 Post 類的兩個新的導航屬性。
1、設置導航屬性方式
public class Post { public int PostId { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } public string Content { get; set; } public User Author { get; set; } public User Contributor { get; set; } } public class User { public string UserId { get; set; } public string FirstName { get; set; } public string LastName { get; set; } [InverseProperty(nameof(Post.Author))] //設置反轉導航屬性 public List<Post> AuthoredPosts { get; set; } [InverseProperty(nameof(Post.Contributor))] //設置反轉導航屬性 public List<Post> ContributedToPosts { get; set; } }
在Post類設置反轉導航屬性也可以
public class Post { public int PostId { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } public string Content { get; set; }
[InverseProperty(nameof(User.AuthoredPosts))] public User Author { get; set; }
[InverseProperty(nameof(User.ContributedToPosts))] public User Contributor { get; set; } } public class User { public string UserId { get; set; } public string FirstName { get; set; } public string LastName { get; set; } public List<Post> AuthoredPosts { get; set; } public List<Post> ContributedToPosts { get; set; } }
Post表會默認生成:“導航屬性名Id” 的外鍵 AuthorId,ContributorId
2.ForeignKeyAttribute方式設置
public class Post { public int PostId { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } public string Content { get; set; } public User Author { get; set; } public User Contributor { get; set; } } public class User { public string UserId { get; set; } public string FirstName { get; set; } public string LastName { get; set; } public User Author { get; set; } [ForeignKey("AuthorID")] public string ContributorID { get; set; } [ForeignKey("ContributorID")] public User Contributor { get; set; } }
3.Fluent API方式
modelBuilder.Entity<Post>().HasOne(p => p.Author).WithMany(u=>u.AuthoredPosts).HasForeignKey("AuthorId"); modelBuilder.Entity<Post>().HasOne(p => p.Contributor).WithMany(u => u.ContributedToPosts);
二、Fluent API顯示設置外鍵
1、顯示設置外鍵
referenceCollectionBuilder.HasForeignKey(p => p.BlogForeignKey); modelBuilder.Entity<Car>().HasKey(c => new { c.State, c.LicensePlate }); //復合主鍵設置 referenceCollectionBuilder.HasFoHasForeignKey(s => new { s.CarState, s.CarLicensePlate }) //設置有復合主鍵表的外鍵,依賴主體要定義CarState,CarLicensePlate 這兩個復合主鍵的屬性字段 referenceCollectionBuilder.HasForeignKey("BlogId");
2、顯式設置外鍵關聯主體主鍵之外的鍵,通過 HasPrincipalKey 配置
modelBuilder.Entity<Post>().HasOne(p => p.Blog).WithMany(b => b.Posts).HasForeignKey(p => p.BlogUrl).HasPrincipalKey(b => b.Url); //Post表BlogUrl字段是外鍵,關聯Blog表Url字段 modelBuilder.Entity<Post>().HasOne(p => p.Blog).WithMany(b => b.Posts).HasForeignKey(p => new { p.BlogUrl, p.BlogState }).HasPrincipalKey(b => new { b.Url, b.State });
三、一對一關系:一對一關系兩端都是引用導航屬性,無法判斷那個作為主體實體,推薦顯式指定外鍵屬性
1、數據注解方式
public class Blog { public int BlogId { get; set; } public string Url { get; set; } public BlogImage BlogImage { get; set; } } public class BlogImage { public int BlogImageId { get; set; } public byte[] Image { get; set; } public string Caption { get; set; }
public int BlogId { get; set; } //顯示指定外鍵屬性,設置在Blog端也可以 public Blog Blog { get; set; } }
2、Fluent API方式:使用 HasOne 和 WithOne 方法
modelBuilder.Entity<Blog>().HasOne(p => p.BlogImage).WithOne(i => i.Blog).HasForeignKey<BlogImage>(b => b.BlogForeignKey); //HasForeignKey<BlogImage>指定設置外鍵那一端
四、多對多:關系型數據庫中不支持多對多的映射,通過建立中間表連接,使用一對多的方式模擬多對多關系
public class Post { public int PostId { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } public string Content { get; set; } public List<PostTag> PostTags { get; set; } }
public class Tag { public string TagId { get; set; } public List<PostTag> PostTags { get; set; } }
//中間表 public class PostTag { public int PostId { get; set; } public Post Post { get; set; } public string TagId { get; set; } public Tag Tag { get; set; } } class MyContext : DbContext { public DbSet<Post> Posts { get; set; } public DbSet<Tag> Tags { get; set; } protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder) { modelBuilder.Entity<PostTag>() .HasKey(t => new { t.PostId, t.TagId }); //設置中間表主鍵
modelBuilder.Entity<PostTag>() .HasOne(pt => pt.Post) .WithMany(p => p.PostTags) .HasForeignKey(pt => pt.PostId);
modelBuilder.Entity<PostTag>() .HasOne(pt => pt.Tag) .WithMany(t => t.PostTags) .HasForeignKey(pt => pt.TagId); } }
五、自引用關系: 依賴關系和主體實體類型相同的關系
1.模型定義
public class PictureCategory
{ [Key] [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)] public int CategoryId { get; private set; } public string Name { get; set; } public int? ParentCategoryId { get; private set; }public virtual PictureCategory ParentCategory { get; set; } //沒有virtual關鍵字,這會導致導航屬性不能加載 public virtual List<PictureCategory> Subcategories { get; set; } }
2.FluentAPI配置:在EFCore Context中重寫方法OnModelCreating配置雙向關聯(ParentCategory 和 SubCategories)
protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder) { base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder); modelBuilder.Entity<PictureCategory>() .WithMany(cat => cat.SubCategories) .HasOne(cat => cat.ParentCategory) .HasForeignKey(cat=>cat.ParentCategoryId); }