itextpdf簡單使用

前不久公司需要為用戶生成一份報告，報告的模板是統一的，內容不同，並且用戶可以打印。於是調研了有關 PDF 生成的方式，這里簡單記錄一下。方案是使用 itextpdf 這個類庫對 PDF 模板進行內容填充，從而達到效果。demo 代碼中有用到 zxing 進行二維碼的生成，多張 PDF 合並成一張 PDF 等。

官方 tutorial

Examples iText 7 jump-start tutorial

注意點

准備 PDF From 域需要 AdobeAcrobat DC 中的高級功能，普通版無法添加 From 域。

部分代碼

下面的代碼實現了 PDF 填充，多張 PDF 合並成一個 PDF，PDF 中添加圖片，根據 URL 生成二維碼圖片。
PDF 模板下載地址：模板

package pdf;

import com.alibaba.druid.util.StringUtils;
import com.itextpdf.forms.PdfAcroForm;
import com.itextpdf.forms.fields.PdfFormField;
import com.itextpdf.io.image.ImageDataFactory;
import com.itextpdf.io.source.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.font.PdfFont;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.font.PdfFontFactory;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.PdfDocument;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.PdfReader;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.PdfWriter;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.utils.PdfMerger;
import com.itextpdf.layout.Document;
import com.itextpdf.layout.element.Image;
import com.itextpdf.layout.element.Paragraph;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * 填充 pdf 並插入 二維碼，如果有多個 pdf 進行合並操作
 *
 * @author Chengloong
 */
public class PdfTempleTest {

	private static final int NORMAL_FONT_SIZE = 12;
	private static final int TWO_ROWS_FONT_SIZE = 7;

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

		//生成二維碼
		QRCodeUtil.generateQRCode("https://blog.csdn.net/jinqilin721/article/details/78841028", 600, 600, "jpg", "D:\\qr2.png");

		//填充 pdf 模板
		fillTemplate();

	}

	/**
	 * 利用模板生成pdf
	 */
	public static void fillTemplate() {
		// 模板路徑
		String templatePath = "D:/pdf-template-form.pdf";

		List<ByteArrayOutputStream> baosList = new ArrayList<>();
		try {

			//根據路徑生成 pdf
//			PdfWriter writer = new PdfWriter(newPDFPath);

			//內存中創建 PDF
			ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
			PdfWriter writer = new PdfWriter(baos);
			PdfReader reader = new PdfReader(templatePath);
			PdfDocument pdf = new PdfDocument(reader, writer);
			PdfAcroForm form = PdfAcroForm.getAcroForm(pdf, true);
			Map<String, PdfFormField> fields = form.getFormFields();

			//處理中文問題
			PdfFont font = PdfFontFactory.createFont("STSongStd-Light", "UniGB-UCS2-H", false);

			for (String name : fields.keySet()) {
				//獲取文本域名稱
				if (StringUtils.equals(name, "name")) {
					fields.get(name).setValue("李四").setFont(font).setFontSize(NORMAL_FONT_SIZE);
				}

				if (StringUtils.equals(name, "sex")) {
					fields.get(name).setValue("男").setFont(font).setFontSize(NORMAL_FONT_SIZE);
				}

				if (StringUtils.equals(name, "id_number")) {
					fields.get(name).setValue("320123199309223211").setFont(font).setFontSize(NORMAL_FONT_SIZE);
				}

				if (StringUtils.equals(name, "address")) {
					fields.get(name).setValue("江蘇省無錫市濱湖區第一人民醫院").setFont(font).setFontSize(NORMAL_FONT_SIZE);
				}

				if (StringUtils.equals(name, "input_1")) {
					//超過一行的文字使用 7 號字體
					fields.get(name).setValue("鹽城繼續教育公需課我是一段很長很長很長超過一行的文字").setFont(font).setFontSize(TWO_ROWS_FONT_SIZE);
				}

				if (StringUtils.equals(name, "input_2")) {
					fields.get(name).setValue("專業類別").setFont(font).setFontSize(NORMAL_FONT_SIZE);
				}

				if (StringUtils.equals(name, "input_3")) {
					fields.get(name).setValue("學習形式").setFont(font).setFontSize(NORMAL_FONT_SIZE);
				}

				if (StringUtils.equals(name, "input_4")) {
					fields.get(name).setValue("2").setFont(font).setFontSize(NORMAL_FONT_SIZE);
				}

				if (StringUtils.equals(name, "input_5")) {
					fields.get(name).setValue("20180909").setFont(font).setFontSize(NORMAL_FONT_SIZE);
				}

				if (StringUtils.equals(name, "input_6")) {
					fields.get(name).setValue("優秀").setFont(font).setFontSize(NORMAL_FONT_SIZE);
				}
			}

			//生成的 pdf 不可以編輯
			form.flattenFields();

			//插入圖片
			Document document = new Document(pdf);
			Image image = new Image(ImageDataFactory.create("D:\\qr2.png"));
			image.setWidth(80);
			image.setHeight(80);

			Paragraph paragraph = new Paragraph().add(image);
			paragraph.setPaddings(140, 0, 0, 550);

			document.add(paragraph);
			document.close();
			pdf.close();

			baosList.add(baos);


			mergerPDF(baosList);

		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

    /**
     * 合並 PDF
     */
    public static void mergerPDF(List<ByteArrayOutputStream> baosList) {
        try {
            PdfWriter writer = new PdfWriter("D:\\merger.pdf");
            PdfDocument pdf = new PdfDocument(writer);

            PdfMerger merger = new PdfMerger(pdf);

//			這里可以直接讀取已存在的文件
//			PdfMerger merger = new PdfMerger(pdf);
//			PdfDocument firstSourcePdf = new PdfDocument(new PdfReader("D:\\photo1.pdf"));
//			merger.merge(firstSourcePdf, 1, firstSourcePdf.getNumberOfPages());

            for (ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream : baosList) {
                PdfDocument firstSourcePdf = new PdfDocument(new PdfReader(new ByteArrayInputStream(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray())));
                merger.merge(firstSourcePdf, 1, firstSourcePdf.getNumberOfPages());
            }

            pdf.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

package pdf;

import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.Binarizer;
import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;
import com.google.zxing.DecodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
import com.google.zxing.Result;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;

/**
 * 二維碼生成工具類
 */
public final class QRCodeUtil extends LuminanceSource {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(QRCodeUtil.class);

    // 二維碼顏色
    private static final int BLACK = 0xFF000000;
    // 二維碼顏色
    private static final int WHITE = 0xFFFFFFFF;

    private final BufferedImage image;
    private final int left;
    private final int top;

    public QRCodeUtil(BufferedImage image) {
        this(image, 0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight());
    }

    public QRCodeUtil(BufferedImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height) {
        super(width, height);
        int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
        int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
        if (left + width > sourceWidth || top + height > sourceHeight) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Crop rectangle does not fit within image data.");
        }
        for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++) {
            for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++) {
                if ((image.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFF000000) == 0) {
                    image.setRGB(x, y, 0xFFFFFFFF); // = white
                }
            }
        }
        this.image = new BufferedImage(sourceWidth, sourceHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
        this.image.getGraphics().drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
        this.left = left;
        this.top = top;
    }

    @Override
    public byte[] getRow(int y, byte[] row) {
        if (y < 0 || y >= getHeight()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Requested row is outside the image: " + y);
        }
        int width = getWidth();
        if (row == null || row.length < width) {
            row = new byte[width];
        }
        image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top + y, width, 1, row);
        return row;
    }

    @Override
    public byte[] getMatrix() {
        int width = getWidth();
        int height = getHeight();
        int area = width * height;
        byte[] matrix = new byte[area];
        image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top, width, height, matrix);
        return matrix;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isCropSupported() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public LuminanceSource crop(int left, int top, int width, int height) {
        return new QRCodeUtil(image, this.left + left, this.top + top, width, height);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isRotateSupported() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public LuminanceSource rotateCounterClockwise() {
        int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
        int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
        AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform(0.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, sourceWidth);
        BufferedImage rotatedImage = new BufferedImage(sourceHeight, sourceWidth, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
        Graphics2D g = rotatedImage.createGraphics();
        g.drawImage(image, transform, null);
        g.dispose();
        int width = getWidth();
        return new QRCodeUtil(rotatedImage, top, sourceWidth - (left + width), getHeight(), width);
    }

    /**
     * @param matrix
     * @return
     */
    private static BufferedImage toBufferedImage(BitMatrix matrix) {
        int width = matrix.getWidth();
        int height = matrix.getHeight();
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
            for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
                image.setRGB(x, y, matrix.get(x, y) ? BLACK : WHITE);
            }
        }
        return image;
    }

    /**
     * 生成二維碼圖片
     *
     * @param matrix
     * @param format
     * @param file
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void writeToFile(BitMatrix matrix, String format, File file) throws IOException {
        BufferedImage image = toBufferedImage(matrix);
        if (!ImageIO.write(image, format, file)) {
            throw new IOException("Could not write an image of format " + format + " to " + file);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 生成二維碼圖片流
     *
     * @param matrix
     * @param format
     * @param stream
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void writeToStream(BitMatrix matrix, String format, OutputStream stream) throws IOException {
        BufferedImage image = toBufferedImage(matrix);
        if (!ImageIO.write(image, format, stream)) {
            throw new IOException("Could not write an image of format " + format);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 根據內容，生成指定寬高、指定格式的二維碼圖片
     *
     * @param text   內容
     * @param width  寬
     * @param height 高
     * @param format 圖片格式
     * @return 生成的二維碼圖片路徑
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String generateQRCode(String text, int width, int height, String format, String pathName)
            throws Exception {
        Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<>();
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "utf-8");// 指定編碼格式
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.L);// 指定糾錯等級
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 0); // 白邊大小，取值范圍0~4
        BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(text, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, width, height, hints);
        File outputFile = new File(pathName);
        writeToFile(bitMatrix, format, outputFile);
        return pathName;
    }

    /**
     * 輸出二維碼圖片流
     *
     * @param text     二維碼內容
     * @param width    二維碼寬
     * @param height   二維碼高
     * @param format   圖片格式eg: png, jpg, gif
     * @param response HttpServletResponse
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void generateQRCode(String text, int width, int height, String format, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws Exception {
        Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<>();
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "utf-8");// 指定編碼格式
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.L);// 指定糾錯等級
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1); // 白邊大小，取值范圍0~4
        BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(text, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, width, height, hints);
        writeToStream(bitMatrix, format, response.getOutputStream());
    }

    /**
     * 解析指定路徑下的二維碼圖片
     *
     * @param filePath 二維碼圖片路徑
     * @return
     */
    public static String parseQRCode(String filePath) {
        String content = "";
        try {
            File file = new File(filePath);
            BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(file);
            LuminanceSource source = new QRCodeUtil(image);
            Binarizer binarizer = new HybridBinarizer(source);
            BinaryBitmap binaryBitmap = new BinaryBitmap(binarizer);
            Map<DecodeHintType, Object> hints = new HashMap<>();
            hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF-8");
            MultiFormatReader formatReader = new MultiFormatReader();
            Result result = formatReader.decode(binaryBitmap, hints);

            logger.info("result 為：" + result.toString());
            logger.info("resultFormat 為：" + result.getBarcodeFormat());
            logger.info("resultText 為：" + result.getText());
            // 設置返回值
            content = result.getText();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error(e.getMessage());
        }
        return content;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String text = "hello world!"; // 隨機生成驗證碼
        System.out.println("隨機碼： " + text);
        int width = 100; // 二維碼圖片的寬
        int height = 100; // 二維碼圖片的高
        String format = "png"; // 二維碼圖片的格式

        try {
            // 生成二維碼圖片，並返回圖片路徑
            String pathName = generateQRCode(text, width, height, format, "D:/new.png");
            System.out.println("生成二維碼的圖片路徑： " + pathName);

            String content = parseQRCode(pathName);
            System.out.println("解析出二維碼的圖片的內容為： " + content);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}