安卓基礎（點擊事件）

今天學習了安卓開發的點擊事件，下面我來敘述一下實現點擊時間得基本方法：

第一種：在要被點擊得控件中加onclick屬性

格式：android：onClick="方法名" 例如andoroid：onClick="oneClick"

接下來在對應這個布局得activity中寫一個方法，格式為：

public void 方法名(View view ){

方法得執行代碼；

} 

例如：

public void oneOnclick(View view){
    Log.d(TAG,"...1");
    if(view instanceof TextView){
        String a = ((TextView)view).getText().toString();
        Log.d(TAG,"name =="+ a);//打印每個鍵所包含得文本內同容

    }
}
第一種實例(計算器)代碼：
activity代碼：

package com.example.text2;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.calculatorlayout);
    }
public void oneOnclick(View view){
    Log.d(TAG,"...1");
    if(view instanceof TextView){
        String a = ((TextView)view).getText().toString();
        Log.d(TAG,"name =="+ a);//打印每個鍵所包含得文本內同容
    }
}
}

xml文件帶代碼：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"

    android:orientation="vertical">
<LinearLayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="80dp"
    android:layout_gravity="center"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    >
    <TextView
        android:onClick="oneOnclick"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
         android:text="C"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        android:background="@drawable/selector"
        android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
    <TextView
        android:onClick="oneOnclick"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:text="+/-"
       android:gravity="center"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        android:background="@drawable/selector"
        android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
    <TextView
        android:onClick="oneOnclick"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:text="%"
       android:gravity="center"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        android:background="@drawable/selector"
        android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
    <TextView
        android:onClick="oneOnclick"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:text="÷"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        android:background="@drawable/selector_oring"

        android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>

</LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="80dp"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        >
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="1"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="2"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="3"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="÷"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector_oring"

            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>

    </LinearLayout>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="80dp"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        >
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="4"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="5"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="6"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="x"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector_oring"

            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>

    </LinearLayout>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="80dp"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        >
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="7"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="8"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="9"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="-"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector_oring"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>

    </LinearLayout>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="80dp"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        >
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="0"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:layout_weight="2"
            android:background="@drawable/selector"
            ></TextView>
        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="."
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>

        <TextView
            android:onClick="oneOnclick"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:text="="
            android:gravity="center"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:background="@drawable/selector_oring"
            android:layout_weight="1"></TextView>

    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

白色外邊框代碼：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle">
    <solid android:color="#ffffff"/>
    <stroke android:color="#333333" android:width="1dp"/>
</shape>

點擊之后變色代碼：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle">
    <solid android:color="#999999"/>
    <stroke android:color="#333333" android:width="1dp"/>
</shape>

橙色外邊框代碼：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle">
    <solid android:color="#e47f24"/>
    <stroke android:color="#333333" android:width="1dp"/>
</shape>

點擊之后變色代碼：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle">
    <solid android:color="#b55f1c"/>
    <stroke android:color="#333333" android:width="1dp"/>
</shape>

白色部分選擇事件代碼：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item android:drawable="@drawable/shape_rectangle_grey" android:state_pressed="true"/>
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/shape_rectangle"/>
</selector>

橙色部分選擇事件代碼：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item android:state_pressed="true" android:drawable="@drawable/shape_rectangle_oring_gery"/>
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/shape_rectangle_oring"/>
</selector>

安卓手機端開發截圖：

 

 

點擊控件，顯示台截圖：

第二種：通過id聲明來找到控件並對其進行設置點擊事件

第一步：給對應的控件設置id

第二步：找到控件

第三步：設置點擊事件

package com.example.text2;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
    private TextView cancel;
    private TextView plus_red;
    private TextView divisible;
    private TextView chu;
    private TextView one;
    private TextView two;
    private TextView three;
    private TextView plus;
    private TextView four;
    private TextView five;
    private TextView six;
    private TextView multiply;
    private TextView senven;
    private TextView eight;
    private TextView nine;
    private TextView cut;
    private TextView zero;
    private TextView spot;
    private TextView equal;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.calculatorlayout_byid);
        initview();
        //設置點擊事件
        initClick();
    }

    private void initview() {
         cancel = this.findViewById(R.id.cancel);
         plus_red = this.findViewById(R.id.plus_red);
        divisible = this.findViewById(R.id.divisible);
        chu = this.findViewById(R.id.chu);
        one = this.findViewById(R.id.one);
        two = this.findViewById(R.id.two);
        three = this.findViewById(R.id.three);
        plus = this.findViewById(R.id.plus);
        four = this.findViewById(R.id.four);
        five = this.findViewById(R.id.five);
        six = this.findViewById(R.id.six);
        multiply = this.findViewById(R.id.multiply);
        senven = this.findViewById(R.id.senven);
        eight = this.findViewById(R.id.eight);
        nine = this.findViewById(R.id.nine);
        cut = this.findViewById(R.id.cut);
        zero = this.findViewById(R.id.zero);
        spot = this.findViewById(R.id.spot);
        equal = this.findViewById(R.id.equal);
    }
/*
設置點擊事件
 */
    public  void  initClick(){
        //第一種設置方式
        cancel.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Log.d(TAG,"點擊鍵值為"+ ((TextView)v).getText().toString());
            }
        });
        divisible.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Log.d(TAG,"點擊鍵值為"+ ((TextView)v).getText().toString());
            }
        });
        chu.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Log.d(TAG,"點擊鍵值為"+ ((TextView)v).getText().toString());
            }
        });
        plus.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Log.d(TAG,"點擊鍵值為"+ ((TextView)v).getText().toString());
            }
        });
        four.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Log.d(TAG,"點擊鍵值為"+ ((TextView)v).getText().toString());
            }
        });
        five.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Log.d(TAG,"點擊鍵值為"+ ((TextView)v).getText().toString());
            }
        });
        six.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Log.d(TAG,"點擊鍵值為"+ ((TextView)v).getText().toString());
            }
        });

//第二中設置方法
         plus_red.setOnClickListener(this);
         one.setOnClickListener(this);
         two.setOnClickListener(this);
         three.setOnClickListener(this);
        multiply.setOnClickListener(this);
        senven.setOnClickListener(this);
        eight.setOnClickListener(this);
        nine.setOnClickListener(this);
        cut.setOnClickListener(this);
        zero.setOnClickListener(this);
        spot.setOnClickListener(this);
        equal.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        Log.d(TAG,"點擊鍵值為"+ ((TextView)v).getText().toString());
    }
}

安卓開發截圖和第一種方法一樣就不截圖了，控制台截圖（為方便區分我輸出值為中文）：

 

 

這是今天所學，明天繼續加油，豐富自己的知識儲備！