centos7 安裝pip+python3.6以及pip安裝錯誤解決辦法

Centos7安裝pip

1.執行:yum install python-pip

若沒有python-pip包，先執行：yum -y install epel-release，再執行yum install python-pip

2.pip install --upgrade pip

centos默認安裝了python2.7

1.mkdir /usr/local/python3

3.安裝依賴包：

yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"

安裝的時候可能安裝不上，或者其他什么問題，可以通過更換源來解決
Linux(CentOS7.1)修改默認yum源為國內的阿里雲yum源
下載wget
yum install wget -y
echo 備份當前的yum源
mv /etc/yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d.backup4comex
echo 新建空的yum源設置目錄
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d
echo 下載阿里雲的yum源配置
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
然后重建緩存：
yum clean all
yum makecache

yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

4.在/usr/local/python3目錄下

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/Python-3.6.2.tar.xz

tar -xvf  Python-3.6.2.tar.xz
cd Python-3.6.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make && make install

5.切換到/usr/bin/目錄下

mv python python.bak
mv pip pip.bak
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip

6.防止以后用yum源安裝軟件時報錯,修改以下兩項

修改 /usr/bin/yum 的第一行

#!/usr/bin/python改成#!/usr/bin/python2.7

修改 /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down的第一行

#!/usr/bin/python改成#!/usr/bin/python2.7

7.驗證

輸入python，進入python3.6.2

輸入python2，進入python2.7

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8、這里還有一個問題是在使用pip安裝模塊的時候經常會報錯

[root@localhost Python-3.6.2]# pip install ipython==1.2.1
Collecting ipython==1.2.1
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/ipython/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:748) - skipping
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement ipython==1.2.1 (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for ipython==1.2.1

這是因為ssl證書沒有認證，可以使用國內的鏡像

pip install ipython==1.2.1 -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple/ --trusted-host pypi.douban.com

其中ipython是包的名字,這樣即可解決。