strtok_r函數---字符串分割函數
函數原型:
char *strtok_r(char *str, const char *delim, char **saveptr);
參數:
str:被分割的字符串,若str為NULL,則被分割的字符串為*saveptr
delim:依據此字符串分割str
saveptr:分割后剩余部分的字符串
返回值:
遇到第一個delim時,分割出的字符串,若沒有遇到delim,則范圍NULL
例程:
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{
char str[1024] = "this is a test!";
char *token;
char *saveptr;
token = strtok_r(str, " ", &saveptr);
printf("token:%s\n",token);
printf("saveptr:%s\n\n\n",saveptr);
token = strtok_r(saveptr, " ", &saveptr);
printf("token:%s\n",token);
printf("saveptr:%s\n",saveptr);
return 0;
}
結果:
3.strtok和strtok_r的源代碼
這兩個函數的實現,由眾多的版本。我strtok_r來自於GNU C Library,strtok則調用了strtok_r。因此先給出strtok_r的源代碼。
- /*
- * strtok_r.c:
- * Implementation of strtok_r for systems which don't have it.
- *
- * This is taken from the GNU C library and is distributed under the terms of
- * the LGPL. See copyright notice below.
- *
- */
- #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
- #include "configuration.h"
- #endif /* HAVE_CONFIG_H */
- #ifndef HAVE_STRTOK_R
- static const char rcsid[] = "$Id: strtok_r.c,v 1.1 2001/04/24 14:25:34 chris Exp $";
- #include <string.h>
- #undef strtok_r
- /* Parse S into tokens separated by characters in DELIM.
- If S is NULL, the saved pointer in SAVE_PTR is used as
- the next starting point. For example:
- char s[] = "-abc-=-def";
- char *sp;
- x = strtok_r(s, "-", &sp); // x = "abc", sp = "=-def"
- x = strtok_r(NULL, "-=", &sp); // x = "def", sp = NULL
- x = strtok_r(NULL, "=", &sp); // x = NULL
- // s = "abc/0-def/0"
- */
- char *strtok_r(char *s, const char *delim, char **save_ptr) {
- char *token;
- if (s == NULL) s = *save_ptr;
- /* Scan leading delimiters. */
- s += strspn(s, delim);
- if (*s == '/0')
- return NULL;
- /* Find the end of the token. */
- token = s;
- s = strpbrk(token, delim);
- if (s == NULL)
- /* This token finishes the string. */
- *save_ptr = strchr(token, '/0');
- else {
- /* Terminate the token and make *SAVE_PTR point past it. */
- *s = '/0';
- *save_ptr = s + 1;
- }
- return token;
- }
代碼整體的流程如下:
(1)判斷參數s是否為NULL,如果是NULL就以傳遞進來的save_ptr作為起始分解位置;若不是NULL,則以s開始切分。
(2)跳過待分解字符串開始的所有分界符。
(3)判斷當前待分解的位置是否為'/0',若是則返回NULL(聯系到(一)中所說對返回值為NULL的解釋);不是則繼續。
(4)保存當前的待分解串的指針token,調用strpbrk在token中找分界符:如果找不到,則將save_ptr賦值為待分解串尾部'/0'所在的位置,token沒有發生變化;若找的到則將分界符所在位置賦值為'/0',token相當於被截斷了(提取出來),save_ptr指向分界符的下一位。
(5)函數的最后(無論找到還是沒找到)都將返回。
對於函數strtok來說,可以理解為用一個內部的靜態變量將strtok_r中的save_ptr給保存起來,對調用者不可見。其代碼如下:
- char *strtok(char *s, const char *delim)
- {
- static char *last;
- return strtok_r(s, delim, &last);
- }
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strtok()用來將字符串分割成一個個片段。參數s指向欲分割的字符串,參數delim則為分割字符串中包含的所有字符。當strtok()在參數s的字符串中發現參數delim中包含的分割字符時,則會將該字符改為\0 字符。在第一次調用時,strtok()必需給予參數s字符串,往后的調用則將參數s設置成NULL。每次調用成功則返回指向被分割出片段的指針。
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#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int
main(
void
)
{
char
input[16]=
"abc,d"
;
char
*p;
/*strtok places a NULL terminator
infront of the token,if found*/
p=
strtok
(input,
","
);
if
(p)
printf
(
"%s\n"
,p);
/*Asecond call to strtok using a NULL
as the first parameter returns a pointer
to the character following the token*/
p=
strtok
(NULL,
","
);
if
(p)
printf
(
"%s\n"
,p);
return
0;
}
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#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using
namespace
std;
int
main()
{
char
sentence[]=
"This is a sentence with 7 tokens"
;
cout <<
"The string to be tokenized is:\n"
<< sentence <<
"\n\nThe tokens are:\n\n"
;
char
*tokenPtr=
strtok
(sentence,
" "
);
while
(tokenPtr!=NULL) {
cout<<tokenPtr<<endl;
tokenPtr=
strtok
(NULL,
" "
);
}
//cout << "After strtok,sentence=" << tokenPtr<<endl;
return
0;
}
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