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openstack api 使用, REST接口

本文轉載自   查看原文   2020-01-07 10:57   1472    python

openstack api 使用, REST接口

參考:

https://docs.openstack.org/zh_CN/api-quick-start/

https://docs.openstack.org/keystone/pike/contributor/http-api.html

基礎: openstack環境, 下面是openstack api的接口;其中image是獲取鏡像的, compute是獲取實例, network是獲取網絡信息的, 其他請對照api查看

 

注意:

  1. 官網文檔中是用curl對接口進行調用的, 從認證到獲取image, servers寫的很詳細; 但都是基於http的, 如果用https的, curl加-k就可以了, 知道curl用法, 官網的內容就基本都能明白了. (官網鏈接里: API快速入門示例-認證和API請求流程)
  2. 官網文檔認證部分是用v3, 第2個鏈接是官網給出的v2, v3的區別
  3. v2, v3並不是每個接口都有這兩個版本, 有的只v2或者v1, 認證是v2,v3都有的; 官網api文檔結合自己openstack使用;
  4. v2, v3發送的json數據格式不同, v3的格式就從官網拿到的, 不要刪減格式中的元素; v2的官網沒看到, 可以自己搜搜
  5. 這篇文章介紹使用python requests , 調用v2, v3的認證接口, 及獲取主機, 映像, 網絡信息的接口; 認證部分v2,v3寫在一起了, 如果覺着亂, 就僅看一種就好, 主機, 映像,網絡的獲取是一樣的. 我的是python3.4
  6. 官網api, 如下圖, 每個接口都有注釋是v2, v3, 或是v1, 點擊進去也有詳細接口說明, 照着用就好

 

一.   認證

1. v2方式認證

import json

import requests

import urllib3

urllib3.disable_warnings() #這個是python3的處理方法, 沒有這個會出現個告警, python2, 看見告警, 就點那個鏈接進去, 把代碼粘過來就好

 

data_v2 = {
    "auth": {
        "passwordCredentials": {
            "password": "123456",
            "username": "admin"
        }
    }
}

 

tokens_url = "https://addr:5000/v2.0/tokens?nocatalog"

identity_res = requests.post(tokens_url, verify=False, json=data_v2)

identity_json = json.loads(identity_res.text)

print(identity_json)

token_id = identity_json.get("access").get("token").get("id")

 

post方法verify=False, 可以忽略https的證書認證

返回結果: 獲取到token id

{

         "access": {

                   "metadata": {

                            "is_admin": 0,

                            "roles": []

                   },

                   "serviceCatalog": [],

                   "token": {

                            "audit_ids": ["ypJ1ICc4RLygMfAb7DiZYw"],

                            "expires": "2019-12-09T07:18:54Z",

                            "id": "gAAAAABd7edO0F1cxsC52pUfx7d366xj3cJDgtCo2UQn1ODp4I5x7RgHWjdBexSIpMvOjnNKSka1voQ-u19d5GqHB11qI4f7OZH7hqGXjNuGsSnV8Qkxrp2Od_edeQNmIchoJkhQmB0qwt1iX4KIfqaWO_O0y2NEsA",

                            "issued_at": "2019-12-09T06:18:54.000000Z"

                   },

                   "user": {

                            "id": "af0671ecc3fd49018d977cd010384ad9",

                            "name": "admin",

                            "roles": [],

                            "roles_links": [],

                            "username": "admin"

                   }

         }

}

 

使用token id獲取項目 id, 這里使用headers=tokens_header, 在查看官網文檔時curl, 使用-H, 因此requests時也需要使用header

tokens_header = {"X-Auth-Token": tokens_id}

tenants_url = "https://addr:5000/v2.0/tenants"

tenant_res = requests.get(tenants_url, headers=tokens_header, verify=False)

tenant_json = json.loads(tenant_res.text)

tenant_id = tenant_json.get("tenants")[0].get("id")

返回結果: 

{
    "tenants": [{
            "description": "admin tenant",
            "enabled": True,
            "id": "e7e33f4c19074ab0b7c516922506e4c1",
            "name": "admin"
        }
    ],
    "tenants_links": []
}

 

通過項目id獲取項目token_id

#將json串重組, 添加tenant_id元素

data = data_v2.get("auth")

data.update({"tenantId": tenant_id})

data_v2.update({"auth": data})

tokens_url = "https://addr:5000/v2.0/tokens?nocatalog"

tenant_res = requests.post(tokens_url, verify=False, json=data_v2)

tenant_json = json.loads(tenant_res.text)

tenant_token_id = tenant_json.get("access").get("token").get("id")

返回結果:

{

         "access": {

                   "metadata": {

                            "is_admin": 0,

                            "roles": ["ecbc53d3d61f459d956900b59c48027e"]

                   },

                   "serviceCatalog": [],

                   "token": {

                            "audit_ids": ["9y6YnS-wRReX--PhE9K5WQ"],

                            "expires": "2019-12-09T07:18:54Z",

                            "id": "gAAAAABd7edOo4ZWloMPVjOg7okktnUh9lfKHBNpWUaGIpckon98jVrfo72hhN9AtYwvEek_F-3QwhD8QYOfd3ZZX_x9Nb5q80mhY1TMtfu6MX_9xyFQDgy8mwkEvy01OjN8J8WpnebDFNVgjJWmGD0ypRIL_VMYEz9GdMYaXVG9KZJMOvCU8us",

                            "issued_at": "2019-12-09T06:18:54.000000Z",

                            "tenant": {

                                     "description": "admin tenant",

                                     "enabled": True,

                                     "id": "e7e33f4c19074ab0b7c516922506e4c1",

                                     "name": "admin"

                            }

                   },

                   "user": {

                            "id": "af0671ecc3fd49018d977cd010384ad9",

                            "name": "admin",

                            "roles": [{

                                               "name": "admin"

                                     }

                            ],

                            "roles_links": [],

                            "username": "admin"

                   }

         }

}

 

2. V3認證方式

data_v3 = {

   "auth": {

      "identity": {

         "methods": ["password"],

         "password": {

            "user": {

               "domain": {

                  "name": "default"

               },

               "name": "admin",

               "password": "123456"

            }

         }

      },

      "scope": {

         "project": {

            "domain": {

               "name": "default"

            },

            "name": "admin"

         }

      }

   }

}

 

domain在openstack的身份管理-項目可以看到, 項目列表有一列是域名; 當然如果有admin權限, admin登錄后, 身份管理下就有域名這一欄目; 上面json, methods的值是不用改的

tokens_url = "https://addr:5000/v3/auth/tokens?nocatalog"

identity_res = requests.post(tokens_url, verify=False, json=data_v3)

token_id = identity_res.headers.get("X-Subject-Token")

 

看官網文檔, 使用curl 獲取token時, 就會發現, v3方式獲取token時,  token_id是在header里的

然后獲取項目id

tokens_header = {"X-Auth-Token": tokens_id}

tenant_res = requests.get("https://addr:5000/v3/projects", headers=tokens_header, verify=False)

tenant_json = json.loads(tenant_res.text)

projects = tenant_json.get("projects")

tenant_id = None

for project in projects:

    if project.get("name") == "admin":

        tenant_id =  project.get("id")

 

返回結果: projects 的json串, 從中拿一個項目的id

[{

                   "description": "test",

                   "domain_id": "default",

                   "enabled": True,

                   "id": "0f50422b76ad460ba984d5b4de74a6c9",

                   "is_domain": False,

                   "links": {

                            "self": "https://ip:5000/v3/projects/0f50422b76ad460ba984d5b4de74a6c9"

                   },

                   "name": "test",

                   "parent_id": "default"

         }, {

                   "description": "admin tenant",

                   "domain_id": "default",

                   "enabled": True,

                   "id": "e6e33f4c19074ab0b7c516922506e4c1",

                   "is_domain": False,

                   "links": {

                            "self": "https:// ip:5000/v3/projects/e7e33f4c19074ab0b7c516922506e4c1"

                   },

                   "name": "admin",

                   "parent_id": "default"

         }]

 

再通過項目id, 獲取項目的token_id

tenant_id = get_tenant()

data_v3.get("auth").get("scope").get("project").update({"id": tenant_id})

tokens_url = "https://addr:5000/v3/auth/tokens?nocatalog"

tenant_res = requests.post(tokens_url, verify=False, json=data_v3)

tenant_token_id = tenant_res.headers.get("X-Subject-Token")

 

二.   獲取主機信息

獲取虛擬主機只有v2, 這里用到上面的tenant_id, 和tenant_token_id

compute_url = "https://addr:8774/v2.1/" + tenant_id + "/servers/detail" #/servers可以拿到簡單的主機信息, 加上detail會有詳細信息輸出

tokens_header2 = {"X-Auth-Token": tenant_token_id}

compute_res = requests.get(compute_url, headers=tokens_header2, verify=False)

print(json.loads(compute_res.text))

 

返回結果: servers信息太長, 就不全貼出來了; 下面是一個主機的詳細信息

{

         "servers": [{

                            "OS-DCF:diskConfig": "AUTO",

                            "OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone": "nova",

                            "OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host": "node-46.domain.tld",

                            "OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname": "node-46.domain.tld",

                            "OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name": "instance-0000001b",

                            "OS-EXT-STS:power_state": 1,

                            "OS-EXT-STS:task_state": null,

                            "OS-EXT-STS:vm_state": "active",

                            "OS-SRV-USG:launched_at": "2019-12-06T06:16:29.000000",

                            "OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at": null,

                            "accessIPv4": "",

                            "accessIPv6": "",

                            "addresses": {

                                     "\u5185\u7f51_admin_internal_net": [{

                                                        "OS-EXT-IPS-MAC:mac_addr": "fa:16:3e:9c:c5:b1",

                                                        "OS-EXT-IPS:type": "fixed",

                                                        "addr": "192.168.1.26",

                                                        "version": 4

                                               }, {

                                                        "OS-EXT-IPS-MAC:mac_addr": "fa:16:3e:9c:c5:b1",

                                                        "OS-EXT-IPS:type": "floating",

                                                        "addr": "192.168.2.30",

                                                        "version": 4

                                               }

                                     ]

                            },

                            "config_drive": "True",

                            "created": "2019-11-29T09:13:26Z",

                            "flavor": {

                                     "id": "8dcfc279-9b2c-49a4-9308-4af960f4f66a",

                                     "links": []

                            },

                            "hostId": "0b03b88cf441997a9f87b37a2f292e9ab79286fefc992ed18d4151ca",

                            "id": "c9459a94-df8f-455f-991f-b6ccbd36f3f2",

                            "image": {

                                     "id": "119be129-98e8-4345-b5fa-0ec5405ae6a3",

                                     "links": []

                            },

                            "key_name": null,

                            "links": [],

                            "metadata": {},

                            "name": "wang_30",

                            "os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached": [],

                            "progress": 0,

                            "security_groups": [{

                                               "name": "default"

                                     }

                            ]}

                            "status": "ACTIVE",

                            "tenant_id": "e7e33f4c19074ab0b7c516922506e4c1",

                            "updated": "2019-12-06T06:16:50Z",

                            "user_id": "af0671ecc3fd49018d977cd010384ad9"

                   }]

 

三.   獲取映像信息

image_url = "https://addr:9292/v2/images"

tokens_header2 = {"X-Auth-Token": tenant_token_id}

image_res = requests.get(image_url, headers=tokens_header2, verify=False)

print(json.loads(image_res.text))

 

返回結果: 下面也是一個映像的信息

{

       "images": [{

                     "id": "374d46c8-2ad4-4af5-a034-346be3aae73e",

                     "links": [{

                                   "href": "",

                                   "rel": "self"

                            }, {

                                   "href": "",

                                   "rel": "bookmark"

                            }, {

                                   "href": "",

                                   "rel": "alternate",

                                   "type": "application/vnd.openstack.image"

                            }

                     ],

                     "name": "Ubuntu-16"

              }

}

ps: images還可以通過主機的接口進行獲取"https://addr:8774/v2.1/" + tenant_id + "/images

 

四.   獲取網絡信息

 

network_url2 = "https://addr:9696/v2.0/networks"

tokens_header2 = {"X-Auth-Token": tenant_token_id}

network_res = requests.get(network_url2, headers=tokens_header2, verify=False)

print(json.loads(network_res.text))

 

返回結果: 同樣, 只貼一個網絡的信息

{

       "networks": [{

                     "admin_state_up": true,

                     "availability_zone_hints": [],

                     "availability_zones": [],

                     "created_at": "2019-11-27T03:37:06",

                     "description": "",

                     "dns_domain": "",

                     "id": "b9758de3-7238-4e9f-9601-c798e7eb9be1",

                     "ipv4_address_scope": null,

                     "ipv6_address_scope": null,

                     "is_default": false,

                     "mtu": 1500,

                     "name": "admin_net",

                     "port_security_enabled": true,

                     "provider:network_type": "flat",

                     "provider:physical_network": "physnet1",

                     "provider:segmentation_id": null,

                     "router:external": true,

                     "shared": false,

                     "status": "ACTIVE",

                     "subnets": ["0a0e3bd4-14ae-463e-9140-78b0a617d6c9"],

                     "tags": [],

                     "tenant_id": "e7e33f4c19074ab0b7c516922506e4c1",

                     "updated_at": "2019-11-27T07:37:52"

              }

}

 

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