本文介紹Xamarin.Form的藍牙使用方法,開始之前說說題外話,就Xamarin.Form來說,在國內是沒多少人在弄的,但對於我自己來說,是吃了這碗飯,也希望在這行做的人越來越多,越來越好,本人2016年開始入使用Xamarin.Form開發App,那時候剛微軟剛收購Xamarin,也正式開源免費給開發者使用,但那時候的本說實話是有多不完善的,直到現在微軟依然有很多不完善的功能,所以在國內學這個,一般是由公司高層推這個技術,直接至底向上的非常少。微軟的東西在國內環境來說,多不太好,很多大的互聯網公司都比較少用,但是我要強調的是,Xamarin.Form本身其實並不太適合做界面變化太多,變化太大的東西,如果你的項目需要優秀的界面,炫酷的特效,那原生是比較好的選擇,而這個特性是互聯網公司的特性,所以互聯網公司不太適合使用Xamarin.Form。Xamarin適合界面少,但是業務比較復雜的項目,如IOT項目。也比較適合傳統企業而不是互聯網公司。所以在前面一篇文章中,我介紹了MQTT協議,現在介紹底功耗藍牙協議。
這里使用ble.net庫,直接使用nuget查找相應的包就可以了,ble.net庫是一個混合平台的低功耗藍牙庫,可用於開發Android、iOS、UWP平台的BLE客戶端。支持的平台和版本如下
Platform | Version |
Xamarin.iOS | iOS 8.3+ |
Xamarin.Android | API 18+ |
Windows 10(UWP) | 1709+ |
在引用包的時候注意:在Xamarin.Form層引用ble.net包,在xamarin.Android層引用ble.net 和ble.net-android包,在Xamarin.Form層引用ble.net和ble.net-ios包。
Android 平台
添加權限,在Android 6.0或更高版本中需要獲取危險的位置權限,所以在AndroidManifesst.xml文件中添加
1 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" /> 2 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" /> 3 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED" /> 4 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" /> 5 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" /> 6 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
初始化BluetoothLowEnergyAdapter(只有Android平台需要,iOS和UWP平台不需要)。如果你想讓IBluetoothLowEnergyAdapter.DisableAdapter()
和 IBluetoothLowEnergyAdapter.EnableAdapter()起作用,你需要在你的Main Activity中添加:
protected override void OnCreate( Bundle bundle ) { // ... BluetoothLowEnergyAdapter.Init( this ); // ... }
如果你要IBluetoothLowEnergyAdapter.CurrentState.Subscribe()方法起作用,你還需要在Activity中添加:
protected sealed override void OnActivityResult( Int32 requestCode, Result resultCode, Intent data ) { BluetoothLowEnergyAdapter.OnActivityResult( requestCode, resultCode, data ); }
iOS 平台
必須添加使用藍牙的提示,並且蘋果公司上架App會審核,需正確填寫Info.plist文件
1 <key>UIBackgroundModes</key> 2 <array> 3 <string>bluetooth-central</string> 4 </array> 5 <key>NSBluetoothPeripheralUsageDescription</key> 6 <string>[MyAppNameHere] would like to use bluetooth.</string>
所有平台都需要初始化一個
IBluetoothLowEnergyAdapter ble =
BluetoothLowEnergyAdapter.ObtainDefaultAdapter()
同時傳到Xamarin.Form層。
App內開啟藍牙:使用如下方法檢查和啟用手機藍牙適配器
if(ble.AdapterCanBeEnabled && ble.CurrentState.IsDisabledOrDisabling()) { await ble.EnableAdapter(); }
開始掃描附近的藍牙設備,可以掃描到各種設備,注意:超時時間不宜設置過長,通過測試,藍牙設備不能一直掃描,需停一會在掃描一會這樣使用。掃描能掃描出附近的藍牙設備和特性。
var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds( 30 )); await ble.ScanForBroadcasts( // providing ScanSettings is optional new ScanSettings() { // Setting the scan mode is currently only applicable to Android and has no effect on other platforms. // If not provided, defaults to ScanMode.Balanced Mode = ScanMode.LowPower, // Optional scan filter to ensure that the observer will only receive peripherals // that pass the filter. If you want to scan for everything around, omit the filter. Filter = new ScanFilter() { AdvertisedDeviceName = "foobar", AdvertisedManufacturerCompanyId = 76, // peripherals must advertise at-least-one of any GUIDs in this list AdvertisedServiceIsInList = new List<Guid>(){ someGuid }, }, // ignore repeated advertisements from the same device during this scan IgnoreRepeatBroadcasts = false }, // Your IObserver<IBlePeripheral> or Action<IBlePeripheral> will be triggered for each discovered // peripheral based on the provided scan settings and filter (if any). ( IBlePeripheral peripheral ) => { // read the advertising data var adv = peripheral.Advertisement; Debug.WriteLine( adv.DeviceName ); Debug.WriteLine( adv.Services.Select( x => x.ToString() ).Join( "," ) ); Debug.WriteLine( adv.ManufacturerSpecificData.FirstOrDefault().CompanyName() ); Debug.WriteLine( adv.ServiceData ); // if we found what we needed, stop the scan manually cts.Cancel(); // perhaps connect to the device (see next example)... }, // Provide a CancellationToken to stop the scan, or use the overload that takes a TimeSpan. // If you omit this argument, the scan will timeout after BluetoothLowEnergyUtils.DefaultScanTimeout cts.Token ); // scanning has stopped when code reached this point since the scan was awaited
如果你要連接藍牙設備,采用如下方法:
var connection = await ble.ConnectToDevice( // The IBlePeripheral to connect to peripheral, // TimeSpan or CancellationToken to stop the // connection attempt. // If you omit this argument, it will use // BluetoothLowEnergyUtils.DefaultConnectionTimeout TimeSpan.FromSeconds( 15 ), // Optional IProgress<ConnectionProgress> progress => Debug.WriteLine(progress) ); if(connection.IsSuccessful()) { var gattServer = connection.GattServer; // ... do things with gattServer here... (see later examples...) } else { // Do something to inform user or otherwise handle unsuccessful connection. Debug.WriteLine( "Error connecting to device. result={0:g}", connection.ConnectionResult ); // e.g., "Error connecting to device. result=ConnectionAttemptCancelled" }
斷開藍牙方法:
await gattServer.Disconnect();
下列方法用來連接指定的藍牙設備:
var connection = await ble.FindAndConnectToDevice( new ScanFilter() .SetAdvertisedDeviceName( "foo" ) .SetAdvertisedManufacturerCompanyId( 0xffff ) .AddAdvertisedService( guid ), TimeSpan.FromSeconds( 30 ) ); if(connection.IsSuccessful()) { // ... }
調用藍牙的讀特性
try { var value = await gattServer.ReadCharacteristicValue( someServiceGuid, someCharacteristicGuid ); } catch(GattException ex) { Debug.WriteLine( ex.ToString() ); }
監聽通知特性
IDisposable notifyHandler; try { // Will also stop listening when gattServer // is disconnected, so if that is acceptable, // you don't need to store this disposable. notifyHandler = gattServer.NotifyCharacteristicValue( someServiceGuid, someCharacteristicGuid, // IObserver<Tuple<Guid, Byte[]>> or IObserver<Byte[]> or // Action<Tuple<Guid, Byte[]>> or Action<Byte[]> bytes => {/* do something with notification bytes */} ); } catch(GattException ex) { Debug.WriteLine( ex.ToString() ); } // ... later, once done listening for notifications ... notifyHandler.Dispose();
調用寫特性,注意:在寫的時候不能一直不停的調用這個方法,不然會發送不了,需要停頓500毫秒左右在發送第二個包。這點非常重要。
try { // The resulting value of the characteristic is returned. In nearly all cases this // will be the same value that was provided to the write call (e.g. `byte[]{ 1, 2, 3 }`) var value = await gattServer.WriteCharacteristicValue( someServiceGuid, someCharacteristicGuid, new byte[]{ 1, 2, 3 } ); } catch(GattException ex) { Debug.WriteLine( ex.ToString() ); }
藍牙有很多應用,需要自己多嘗試,對於藍牙的升級DFU功能,需要的可以找我。
鑒於有很多人求藍牙源碼,現采用了Plugin.BLE的包重新寫了一個版本,本文章版本用的藍牙包已不在維護和更新,請遷移到Plugin.BLE包,GitHub地址:https://github.com/zuimengaitianya/BleCat.git。本GitHub代碼包括藍牙掃描和連接,還有Nordic芯片的12.3版本的DFU功能,需要的可以借鑒,本人可提供有償技術支持,后續將在出一篇文章講解藍牙的DFU和遇到的各種問題。