1.1 起步依賴原理分析
1.1.1 分析spring-boot-starter-parent
按住Ctrl點擊pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-parent,跳轉到了spring-boot-starter-parent的pom.xml,xml配置如下(只摘抄了部分重點配置):
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath>
</parent>
按住Ctrl點擊pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-dependencies,跳轉到了spring-boot-starter-dependencies的pom.xml,xml配置如下(只摘抄了部分重點配置):
<properties>
<activemq.version>5.15.3</activemq.version>
<antlr2.version>2.7.7</antlr2.version>
<appengine-sdk.version>1.9.63</appengine-sdk.version>
<artemis.version>2.4.0</artemis.version>
<aspectj.version>1.8.13</aspectj.version>
<assertj.version>3.9.1</assertj.version>
<atomikos.version>4.0.6</atomikos.version>
<bitronix.version>2.1.4</bitronix.version>
<build-helper-maven-plugin.version>3.0.0</build-helper-maven-plugin.version>
<byte-buddy.version>1.7.11</byte-buddy.version>
... ... ...
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
... ... ...
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
<artifactId>kotlin-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${kotlin.version}</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.jooq</groupId>
<artifactId>jooq-codegen-maven</artifactId>
<version>${jooq.version}</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
</plugin>
... ... ...
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
從上面的spring-boot-starter-dependencies的pom.xml中我們可以發現,一部分坐標的版本、依賴管理、插件管理已經定義好,所以我們的SpringBoot工程繼承spring-boot-starter-parent后已經具備版本鎖定等配置了。所以起步依賴的作用就是進行依賴的傳遞。
1.1.2 分析spring-boot-starter-web
按住Ctrl點擊pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-web,跳轉到了spring-boot-starter-web的pom.xml,xml配置如下(只摘抄了部分重點配置):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starters</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
<name>Spring Boot Web Starter</name>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-json</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>6.0.9.Final</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
從上面的spring-boot-starter-web的pom.xml中我們可以發現,spring-boot-starter-web就是將web開發要使用的spring-web、spring-webmvc等坐標進行了“打包”,這樣我們的工程只要引入spring-boot-starter-web起步依賴的坐標就可以進行web開發了,同樣體現了依賴傳遞的作用。
1.2 自動配置原理解析
按住Ctrl點擊查看啟動類MySpringBootApplication上的注解@SpringBootApplication
@SpringBootApplication
public class MySpringBootApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MySpringBootApplication.class);
}
}
注解@SpringBootApplication的源碼
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
/**
* Exclude specific auto-configuration classes such that they will never be applied.
* @return the classes to exclude
*/
@AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class)
Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
... ... ...
}
其中,
@SpringBootConfiguration:等同與@Configuration,既標注該類是Spring的一個配置類
@EnableAutoConfiguration:SpringBoot自動配置功能開啟
按住Ctrl點擊查看注解@EnableAutoConfiguration
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
... ... ...
}
其中,@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) 導入了AutoConfigurationImportSelector類
按住Ctrl點擊查看AutoConfigurationImportSelector源碼
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
... ... ...
List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata,
attributes);
configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
configurations = filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
return StringUtils.toStringArray(configurations);
}
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(
getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader());
return configurations;
}
其中,SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames 方法的作用就是從META-INF/spring.factories文件中讀取指定類對應的類名稱列表
spring.factories 文件中有關自動配置的配置信息如下:
... ... ...
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
... ... ...
上面配置文件存在大量的以Configuration為結尾的類名稱,這些類就是存有自動配置信息的類,而SpringApplication在獲取這些類名后再加載
我們以ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration為例來分析源碼:
@Configuration
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRequest.class)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class)
@Import({ ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class,
ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedTomcat.class,
ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedJetty.class,
ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedUndertow.class })
public class ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration {
... ... ...
}
其中,
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class) 代表加載ServerProperties服務器配置屬性類
進入ServerProperties.class源碼如下:
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "server", ignoreUnknownFields = true)
public class ServerProperties {
/**
* Server HTTP port.
*/
private Integer port;
/**
* Network address to which the server should bind.
*/
private InetAddress address;
... ... ...
}
其中,
prefix = "server" 表示SpringBoot配置文件中的前綴,SpringBoot會將配置文件中以server開始的屬性映射到該類的字段中。映射關系如下:
二、SpringBoot的配置文件
2.1 SpringBoot配置文件類型
2.1.1 SpringBoot配置文件類型和作用
SpringBoot是基於約定的,所以很多配置都有默認值,但如果想使用自己的配置替換默認配置的話,就可以使用application.properties或者application.yml(application.yaml)進行配置。
SpringBoot默認會從Resources目錄下加載application.properties或application.yml(application.yaml)文件
其中,application.properties文件是鍵值對類型的文件,之前一直在使用,所以此處不在對properties文件的格式進行闡述。除了properties文件外,SpringBoot還可以使用yml文件進行配置,下面對yml文件進行講解。
2.1.2 application.yml配置文件
2.1.2.1 yml配置文件簡介
YML文件格式是YAML (YAML Aint Markup Language)編寫的文件格式,YAML是一種直觀的能夠被電腦識別的的數據數據序列化格式,並且容易被人類閱讀,容易和腳本語言交互的,可以被支持YAML庫的不同的編程語言程序導入,比如: C/C++, Ruby, Python, Java, Perl, C#, PHP等。YML文件是以數據為核心的,比傳統的xml方式更加簡潔。
YML文件的擴展名可以使用.yml或者.yaml。
2.1.2.2 yml配置文件的語法
2.1.2.2.1 配置普通數據
-
語法: key: value
-
示例代碼:
-
name: haohao
-
注意:value之前有一個空格
2.1.2.2.2 配置對象數據
-
語法:
key:
key1: value1
key2: value2
或者:
key: {key1: value1,key2: value2}
-
示例代碼:
-
person: name: haohao age: 31 addr: beijing #或者 person: {name: haohao,age: 31,addr: beijing}
-
注意:key1前面的空格個數不限定,在yml語法中,相同縮進代表同一個級別
2.1.2.2.2 配置Map數據
同上面的對象寫法
2.1.2.2.3 配置數組(List、Set)數據
-
語法:
key:
- value1
- value2
或者:
key: [value1,value2]
-
示例代碼:
-
city: - beijing - tianjin - shanghai - chongqing #或者 city: [beijing,tianjin,shanghai,chongqing] #集合中的元素是對象形式 student: - name: zhangsan age: 18 score: 100 - name: lisi age: 28 score: 88 - name: wangwu age: 38 score: 90
-
注意:value1與之間的 - 之間存在一個空格
2.1.3 SpringBoot配置信息的查詢
上面提及過,SpringBoot的配置文件,主要的目的就是對配置信息進行修改的,但在配置時的key從哪里去查詢呢?我們可以查閱SpringBoot的官方文檔
常用的配置摘抄如下:
# QUARTZ SCHEDULER (QuartzProperties)
spring.quartz.jdbc.initialize-schema=embedded # Database schema initialization mode.
spring.quartz.jdbc.schema=classpath:org/quartz/impl/jdbcjobstore/tables_@@platform@@.sql # Path to the SQL file to use to initialize the database schema.
spring.quartz.job-store-type=memory # Quartz job store type.
spring.quartz.properties.*= # Additional Quartz Scheduler properties.
# ----------------------------------------
# WEB PROPERTIES
# ----------------------------------------
# EMBEDDED SERVER CONFIGURATION (ServerProperties)
server.port=8080 # Server HTTP port.
server.servlet.context-path= # Context path of the application.
server.servlet.path=/ # Path of the main dispatcher servlet.
# HTTP encoding (HttpEncodingProperties)
spring.http.encoding.charset=UTF-8 # Charset of HTTP requests and responses. Added to the "Content-Type" header if not set explicitly.
# JACKSON (JacksonProperties)
spring.jackson.date-format= # Date format string or a fully-qualified date format class name. For instance, `yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss`.
# SPRING MVC (WebMvcProperties)
spring.mvc.servlet.load-on-startup=-1 # Load on startup priority of the dispatcher servlet.
spring.mvc.static-path-pattern=/** # Path pattern used for static resources.
spring.mvc.view.prefix= # Spring MVC view prefix.
spring.mvc.view.suffix= # Spring MVC view suffix.
# DATASOURCE (DataSourceAutoConfiguration & DataSourceProperties)
spring.datasource.driver-class-name= # Fully qualified name of the JDBC driver. Auto-detected based on the URL by default.
spring.datasource.password= # Login password of the database.
spring.datasource.url= # JDBC URL of the database.
spring.datasource.username= # Login username of the database.
# JEST (Elasticsearch HTTP client) (JestProperties)
spring.elasticsearch.jest.password= # Login password.
spring.elasticsearch.jest.proxy.host= # Proxy host the HTTP client should use.
spring.elasticsearch.jest.proxy.port= # Proxy port the HTTP client should use.
spring.elasticsearch.jest.read-timeout=3s # Read timeout.
spring.elasticsearch.jest.username= # Login username.
我們可以通過配置application.poperties 或者 application.yml 來修改SpringBoot的默認配置
例如:
application.properties文件
server.port=8888
server.servlet.context-path=demo
application.yml文件
server:
port: 8888
servlet:
context-path: /demo
2.2 配置文件與配置類的屬性映射方式
2.2.1 使用注解@Value映射
我們可以通過@Value注解將配置文件中的值映射到一個Spring管理的Bean的字段上
例如:
application.properties配置如下:
person:
name: zhangsan
age: 18
或者,application.yml配置如下:
person:
name: zhangsan
age: 18
實體Bean代碼如下:
@Controller
public class QuickStartController {
@Value("${person.name}")
private String name;
@Value("${person.age}")
private Integer age;
@RequestMapping("/quick")
@ResponseBody
public String quick(){
return "springboot 訪問成功! name="+name+",age="+age;
}
}
瀏覽器訪問地址:http://localhost:8080/quick 結果如下:
2.2.2 使用注解@ConfigurationProperties映射
通過注解@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="配置文件中的key的前綴")可以將配置文件中的配置自動與實體進行映射
application.properties配置如下:
person:
name: zhangsan
age: 18
或者,application.yml配置如下:
person:
name: zhangsan
age: 18
實體Bean代碼如下:
@Controller
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
public class QuickStartController {
private String name;
private Integer age;
@RequestMapping("/quick")
@ResponseBody
public String quick(){
return "springboot 訪問成功! name="+name+",age="+age;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
瀏覽器訪問地址:http://localhost:8080/quick
注意:使用@ConfigurationProperties方式可以進行配置文件與實體字段的自動映射,但需要字段必須提供set方法才可以,而使用@Value注解修飾的字段不需要提供set方法