自定義Django Admin界面

目錄

• 模型
• 注冊模型
• 定制頁面
  • 基礎定制
  • 改進模型方法的輸出樣式
  • 修改admin頁面頂端Django administratione文本
  • admin日期字段格式化

模型

# app/model.py
class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.question_text

    def was_published_recently(self):
        return self.pub_date >= timezone.now()- datetime.timedelta(days=1)

class Choice(models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.choice_text

注冊模型

1.admin.site.register

# app/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Question

class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fields = ['pub_date', 'question_text']    # 字段順序=界面上字段展示順序，可隨意調整

admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)

2.裝飾器寫法

# app/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Question

@admin.register(Question)
class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fields = ['pub_date', 'question_text']

定制頁面

基礎定制

# app/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin

from .models import Choice, Question

class ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline):
    model = Choice
    extra = 3      # 提供3個Choice對象編輯區域

class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    # Question列表頁面顯示的內容
    list_display = ('pk', 'question_text', 'pub_date', 'was_published_recently')
    # 點擊可跳轉
    list_display_links = ('pk', 'pub_date',)
    # 列表界面可編輯
    list_editable = ["question_text"]
    # 划分字段集合
    fieldsets = [
        (None, {'fields': ['question_text']}),
        ('Date information', {'fields': ['pub_date'], 'classes': ['collapse']}),
    ]
    # 在Question頁面編輯Choice對象
    inlines = [ChoiceInline]   
    # 過濾器
    list_filter = ['pub_date']
    # 搜索功能
    search_fields = ['question_text']
    # 按id降序排列
    ordering = ('-pk',)

admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)

改進模型方法的輸出樣式

# app/model.py
class Question(models.Model):
    # ...
    def was_published_recently(self):
        now = timezone.now()
        return now - datetime.timedelta(days=1) <= self.pub_date <= now
    was_published_recently.admin_order_field = 'pub_date'
    was_published_recently.boolean = True
    was_published_recently.short_description = 'Published recently?'

修改admin頁面頂端Django administratione文本

from django.contrib import admin

admin.site.site_header = 'Q&A管理系統'

admin日期字段格式化

1.單獨更新某時間字段

# app/admin.py
list_display =  (..., 'simple_pub_date', ...)

 def simple_pub_date(self, obj):
        return obj.pub_date.strftime"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

 simple_pub_date.short_description="發布時間"

2.整個系統的時間格式都使用同一種日期格式，配置settings.py文件

# mysite/settings.py
USE_L10N = False
DATETIME_FORMAT = "Y-m-d H:i:sO"
date_format = 'Y-m-d'