Webpack js 懶加載


現在的前端單頁應用,都是通過路由導向到具體的頁面。隨着應用越來越大,頁面也越來越多,首屏加載越來越慢,因為需要下載文件越來越大。這時候就需要通過懶加載分離路由頁面,按需加載。那么webpack是如果對頁面進行懶加載處理的呢?

webpack支持兩種動態加載的配置:

1. ECMAScript 的 import()  (注意是帶()的,帶() 表示異步,不帶() 表示立即加載)

2. webpack 自帶的 require.ensure

下面我們使用import來模擬對文件進行懶加載

// index.js
// 需要安裝 @babel/plugin-syntax-dynamic-import 插件
import('./ejs').then(res => {
  console.log('ejs: ', res)
})

import('./cjs').then(res => {
  console.log('cjs: ', res)
})


// ejs.js
const a = 12
const b = {
  a: 1,
  b: 2
}
function fn1 (a) {
  console.log('fn1 in ejs: ', a)
}

export default fn1
export {
  a, b
}


// cjs.js
const a = 1
const b = 2

function fn1 (a) {
  console.log('fn1 in cjs: ', a)
}

// module.exports = {
//   a, b, fn1
// }

exports.a = a

 查看生成的文件,跟不用懶加載一樣,是通過一個立即執行函數:

(function(modules) { // webpackBootstrap
  // install a JSONP callback for chunk loading
  // 
    function webpackJsonpCallback(data) {
        var chunkIds = data[0];
        var moreModules = data[1];


        // add "moreModules" to the modules object,
        // then flag all "chunkIds" as loaded and fire callback
        var moduleId, chunkId, i = 0, resolves = [];
        for(;i < chunkIds.length; i++) {
            chunkId = chunkIds[i];
            if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(installedChunks, chunkId) && installedChunks[chunkId]) {
                resolves.push(installedChunks[chunkId][0]);
            }
            installedChunks[chunkId] = 0;
        }
        for(moduleId in moreModules) {
            if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(moreModules, moduleId)) {
                modules[moduleId] = moreModules[moduleId];
            }
        }
        if(parentJsonpFunction) parentJsonpFunction(data);

        while(resolves.length) {
            resolves.shift()();
        }

    };


    // The module cache
    var installedModules = {};

    // object to store loaded and loading chunks
    // undefined = chunk not loaded, null = chunk preloaded/prefetched
    // Promise = chunk loading, 0 = chunk loaded
    var installedChunks = {
        "app": 0
    };



    // script path function
    function jsonpScriptSrc(chunkId) {
        return __webpack_require__.p + "js/" + ({}[chunkId]||chunkId) + ".bundle.js"
    }

    // The require function
    function __webpack_require__(moduleId) {

        // Check if module is in cache
        if(installedModules[moduleId]) {
            return installedModules[moduleId].exports;
        }
        // Create a new module (and put it into the cache)
        var module = installedModules[moduleId] = {
            i: moduleId,
            l: false,
            exports: {}
        };

        // Execute the module function
        modules[moduleId].call(module.exports, module, module.exports, __webpack_require__);

        // Flag the module as loaded
        module.l = true;

        // Return the exports of the module
        return module.exports;
    }

    // This file contains only the entry chunk.
    // The chunk loading function for additional chunks
    __webpack_require__.e = function requireEnsure(chunkId) {
        var promises = [];


        // JSONP chunk loading for javascript

        var installedChunkData = installedChunks[chunkId];
        if(installedChunkData !== 0) { // 0 means "already installed".

            // a Promise means "currently loading".
            if(installedChunkData) {
                promises.push(installedChunkData[2]);
            } else {
                // setup Promise in chunk cache
                var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
                    installedChunkData = installedChunks[chunkId] = [resolve, reject];
                });
                promises.push(installedChunkData[2] = promise);

                // start chunk loading
                var script = document.createElement('script');
                var onScriptComplete;

                script.charset = 'utf-8';
                script.timeout = 120;
                if (__webpack_require__.nc) {
                    script.setAttribute("nonce", __webpack_require__.nc);
                }
                script.src = jsonpScriptSrc(chunkId);

                // create error before stack unwound to get useful stacktrace later
                var error = new Error();
                onScriptComplete = function (event) {
                    // avoid mem leaks in IE.
                    script.onerror = script.onload = null;
                    clearTimeout(timeout);
                    var chunk = installedChunks[chunkId];
                    if(chunk !== 0) {
                        if(chunk) {
                            var errorType = event && (event.type === 'load' ? 'missing' : event.type);
                            var realSrc = event && event.target && event.target.src;
                            error.message = 'Loading chunk ' + chunkId + ' failed.\n(' + errorType + ': ' + realSrc + ')';
                            error.name = 'ChunkLoadError';
                            error.type = errorType;
                            error.request = realSrc;
                            chunk[1](error);
                        }
                        installedChunks[chunkId] = undefined;
                    }
                };
                var timeout = setTimeout(function(){
                    onScriptComplete({ type: 'timeout', target: script });
                }, 120000);
                script.onerror = script.onload = onScriptComplete;
                document.head.appendChild(script);
            }
        }
        return Promise.all(promises);
    };

    // expose the modules object (__webpack_modules__)
    __webpack_require__.m = modules;

    // expose the module cache
    __webpack_require__.c = installedModules;

    // define getter function for harmony exports
    __webpack_require__.d = function(exports, name, getter) {
        if(!__webpack_require__.o(exports, name)) {
            Object.defineProperty(exports, name, { enumerable: true, get: getter });
        }
    };

    // define __esModule on exports
    __webpack_require__.r = function(exports) {
        if(typeof Symbol !== 'undefined' && Symbol.toStringTag) {
            Object.defineProperty(exports, Symbol.toStringTag, { value: 'Module' });
        }
        Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', { value: true });
    };

    // create a fake namespace object
    // mode & 1: value is a module id, require it
    // mode & 2: merge all properties of value into the ns
    // mode & 4: return value when already ns object
    // mode & 8|1: behave like require
    __webpack_require__.t = function(value, mode) {
        if(mode & 1) value = __webpack_require__(value);
        if(mode & 8) return value;
        if((mode & 4) && typeof value === 'object' && value && value.__esModule) return value;
        var ns = Object.create(null);
        __webpack_require__.r(ns);
        Object.defineProperty(ns, 'default', { enumerable: true, value: value });
        if(mode & 2 && typeof value != 'string') for(var key in value) __webpack_require__.d(ns, key, function(key) { return value[key]; }.bind(null, key));
        return ns;
    };

    // getDefaultExport function for compatibility with non-harmony modules
    __webpack_require__.n = function(module) {
        var getter = module && module.__esModule ?
            function getDefault() { return module['default']; } :
            function getModuleExports() { return module; };
        __webpack_require__.d(getter, 'a', getter);
        return getter;
    };

    // Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call
    __webpack_require__.o = function(object, property) { return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(object, property); };

    // __webpack_public_path__
    __webpack_require__.p = "";

    // on error function for async loading
    __webpack_require__.oe = function(err) { console.error(err); throw err; };

    var jsonpArray = window["webpackJsonp"] = window["webpackJsonp"] || [];
    var oldJsonpFunction = jsonpArray.push.bind(jsonpArray);
    jsonpArray.push = webpackJsonpCallback;
    jsonpArray = jsonpArray.slice();
    for(var i = 0; i < jsonpArray.length; i++) webpackJsonpCallback(jsonpArray[i]);
    var parentJsonpFunction = oldJsonpFunction;


    // Load entry module and return exports
    return __webpack_require__(__webpack_require__.s = "./src/js/index.js");
})
/************************************************************************/
({

/***/ "./src/js/index.js":
/*!*************************!*\
  !*** ./src/js/index.js ***!
  \*************************/
/*! no static exports found */
/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {

eval("// import * as ejs from './ejs'\n// import test from './ejs'\n// import cjs from './cjs'\n// const requireCjs = require('./cjs')\n// const requireEjs = require('./ejs')\n// console.log('cjs: ', cjs)\n// console.log('ejs: ', ejs)\n// console.log('test: ', test)\n// console.log('requireCjs: ', requireCjs)\n// console.log('requireEjs: ', requireEjs)\n// 需要安裝 @babel/plugin-syntax-dynamic-import 插件\n__webpack_require__.e(/*! import() */ 1).then(__webpack_require__.bind(null, /*! ./ejs */ \"./src/js/ejs.js\")).then(res => {\n  console.log('ejs: ', res);\n});\n__webpack_require__.e(/*! import() */ 0).then(__webpack_require__.t.bind(null, /*! ./cjs */ \"./src/js/cjs.js\", 7)).then(res => {\n  console.log('cjs: ', res);\n});\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack:///./src/js/index.js?");

/***/ })

});
View Code

先看下立即執行函數傳入的參數:

// __webpack_require__.e 這個是什么鬼?其實這個就是實現懶加載的重點,也是跟非懶加載模塊的一個區別
__webpack_require__.e(/*! import() */ 1).then(__webpack_require__.bind(null, /*! ./ejs */ "./src/js/ejs.js")).then(res => {
  console.log('ejs: ', res);
});
__webpack_require__.e(/*! import() */ 0).then(__webpack_require__.t.bind(null, /*! ./cjs */ "./src/js/cjs.js", 7)).then(res => {
  console.log('cjs: ', res);
});

接着看懶加載的函數:

// This file contains only the entry chunk.
// The chunk loading function for additional chunks
__webpack_require__.e = function requireEnsure(chunkId) {
  var promises = [];


  // JSONP chunk loading for javascript

  // 已經加載的chunk數據.如果值為0,表示已經加載過,直接返回Promise.all([]),即直接執行then回調
  var installedChunkData = installedChunks[chunkId];
  if(installedChunkData !== 0) { // 0 means "already installed".

    // a Promise means "currently loading".
    // 如果 installedChunkData 不為0 且 有值,說明正在加載中,等待就行
    if(installedChunkData) {
      promises.push(installedChunkData[2]);
    } else {
      // setup Promise in chunk cache
      // 封裝 Promise,因為這里都是基於Promise,所以如果不支持的(說的就是你,IE,需要安裝polyfill)
      // 將 chunkId 存入 installedChunks 數組,避免重復請求(就是上面if判斷)
      var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
        installedChunkData = installedChunks[chunkId] = [resolve, reject];
      });

      // 將 promise 放入數組,用於后面返回
      promises.push(installedChunkData[2] = promise);

      // start chunk loading
      // 創建 <script> 標簽,請求對應的 chunk 文件
      var script = document.createElement('script');
      var onScriptComplete;

      script.charset = 'utf-8';
      script.timeout = 120;
      if (__webpack_require__.nc) {
        script.setAttribute("nonce", __webpack_require__.nc);
      }

      // 構造 script 路徑
      script.src = jsonpScriptSrc(chunkId);

      // create error before stack unwound to get useful stacktrace later
      var error = new Error();
      onScriptComplete = function (event) {
        // avoid mem leaks in IE.
        script.onerror = script.onload = null;
        clearTimeout(timeout);
        var chunk = installedChunks[chunkId];
        if(chunk !== 0) {
          if(chunk) {
            var errorType = event && (event.type === 'load' ? 'missing' : event.type);
            var realSrc = event && event.target && event.target.src;
            error.message = 'Loading chunk ' + chunkId + ' failed.\n(' + errorType + ': ' + realSrc + ')';
            error.name = 'ChunkLoadError';
            error.type = errorType;
            error.request = realSrc;
            chunk[1](error);
          }
          installedChunks[chunkId] = undefined;
        }
      };
      // 設置超時,當 chunk 文件下載超時時執行
      var timeout = setTimeout(function(){
        onScriptComplete({ type: 'timeout', target: script });
      }, 120000);
      script.onerror = script.onload = onScriptComplete;
      // 添加到 head,等待下載完之后執行 chunk 里面的回調就行
      document.head.appendChild(script);
    }
  }
  return Promise.all(promises);
};

 

當chunk文件下載完之后,看下chunk文件:

/* 
  這個 window.webpackJsonp 是哪來的?干嘛用的呢?
  其實這個是在生成的 app.bundle.js 里面定義的,用於下載完 chunk 文件之后的回調:
    var jsonpArray = window["webpackJsonp"] = window["webpackJsonp"] || [];
    var oldJsonpFunction = jsonpArray.push.bind(jsonpArray);
    jsonpArray.push = webpackJsonpCallback;
    jsonpArray = jsonpArray.slice();
    for(var i = 0; i < jsonpArray.length; i++) webpackJsonpCallback(jsonpArray[i]);
    var parentJsonpFunction = oldJsonpFunction;
  注意這里的 webpackJsonp 是一個全局變量,有可能會跟你本身代碼或者依賴的模塊/庫沖突,如果沖突可通過 webpack 配置的 output.jsonpFunction 重新命名
  可以看到這個 webpackJsonp 是一個數組,這里重置了它的 push 屬性,將其指向 webpackJsonpCallback,用於 模擬 jsonp 回調(jsonp主要是以前用來解決跨域問題的一個方案,具體的可以百度看看)
  這里的參數是二維數組,數組的第一個參數是一個數組,表明該文件的chunkId,第二個參數是一個對象,key代表源文件路徑,value代表源文件打包之后的內容
*/
(window["webpackJsonp"] = window["webpackJsonp"] || []).push([[1],{

/***/ "./src/js/ejs.js":
/*!***********************!*\
  !*** ./src/js/ejs.js ***!
  \***********************/
/*! exports provided: default, a, b */
/***/ (function(module, __webpack_exports__, __webpack_require__) {

"use strict";
eval("__webpack_require__.r(__webpack_exports__);\n/* harmony export (binding) */ __webpack_require__.d(__webpack_exports__, \"a\", function() { return a; });\n/* harmony export (binding) */ __webpack_require__.d(__webpack_exports__, \"b\", function() { return b; });\nconst a = 12;\nconst b = {\n  a: 1,\n  b: 2\n};\n\nfunction fn1(a) {\n  console.log('fn1 in ejs: ', a);\n}\n\n/* harmony default export */ __webpack_exports__[\"default\"] = (fn1);\n\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack:///./src/js/ejs.js?");

/***/ })

}]);

 

接着進來 webpackJsonpCallback 看下這個函數是做什么的:

function webpackJsonpCallback(data) {
  // chunkIds 表示需要加載的 chunk 文件對應的id,可能有多個
  // moremodules 表示對應的模塊,key表示文件路徑,value表示模塊內容
  var chunkIds = data[0];
  var moreModules = data[1];


  // add "moreModules" to the modules object,
  // then flag all "chunkIds" as loaded and fire callback
  var moduleId, chunkId, i = 0, resolves = [];
  for(;i < chunkIds.length; i++) {
    chunkId = chunkIds[i];
    // 判斷installedChunks里面對應的chunkId是否已經加載過,已經加載過的話,對應的值應該是 installedChunks[chunkId] === 0 即不會跑到if里面
    if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(installedChunks, chunkId) && installedChunks[chunkId]) {
      // 如果未加載,在 __webpack_require__.e 函數里面存儲的 installedChunks[chunkId] 是一個數組,對應的元素分別是 resolve函數,reject函數,promise對象
      // 這里獲取對應的 resolve 函數,便於后面resolve掉該promise,觸發對應的依賴該模塊的then回調
      resolves.push(installedChunks[chunkId][0]);
    }
    // 將 installedChunks[chunkId] 置為0 表示已經加載過,后續依賴該模塊的地方直接執行then函數
    // 具體實現在 __webpack_require__.e 函數里面
    installedChunks[chunkId] = 0;
  }

  // 遍歷 moreModule,並將其加到 modules 里面,便於后面通過 __webpack_require__ 加載該模塊
  for(moduleId in moreModules) {
    if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(moreModules, moduleId)) {
      modules[moduleId] = moreModules[moduleId];
    }
  }

  // 將該data存入全局的 window["webpackJsonp"] 數組里面
// 這里為啥要存在 window["webpackJsonp"]?是個問題。因為單頁面app.bundle.js 就是主入口,也就是只有頁面重新加載才會再跑一遍,但是這時候頁面重新渲染重新賦值,需要重新構造請求,不存在已加載情況。如果是多頁面的話,不會共享同個window。還請高手指點指點
if(parentJsonpFunction) parentJsonpFunction(data); // resolve Promise 並觸發對應的回調,這里對應的就是 app.bundle.js 里面的 __webpack_require__.e(/*! import() */ 1).then(__webpack_require__.bind(null, /*! ./ejs */ "./src/js/ejs.js")) 回調,加載對應的模塊 while(resolves.length) { resolves.shift()(); } };

 

接下的邏輯就是正常的執行對應的模塊了。

以上就是對於webpack懶加載的一些理解,如有不對,還請各位大佬指點指點。


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