升級步驟
- Oracle 12.2.0.1升級至12.2.0.1.190115
1、閱讀readme文件
2、檢查更新opatch
3、備份程序
4、使用opatchauto工具進行數據庫升級
5、打OJVM補丁1、閱讀readme文件
2、檢查更新opatch
【12.1.0.2.0】版本是12.1.0.1.3 更新至12.2.0.1.13之上
【12.2.0.1.0】版本是12.2.0.1.6 更新至12.2.0.1.12之上
--更新opatchhttps://updates.oracle.com/download/6880880.html Opatch下載地址鏈接：https://share.weiyun.com/5d28Fqi 密碼：521215 【打補丁的工具】鏈接：https://share.weiyun.com/5krgk4P 密碼：521215 【補丁包】
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch version
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lspatches
chmod -R 777 /oracle/soft/p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip
--------------------------------oracle opatch
su - oracle
ls -ld $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch*
mv $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch`date +\%Y\%m\%d`bak && cd /oracle/soft && unzip p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch version
RAC環境下無法在grid用戶下直接執行，會報權限不足，需要root用戶mv opatch
--------------------------------grid opatch
su - grid
ls -ld $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch*
cd $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
pwd
su -
mv /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/OPatch /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/OPatch`date +\%Y\%m\%d`
unzip /oracle/soft/p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip -d /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid 【注意此處改為你grid的目錄】
chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/OPatch
su - grid
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch version3、備份程序
【備份軟件】
su - root
mkdir -p /oracle/backup_soft
nohup tar -cvf /oracle/backup_soft/`date +\%Y\%m\%d`_oracle.tar /oracle/app/oracle >/oracle/backup_soft/`date +\%Y\%m\%d`_oracle.tar.log &
nohup tar -cvf /oracle/backup_soft/`date +\%Y\%m\%d`_12.2.0.tar /oracle/app/12.2.0 >/oracle/backup_soft/`date +\%Y\%m\%d`_12.2.0.tar.log &
nohup tar -cvf /oracle/backup_soft/`date +\%Y\%m\%d`_grid.tar /oracle/app/grid >/oracle/backup_soft/`date +\%Y\%m\%d`_grid.tar.log &
nohup tar -cvf /oracle/backup_soft/`date +\%Y\%m\%d`_oraInventory.tar /oracle/app/oraInventory >/oracle/backup_soft/`date +\%Y\%m\%d`_oraInventory.tar.log &
nohup tar -cvf /oracle/backup_soft/`date +\%Y\%m\%d`_etc.tar /etc >/oracle/backup_soft/`date +\%Y\%m\%d`_etc.tar.log &4、使用opatchauto工具進行數據庫升級
su – root
mkdir -p /oracle/soft/12c_patch
cd /oracle/soft/12c_patch
unzip /oracle/soft/p28980109_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip -d /oracle/soft/12c_patch 【解壓目錄位置無所謂，主要是下面更改的權限問題】
chmod -R 777 /oracle/soft/12c_patch
方法1：GI和DB分開打
【To patch only the GI home】
su - root
export UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION=/oracle/soft/12c_patch/28980109 【注意此處你解壓的位置可能不是這里，需要定義不同的位置】
export GI_HOME=/oracle/app/12.2.0/grid 【注意此處你的gird的home目錄可能不是這個，需要根據實際來修改】
export PATH=$PATH:$GI_HOME/OPatch
opatchauto apply $UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION/28828733 -oh $GI_HOME -analyze此處遇到報錯：
發現缺少文件，解決方法：
yum install perl*
查找Basename.pm文件，如果root目錄下沒有，則拷到對應的目錄下：
find / -name "Basename.pm"
cp /usr/share/perl5/File/Basename.pm /root/perl5/lib/perl5/File/Basename.pm
find / -name "Cwd.pm"
ln -s /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/perl/lib/5.22.0/x86_64-linux-thread-multi /root/perl5/lib/perl5 【注意此處的目錄可能不一致】
export PERL5LIB=/u01/app/12.2.0/grid/perl/lib/5.22.0 【注意此處的目錄可能不一致】
再次執行：
opatchauto apply $UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION/28828733 -oh $GI_HOME -analyze
opatchauto apply $UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION/28828733 -oh $GI_HOME
【To patch only the DB home】
su - root
export UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION=/oracle/soft/12c_patch/28980109 【注意此處需要修改為你解壓補丁包的位置】
export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1 【注意修改你此處的oracle家目錄位置】
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
opatchauto apply $UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION/28828733 -oh $ORACLE_HOME -analyze依舊報錯，查看日志：
[root@gsrzrac01 /root]
#find / -name "Cwd.pm"
/opt/oracle/products/12.2.0/perl/lib/5.22.0/x86_64-linux-thread-multi/Cwd.pm
/opt/grid/products/12.2.0/perl/lib/5.22.0/x86_64-linux-thread-multi/Cwd.pm
/usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/Cwd.pm
[root@gsrzrac01 /root]
#export PERL5LIB=/opt/grid/products/12.2.0/perl/lib/5.22.0 【切換了用戶，導致臨時定義的變量失效了，重新定義變量】
之后再次執行：
opatchauto
apply
$UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION/
28828733
-oh $ORACLE_HOME -
analyze
opatchauto apply $UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION/28828733 -oh $ORACLE_HOME
方法2：GI+DB一起打
su - root
export UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION=/oracle/soft/12c_patch/28980109
export GI_HOME=/oracle/app/12.2.0/grid
export PATH=$PATH:$GI_HOME/OPatch
opatchauto apply $UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION/28828733 -analyze
opatchauto apply $UNZIPPED_PATCH_LOCATION/28828733
--12C補丁列表信息
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch version
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lspatches
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lsinventory
--檢查數據字典中補丁信息
set lines 500 pages 500
col description for a80
col action_time for a35
col action for a10
col comments for a50
col VERSION for a20
col NAMESPACE for a20
col BUNDLE_SERIES for a20
select * from registry$history;
select patch_id,version,action,status,action_time,description from dba_registry_sqlpatch;
5、打OJVM補丁
【OJVM】
1、ojvm補丁檢查
su - oracle
export PATCH_TOP_DIR=/oracle/soft/12c_patch/28980109
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -ph $PATCH_TOP_DIR/28790651
2、關閉所有服務（shut down all the services (database, ASM, listeners, nodeapps, and CRS daemons)
For an Oracle RAC environment, shut down all the services (database, ASM, listeners, nodeapps, and CRS daemons) running from the Oracle home on all the nodes you want to patch. su – root
/oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl stop cluster -all -----停止所有節點集群服務
3、打OJVM補丁,所有節點都要打（OPatch is used on only one node at a time.）
su - oracle
export PATCH_TOP_DIR=/oracle/soft/12c_patch/28980109
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
cd $PATCH_TOP_DIR/28790651
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch apply
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lspatches
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lsinventory
第一個節點打完全部補丁，去其他計算節點，挨個打完。
4、啟服務 (After all nodes are patched, start all services. )
su – root
/oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl start cluster -all -----啟動所有節點集群服務
5、Loading Modified SQL Files Into the Database
1)Starting the Database for Post Installation Steps in an Oracle RAC Environment
On only one node, perform the following steps to start an Oracle RAC database in startup upgrade mode.
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup 啟動所有服務的時候數據庫資源以及啟動了
SQL> alter system set cluster_database=false scope=spfile;
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl stop database -d ndscdb
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup upgrade
2)
cd $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
./datapatch -verbose 過程見下面
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> shutdown immediate;
3)Restarting the Database after Running the Post Installation Steps in an Oracle RAC Environment
To start the database back in normal mode
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup
SQL> alter system set cluster_database=true scope=spfile;
SQL> shutdown immediate;
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl start database -d ndscdb
6、失效對象
cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> @utlrp.sql
set lin 300 pages 5000
col object_name for a40
col owner for a20
select count(*) from dba_objects where status='INVALID';
select count(*) from dba_objects where status='INVALID' and owner='SYS';
select owner,object_name,object_type,status from dba_objects where status='INVALID';
7、檢查數據字典中補丁信息
set lines 500 pages 500
col description for a75
col action_time for a35
col action for a10
col comments for a50
col VERSION for a25
col NAMESPACE for a20
col BUNDLE_SERIES for a20
select * from registry$history;
select patch_id,version,action,status,action_time,description from dba_registry_sqlpatch;