spring事務實現方式有哪些？

本文轉載自查看原文 2019-12-31 10:53 695

編程式事務管理，在代碼中調用 commit()、rollback()等事務管理相關的方法

maven pom.xml文件

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
    <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
    <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
    <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
 
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
    <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
 
<!-- mysql驅動 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.18</version>
</dependency>

編程式事務管理，可以通過 java.sql.Connection 控制事務。spring 配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        
    <bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></bean>
 
    <bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource">
        <constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" />
        <constructor-arg index="1">
            <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value>
        </constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg index="2">
            <value>root</value>
        </constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg index="3">
            <value>root</value>
        </constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    
</beans>

測試代碼

package constxiong.interview.transaction;
 
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
 
import javax.sql.DataSource;
 
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
public class TransactionTest {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        testManualTransaction();//測試函數式控制事務
    }
    
    private static void testManualTransaction() throws SQLException {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");
        DataSource ds = (DataSource)context.getBean("datasource");
        Connection conn = ds.getConnection();
        try {
            initTable(conn);//初始化表
            conn.setAutoCommit(false);//設置不自動提交事務
            queryUsers(conn);//查詢打印用戶表
            deleteUser(conn);//刪除 id=1 用戶
            conn.rollback();//回滾
            queryUsers(conn);//查詢打印用戶表
        } finally {
            conn.close();
        }
    }
 
    private static void initTable(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
        conn.createStatement().execute("drop table if exists user");
        conn.createStatement().execute("create table user(id int, username varchar(60)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ");//是否支持事務與數據庫引擎有關，此處刪除 ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 可能不支持事務
        conn.createStatement().execute("insert into user values(1, 'user1')");
        conn.createStatement().execute("insert into user values(2, 'user2')");
    }
 
    private static void deleteUser(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
        conn.createStatement().execute("delete from user where id = 1");
    }
 
    private static void queryUsers(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
        Statement st = conn.createStatement();
        st.execute("select * from user");
        ResultSet rs = st.getResultSet();
        while (rs.next()) {
            System.out.print(rs.getString("id"));
            System.out.print(" ");
            System.out.print(rs.getString("username"));
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
    
}

刪除用戶語句回滾，打印出兩個用戶

1 user1
2 user2
1 user1
2 user2

基於 TransactionProxyFactoryBean 的聲明式事務管理

新增 UserDao 接口

package constxiong.interview.transaction;
 
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
 
public interface UserDao {
 
    /**
     * 查詢用戶
     * @return
     */
    public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers();
    
    /**
     * 刪除用戶
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public int deleteUser(int id);
    
}

新增 UserDao 實現

package constxiong.interview.transaction;
 
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
 
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
 
public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao {
    
    /**
     * 查詢用戶
     * @return
     */
    public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers() {
        String sql = "select * from user";
        return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql);
    }
    
    /**
     * 刪除用戶
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public int deleteUser(int id){
        String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;
        int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql);
        if (id == 1) {
            throw new RuntimeException();
        }
        return result;
    }
}

修改 spring 配置文件，添加事務管理器 DataSourceTransactionManager 和事務代理類 TransactionProxyFactoryBean

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        
    <bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></bean>
    
    <bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource">
        <constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" />
        <constructor-arg index="1">
            <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value>
        </constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg index="2">
            <value>root</value>
        </constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg index="3">
            <value>root</value>
        </constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="userDao" class="constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 事務管理器 -->
    <bean id="tracnsactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property>
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="userProxy" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="tracnsactionManager"></property>
        <property name="target" ref="userDao"></property>
        <property name="transactionAttributes">
            <props>
                <!-- 主要 key 是方法   
                    ISOLATION_DEFAULT  事務的隔離級別
                    PROPAGATION_REQUIRED  傳播行為
                -->
                <!-- -Exception 表示發生指定異常回滾，+Exception 表示發生指定異常提交 -->
                <prop key="deleteUser">-java.lang.RuntimeException</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
    
</beans>

測試代碼

package constxiong.interview.transaction;
 
import java.util.Map;
 
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
public class TransactionTest {
 
    static ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        testUseTransactionProxy(); //測試使用 spring TransactionProxyFactoryBean
    }
    
    private static void testUseTransactionProxy() {
        final UserDao userDao = (UserDao)context.getBean("userProxy");
        printUsers(userDao);//打印用戶
        userDao.deleteUser(1);//刪除 id=1 用戶
    }
 
    private static void printUsers(UserDao userDao) {
        for (Map<String, Object> user : userDao.getUsers()) {
            System.out.println(user);
        }
    }
 
}

結果輸出

{id=1, username=user1}
{id=2, username=user2}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException
    at constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl.deleteUser(UserDaoImpl.java:28)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:281)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:208)
    at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy3.deleteUser(Unknown Source)
    at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.testUseTransactionProxy(TransactionTest.java:32)
    at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.main(TransactionTest.java:13)

基於注解 @Transactional 的聲明式事務管理

UserDaoImpl 刪除用戶方法添加注解 @Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class) 出現 RuntimeException 回滾

package constxiong.interview.transaction;
 
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
 
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 
public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao {
    
    /**
     * 查詢用戶
     * @return
     */
    public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers() {
        String sql = "select * from user";
        return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql);
    }
    
    /**
     * 刪除用戶
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class)
    public int deleteUser(int id){
        String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;
        int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql);
        if (id == 1) {
            throw new RuntimeException();
        }
        return result;
    }
}

修改 spring 配置文件，開啟 spring 的事務注解能力

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        
    <bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></bean>
    
    <bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource">
        <constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" />
        <constructor-arg index="1">
            <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value>
        </constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg index="2">
            <value>root</value>
        </constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg index="3">
            <value>root</value>
        </constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="userDao" class="constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 事務管理器 -->
    <bean id="tracnsactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 啟用事務注解 -->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="tracnsactionManager"/>
    
</beans>

測試代碼

package constxiong.interview.transaction;
 
import java.util.Map;
 
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
public class TransactionTest {
 
    static ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        testAnnotationTransaction();
    }
    
    
    private static void testAnnotationTransaction() {
        UserDao userDao = (UserDao)context.getBean("userDao");
        printUsers(userDao);
        userDao.deleteUser(1);
    }
 
 
    private static void printUsers(UserDao userDao) {
        for (Map<String, Object> user : userDao.getUsers()) {
            System.out.println(user);
        }
    }
 
}

輸出結果

{id=1, username=user1}
{id=2, username=user2}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException
    at constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl.deleteUser(UserDaoImpl.java:30)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:281)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:208)
    at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy5.deleteUser(Unknown Source)
    at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.testAnnotationTransaction(TransactionTest.java:20)
    at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.main(TransactionTest.java:13)

基於 Aspectj AOP 配置（注解）事務

maven pom.xml 添加 Aspectj 的支持

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
    <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
    <version>1.8.13</version>
</dependency>

去除 UserDaoImpl 注解@Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class)

package constxiong.interview.transaction;
 
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
 
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
 
public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao {
    
    /**
     * 查詢用戶
     * @return
     */
    public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers() {
        String sql = "select * from user";
        return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql);
    }
    
    /**
     * 刪除用戶
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public int deleteUser(int id){
        String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;
        int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql);
        if (id == 1) {
            throw new RuntimeException();
        }
        return result;
    }
}

修改 spring 配置文件，織入切面

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        
    <bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></bean>
    
    <bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource">
        <constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" />
        <constructor-arg index="1">
            <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value>
        </constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg index="2">
            <value>root</value>
        </constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg index="3">
            <value>root</value>
        </constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="userDao" class="constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 事務管理器 -->
    <bean id="tracnsactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property>
    </bean>
    
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="tracnsactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <!-- 為連接點指定事務屬性 -->
            <tx:method name="deleteUser" rollback-for="java.lang.RuntimeException"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>
    
    <aop:config>
        <!-- 切入點配置 -->
        <aop:pointcut id="point" expression="execution(* *constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDao.deleteUser(..))" />
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="point"/>
    </aop:config>
    
</beans>

測試代碼

package constxiong.interview.transaction;
 
import java.util.Map;
 
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
public class TransactionTest {
 
    static ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        testAspectjTransaction();
    }
    
    
    private static void testAspectjTransaction() {
        UserDao userDao = (UserDao)context.getBean("userDao");
        printUsers(userDao);
        userDao.deleteUser(1);
    }
 
 
    private static void printUsers(UserDao userDao) {
        for (Map<String, Object> user : userDao.getUsers()) {
            System.out.println(user);
        }
    }
 
}

輸出結果

{id=1, username=user1}
{id=2, username=user2}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException
    at constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl.deleteUser(UserDaoImpl.java:28)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:281)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
    at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:92)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:208)
    at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy2.deleteUser(Unknown Source)
    at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.testAnnotationTransaction(TransactionTest.java:20)
    at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.main(TransactionTest.java:13)

PS：

這篇僅用事務回滾為例，了解 spring 事務控制，還需要關注數據庫的ACID四種特性、事務傳播特性、事務的隔離級別（臟讀、不可重復讀、幻讀）。

詳細可參考：https://blog.csdn.net/chinacr07/article/details/78817449

spring 事務的源碼學習可以參考：

原文鏈接

Java 自學經歷
Java 面試題 H5
Java 面試題小程序

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