Ubuntu 18.04配置OpenCV 4.2.0

目錄

• Step 1: 安裝OpenCV的依賴包
• Step 2: 下載OpenCV 4.2.0和OpenCV Contrib 4.2.0
• Step 3: 使用cmake構建庫
• Step 4: 使用make構建庫
• Step 5: 修改opencv4.pc文件
• Step 6: 在.bashrc文件中添加PKG_CONFIG_PATH
• Step 7: 使用C++代碼進行驗證

本文主要介紹在Ubuntu 18.04中從源碼安裝配置OpenCV，並使用一個簡單的例子驗證是否安裝成功；

具體安裝配置步驟，參考文章見：https://cv-tricks.com/installation/opencv-4-1-ubuntu18-04/

與上述鏈接中提供的教程不同的是：

• 部分依賴包安裝可能需要修改
• 本文安裝配置OpenCV版本為4.2，支持使用CUDA對DNN模塊加速計算
• 本文不涉及Python接口配置，僅配置為C++使用，所以會跳過步驟Step2~5

Step 1: 安裝OpenCV的依賴包

一步一步的安裝下面的所有依賴包：

sudo apt-get update -y # Update the list of packages
sudo apt-get remove -y x264 libx264-dev # Remove the older version of libx264-dev and x264
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential checkinstall cmake pkg-config yasm
sudo apt-get install -y git gfortran
sudo add-apt-repository -y "deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main"
sudo apt-get install -y libjpeg8-dev libjasper-dev libpng12-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libtiff5-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libdc1394-22-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libxine2-dev libv4l-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev
sudo apt-get install -y qt5-default libgtk2.0-dev libtbb-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libatlas-base-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libfaac-dev libmp3lame-dev libtheora-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev
sudo apt-get install -y x264 v4l-utils
 
# Some Optional Dependencies
sudo apt-get install -y libprotobuf-dev protobuf-compiler
sudo apt-get install -y libgoogle-glog-dev libgflags-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libgphoto2-dev libeigen3-dev libhdf5-dev doxygen

在安裝上述依賴包的過程中，可能會存在一些錯誤提示，這里我將自己遇到的問題列出，並給出解決方案;
錯誤1：

E: Unable to locate package libjasper-dev

執行：

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main"
sudo apt-get update

再次執行安裝依賴包就行；

錯誤2：

E: Unable to locate package libgstreamer0.10-dev

執行:

sudo apt install libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev

即可；

Step 2: 下載OpenCV 4.2.0和OpenCV Contrib 4.2.0

OpenCV 4.2.0:
https://github.com/opencv/opencv/releases/tag/4.2.0

OpenCV Contib 4.2.0:
https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/releases/tag/4.2.0

假如將兩個壓縮包保存到/home/username/opencv4.2/，進行解壓；

如，我將下載得到的文件放在了opencv4.2這個文件夾中，修改成"/home/username/opencv4.2/";

最后目錄結構如下：

/home/username/opencv4.2/
	opencv-4.2.0/
	opencv_contrib-4.2.0/
	ippicv_2019_lnx_intel64_general_20180723.tgz

相關問題提前說明:

下面幾個問題可能出現在安裝的不同階段中,視情況而定;

問題一:

因為網絡的原因,如果下載opencv和opencv-contrib時速度比較慢或者下載失敗,則可以通過下面鏈接尋找相應的壓縮包(感謝老鐵):

https://www.bzblog.online/wordpress/index.php/2020/03/09/opencvdownload/

問題二:

另外，在編譯的時候需要ippicv_2019_lnx_intel64_general_20180723.tgz這個文件，下載的時候會特別慢。這里提供一個鏈接:

鏈接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/16afQkmJ0Hu9BenxmJy_1cQ 提取碼：Uy22 

問題三:

再另外,在編譯的過程中,出現錯誤

fatal error: boostdesc_bgm.i: No such file or directory

該問題同樣是因為網絡的原因,提供鏈接下載:

鏈接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1ihQggYXevvgw7kcMKT8Uvg 提取碼：9491

下載完成后,將帶有不同關鍵字符*-vgg*與*-boost*的文件放入文件夾中;

├── boostdesc_bgm_bi.i
├── boostdesc_bgm_hd.i
├── boostdesc_bgm.i
├── boostdesc_binboost_064.i
├── boostdesc_binboost_128.i
├── boostdesc_binboost_256.i
├── boostdesc_lbgm.i
├── vgg_generated_120.i
├── vgg_generated_48.i
├── vgg_generated_64.i
└── vgg_generated_80.i

拷貝到:

mv ./* opencv_contrib-4.2.0/modules/xfeatures2d/src/

問題四:

如果在編譯過程中出現下面錯誤:

opencv_contrib-4.2.0/modules/xfeatures2d/test/test_features2d.cpp:51:10: fatal error: features2d/test/test_detectors_regression.impl.hpp: No such file or directory

或許你可以發現在文件夾opencv_contrib-4.2.0/modules/xfeatures2d/test中沒有下面這個文件

test_detectors_regression.impl.hpp

那么,它在哪里呢?它在opencv-4.2.0/modules/features2d/test中`;

因此,修改文件夾opencv_contrib-4.2.0/modules/xfeatures2d/test下的文件:

test_features2d.cpp

將:

#include "features2d/test/test_detectors_regression.impl.hpp"
#include "features2d/test/test_descriptors_regression.impl.hpp"

修改成:

#include "/home/***/opencv-4.2.0/modules/features2d/test/test_detectors_regression.impl.hpp"
#include "/home/***/opencv-4.2.0/modules/features2d/test/test_descriptors_regression.impl.hpp"

同理,也需要修改另外一個文件:

test_rotation_and_scale_invariance.cpp

同理,如果出現以下問題,也需要修改相應文件:

opencv-4.2.0/samples/gpu/surf_keypoint_matcher.cpp:11:10: fatal error: opencv2/xfeatures2d/cuda.hpp: No such file or directory

那么這個文件在哪呢?是在opencv_contrib-4.2.0/modules/xfeatures2d/include/opencv2/xfeatures2d下,因此,需要修改文件夾opencv-4.2.0/samples/gpu/下的文件:

surf_keypoint_matcher.cpp

將:

#include "opencv2/xfeatures2d/cuda.hpp"

修改成:

#include "/home/***/opencv_contrib-4.2.0/modules/xfeatures2d/include/opencv2/xfeatures2d/cuda.hpp"

問題五:

出現如下問題:

CMakeFiles/example_gpu_surf_keypoint_matcher.dir/surf_keypoint_matcher.cpp.o: In function `main':
surf_keypoint_matcher.cpp:(.text.startup.main+0x352): undefined reference to `cv::cuda::SURF_CUDA::SURF_CUDA()'
surf_keypoint_matcher.cpp:(.text.startup.main+0x579): undefined reference to `cv::cuda::SURF_CUDA::operator()(cv::cuda::GpuMat const&, cv::cuda::GpuMat const&, cv::cuda::GpuMat&, cv::cuda::GpuMat&, bool)'
surf_keypoint_matcher.cpp:(.text.startup.main+0x60d): undefined reference to `cv::cuda::SURF_CUDA::operator()(cv::cuda::GpuMat const&, cv::cuda::GpuMat const&, cv::cuda::GpuMat&, cv::cuda::GpuMat&, bool)'
surf_keypoint_matcher.cpp:(.text.startup.main+0x6af): undefined reference to `cv::cuda::SURF_CUDA::defaultNorm() const'
surf_keypoint_matcher.cpp:(.text.startup.main+0x7ca): undefined reference to `cv::cuda::SURF_CUDA::downloadKeypoints(cv::cuda::GpuMat const&, std::vector<cv::KeyPoint, std::allocator<cv::KeyPoint> >&)'
surf_keypoint_matcher.cpp:(.text.startup.main+0x7ea): undefined reference to `cv::cuda::SURF_CUDA::downloadKeypoints(cv::cuda::GpuMat const&, std::vector<cv::KeyPoint, std::allocator<cv::KeyPoint> >&)'
surf_keypoint_matcher.cpp:(.text.startup.main+0x800): undefined reference to `cv::cuda::SURF_CUDA::downloadDescriptors(cv::cuda::GpuMat const&, std::vector<float, std::allocator<float> >&)'
surf_keypoint_matcher.cpp:(.text.startup.main+0x812): undefined reference to `cv::cuda::SURF_CUDA::downloadDescriptors(cv::cuda::GpuMat const&, std::vector<float, std::allocator<float> >&)'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
samples/gpu/CMakeFiles/example_gpu_surf_keypoint_matcher.dir/build.make:124: recipe for target 'bin/example_gpu_surf_keypoint_matcher' failed
make[2]: *** [bin/example_gpu_surf_keypoint_matcher] Error 1
CMakeFiles/Makefile2:23667: recipe for target 'samples/gpu/CMakeFiles/example_gpu_surf_keypoint_matcher.dir/all' failed
make[1]: *** [samples/gpu/CMakeFiles/example_gpu_surf_keypoint_matcher.dir/all] Error 2

解決方案:

打開文件:

vim opencv-4.2.0/build/samples/gpu/CMakeFiles/example_gpu_surf_keypoint_matcher.dir/link.txt

在文件中--字符串:

CMakeFiles/example_gpu_surf_keypoint_matcher.dir/surf_keypoint_matcher.cpp.o

后面,加上一句:

/home/***/opencv-4.2.0/build/modules/xfeatures2d/CMakeFiles/opencv_xfeatures2d.dir/src/surf.cuda.cpp.o

注意:找到你本機下的文件路徑;

服了啊,為什么第一次弄的時候沒有出這么多問題,

感謝各位無私奉獻的老鐵;當然如果網絡給力,上面提供的鏈接不一定用的上;

Step 3: 使用cmake構建庫

執行：

cd /home/username/opencv4.2/opencv-4.2.0
mkdir build
cd build

執行：

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
      -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
      -D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=ON \
      -D CUDA_ARCH_BIN='7.5' \
      -D WITH_CUDA=ON \
      -D WITH_TBB=ON \
      -D WITH_V4L=ON \
      -D WITH_QT=ON \
      -D WITH_OPENGL=ON \
      -D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=/home/username/opencv4.2/opencv_contrib-4.2.0/modules \
      -D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON \
      -D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=YES ..

上述步驟需要修改的地方有兩處：

CUDA_ARCH_BIN='7.5'

由於OpenCV 4.2支持使用CUDA對DNN模塊進行加速計算，所以這里配置CUDA；在此之前需要自行配置好NVIDIA顯卡的驅動與CUDA；

其中7.5指的是顯卡的計算能力，我的是GTX 1660Ti，對應的計算力為7.5;

這里提供一個鏈接，可以參考：NVIDA CUDA顯卡計算能力對應表

第二處需要修改的地方是：

OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=/home/username/opencv4.2/opencv_contrib-4.2.0/modules

這里修改成你本機的opencv_contrib-4.2.0/modules的位置

Step 4: 使用make構建庫

查看CPU核心數：

nproc

如，我的CPU核心數為12，執行

cd /home/username/opencv4.2/build
make -j12

等待一段時候，出現Configuration Done即可，

執行：

sudo make install

再次等待一段時候后，執行:

sudo sh -c 'echo "/usr/local/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf'
sudo ldconfig

Step 5: 修改opencv4.pc文件

如果上述配置成功，則會在/usr/local/lib/文件夾中出現一個pkgconfig文件夾，里面有一個opencv.pc文件，內容大致如下：

# Package Information for pkg-config

prefix=/usr/local
exec_prefix=${prefix}
libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib
includedir_old=${prefix}/include/opencv4/opencv2
includedir_new=${prefix}/include/opencv4

Name: OpenCV
Description: Open Source Computer Vision Library
Version: 4.2.0
Libs: -L${exec_prefix}/lib -lopencv_gapi -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_aruco -lopencv_bgsegm -lopencv_bioinspired -lopencv_ccalib -lopencv_cudabgsegm -lopencv_cudafeatures2d -lopencv_cudaobjdetect -lopencv_cudastereo -lopencv_cvv -lopencv_dnn_objdetect -lopencv_dnn_superres -lopencv_dpm -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_face -lopencv_freetype -lopencv_fuzzy -lopencv_hdf -lopencv_hfs -lopencv_img_hash -lopencv_line_descriptor -lopencv_quality -lopencv_reg -lopencv_rgbd -lopencv_saliency -lopencv_sfm -lopencv_stereo -lopencv_structured_light -lopencv_phase_unwrapping -lopencv_superres -lopencv_cudacodec -lopencv_surface_matching -lopencv_tracking -lopencv_datasets -lopencv_text -lopencv_dnn -lopencv_plot -lopencv_videostab -lopencv_cudaoptflow -lopencv_optflow -lopencv_cudalegacy -lopencv_videoio -lopencv_cudawarping -lopencv_xfeatures2d -lopencv_shape -lopencv_ml -lopencv_ximgproc -lopencv_video -lopencv_xobjdetect -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_imgcodecs -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_flann -lopencv_xphoto -lopencv_photo -lopencv_cudaimgproc -lopencv_cudafilters -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_cudaarithm -lopencv_core -lopencv_cudev
Libs.private: -lm -lpthread -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -lGL -lGLU -lcudart_static -ldl -lrt -lnppc -lnppial -lnppicc -lnppicom -lnppidei -lnppif -lnppig -lnppim -lnppist -lnppisu -lnppitc -lnpps -lcublas -lcudnn -lcufft -L-L/usr/local/cuda -llib64 -L-L/usr/lib -lx86_64-linux-gnu
Cflags: -I${includedir_old} -I${includedir_new}

注意：需要將第6行修改為：

includedir_old=${prefix}/include/opencv4/opencv2

如果沒有自動生成，可以試着新建一個文件，將上述的內容復制進去，繼續下一步；

Step 6: 在.bashrc文件中添加PKG_CONFIG_PATH

執行:

sudo gedit ~/.bashrc

在文件最后添加:

PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH

退出后，執行

source ~/.bashrc

# 判斷路徑時候添加成功，返回:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig即可
echo $PKG_CONFIG_PATH

Step 7: 使用C++代碼進行驗證

在任意目錄下創建test.cpp文件，加入下面內容：

#include "opencv.hpp"
 
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
 
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
  cout << "OpenCV version : " << CV_VERSION << endl;
  cout << "Major version : " << CV_MAJOR_VERSION << endl;
  cout << "Minor version : " << CV_MINOR_VERSION << endl;
  cout << "Subminor version : " << CV_SUBMINOR_VERSION << endl;
}

使用命令行在其文件夾下執行：

# 編譯test.cpp程序，並生成可執行文件
g++ -std=c++11 test.cpp `pkg-config --libs --cflags opencv4` -o result

# 執行可執行文件
./result

輸出以下內容，即表明配置成功

OpenCV version : 4.2.0
Major version : 4
Minor version : 2
Subminor version : 0