python通過http(multipart/form-data)上傳文件的方法

本文轉載自查看原文 2019-12-25 22:53 12527 python

之前寫過一篇博客，說的如何python如何通過http下載文件，今天寫一篇博客來介紹如下，python如何通過request庫實現上傳文件

這里主要是解決multipart/form-data這種格式的文件上傳，基本現在http協議上傳文件基本上都是通過這種格式上傳

一、思路

一般情況下，如果我們往一個地址上傳文件，則必須要登陸，登陸成功后，拿到cookies，然后在上傳文件的請求攜帶這個cookies。

然后我們就需要通過瀏覽器在網站上傳文件，記得，這個時候抓包要使用fiddler工具，會更加保險，然后按照fiddler抓到包組裝我們的上傳文件的post請求

大家把握一個原則就是：在post請求中，用files參數來接受文件對象相關的參數，通過data/json參數接受post請求體的其他參數即可。

二、實現

1、使用requests.session()對象登陸網站，這里主要為了方便，下次直接用這個對象發送post上傳文件的請求即可，不需要我們在請求體中添加cookies

import requests

s = requests.session()
res1 = s.post(
    url="http://10.222.222.7/src/welcome.php",
    headers = {
        "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3",
        "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
        "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
        "Cache-Control": "max-age=0",
        "Connection": "keep-alive",
        "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
        "Host": "10.222.222.7",
        "Origin": "http://10.222.222.7",
        "Referer": "http://10.222.222.7/src/welcome.php",
        "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1",
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.87 Safari/537.36"
    },
    data = {
        "name": "admin",
        "password": "admin",
        "button": "登錄",
        "opr": "login",
    },
    # 這里配置了代理，因為我的操作安裝了fiddler，這個你們沒有說一定要弄
    proxies={
        "http": "http://127.0.0.1:8888",
        "https": "http://127.0.0.1:8888"
    }
)

2、手動上傳，通過fiddler抓包，分析http請求的參數

上面是http請求的raw格式，我們一般會看webForms格式的http請求

3、分析完成后，我們可以看下代碼

import json
file = {
    "sample_file": open("D:\\abdi\\37571.pcap", "rb"),
    "Content-Type": "application/octet-stream",
    "Content-Disposition": "form-data",
    "filename" : "3757.pcap"
}
# #


res = s.post(
    url="http://10.222.222.7/src/system_sample.php/system_sample/add",
    headers = {
        "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3",
        "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
        "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
        "Cache-Control": "max-age=0",
        "Connection": "keep-alive",
        # "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data",
        "Host": "10.222.222.7",
        "Origin": "http://10.222.222.7",
        "Referer": "http://10.222.222.7/src/html.php/html/system_samples",
        "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1",
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.87 Safari/537.36"
    },

    files = file,
    data = {
        "sample_name" : "37571.pcap",
        "owner_group" : "/data/atp/pcap/custom/test",
        "type" : "1",
        "sample_file_path" : "",
        "description_file_path" : "",
        # "description_file":""
    },
    proxies = {
        "http":"http://127.0.0.1:8888",
        "https":"http://127.0.0.1:8888"
    }

)

這里有三個關鍵的地方

a、data參數，注意看k值和抓包中的對比