使用rpm安裝方式安裝完MySQL數據庫后，數據文件的默認路徑為/var/lib/mysql，然而根目錄並不適合用於存儲數據文件。
原路徑：/var/lib/mysql
目標路徑：/home/mysql_data/mysql
Linux系統版本：centos7.6
MySQL數據庫版本：5.7.25
步驟：
1、創建目標路徑
mkdir -p /home/mysql_data
2、關閉MySQL
systemctl stop mysqld
3、復制數據文件
cp -arp /var/lib/mysql /home/mysql_data
4、修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf
將datadir和socket中的原路徑修改為目標路徑
datadir=/home/mysql_data/mysql
socket=/home/mysql_data/mysql/mysql.sock
5、啟動MySQL服務
systemctl start mysqld
NOTE:
1、報錯如下：
2019-12-22T08:32:42.430564Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: Operating system error number 13 in a file operation.
2019-12-22T08:32:42.430599Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: The error means mysqld does not have the access rights to the directory.
2019-12-22T08:32:42.430616Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Creating shared tablespace for temporary tables
2019-12-22T08:32:42.430898Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: The innodb_temporary data file 'ibtmp1' must be writable
2019-12-22T08:32:42.430923Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: The innodb_temporary data file 'ibtmp1' must be writable
2019-12-22T08:32:42.430936Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: Could not create the shared innodb_temporary.
2019-12-22T08:32:42.430952Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: Plugin initialization aborted with error Generic error
2019-12-22T08:32:43.038973Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: Operating system error number 13 in a file operation.
2019-12-22T08:32:43.039021Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: The error means mysqld does not have the access rights to the directory.
2019-12-22T08:32:43.039037Z 0 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error.
2019-12-22T08:32:43.039046Z 0 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed.
2019-12-22T08:32:43.039056Z 0 [ERROR] Failed to initialize builtin plugins.
2019-12-22T08:32:43.039063Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting
解決：
執行命令：
setenforce 1
再重新啟動
2、報錯如下：
Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'
解決：
修改配置文件my.cnf,添加或修改如下配置：
[client]
socket = /home/mysql_data/mysql/mysql.sock