linux 6 安裝python3.7后，使用pip命令出現問題，提示找不到ssl模塊，出現錯誤如下
# pip list
Package Version
---------- -------
pip 10.0.1
setuptools 39.0.1
pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping
pip版本
# pip --version pip 10.0.1 from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)
# pip list Package Version ---------- ------- pip 10.0.1 setuptools 39.0.1 pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available. Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping
經百度查詢，系統centos6.5后，其中openssl的版本為
# openssl version OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013
而python3.7需要的openssl的版本為1.0.2或者1.1.x,需要對openssl進行升級，並重新編譯python3.7.0。yum 安裝的openssl 版本都比較低。
升級openssl
下載編譯安裝
# wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1a.tar.gz ... # tar -zxvf openssl-1.1.1a.tar.gz ... # cd openssl-1.1.1a # ./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl no-zlib Operating system: x86_64-whatever-linux2 Configuring OpenSSL version 1.1.1a (0x1010101fL) for linux-x86_64 Using os-specific seed configuration Creating configdata.pm Creating Makefile ********************************************************************** *** *** *** OpenSSL has been successfully configured *** *** *** *** If you encounter a problem while building, please open an *** *** issue on GitHub <https://github.com/openssl/openssl/issues> *** *** and include the output from the following command: *** *** *** *** perl configdata.pm --dump *** *** *** *** (If you are new to OpenSSL, you might want to consult the *** *** 'Troubleshooting' section in the INSTALL file first) *** *** *** ********************************************************************** [root@centos6 openssl-1.1.1a]# echo $? 0 # make && make install
備份原配置文件
# mv /usr/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl.bak
# mv /usr/include/openssl/ /usr/include/openssl.bak
新版設置
# ln -s /usr/local/openssl/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl # ln -s /usr/local/openssl/lib/libssl.so.1.1 /usr/local/lib64/libssl.so # ln -s /usr/local/openssl/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl
修改系統配置，寫入openssl庫文件的搜索路徑
# echo '/usr/local/openssl/lib' >> /etc/ld.so.conf
使修改后的/etc/ld.so.conf生效
# ldconfig -v
查看版本
# openssl version OpenSSL 1.1.1a 20 Nov 2018
需要重新編譯安裝python
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl
...
# make && make install
再次使用pip
# pip list Package Version ---------- ------- pip 10.0.1 setuptools 39.0.1 You are using pip version 10.0.1, however version 19.3.1 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
升級pip
# pip install --upgrade pip Collecting pip Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/00/b6/9cfa56b4081ad13874b0c6f96af8ce16cfbc1cb06bedf8e9164ce5551ec1/pip-19.3.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4MB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.4MB 13kB/s Installing collected packages: pip Found existing installation: pip 10.0.1 Uninstalling pip-10.0.1: Successfully uninstalled pip-10.0.1 Successfully installed pip-19.3.1
嘗試pip安裝
# pip install matplotlib WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)")': /simple/matplotlib/ Collecting matplotlib Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/61/42/3e92d7aa64295483fbca20a86c89b34d0cb43cffaadaffe028793902d790/matplotlib-3.1.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (13.1MB) | | 30kB 4.9kB/s eta 0:44:56ERROR: Exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 425, in _error_catcher
可以下載安裝，只是我的網絡不行，下載不了。。