[Cake] 3. dotnet 本地工具 cake & dotnet format

在上一篇[Cake] 2. dotnet 全局工具 cake中介紹了通過.Net Core 2.1 的全局工具dotnet tool命令來簡化cake的安裝和使用。因為是全局安裝，則無法適應每個項目對特定版本的要求。隨着.Net Core 3.0中增加的對本地工具（項目級別）的支持，使得這一問題得以解決。

1. cake的安裝和還原

# 創建一個本地的工具清單文件
dotnet new tool-manifest

# 安裝本地工具 
dotnet tool install cake.tool --version 0.35.0

dotnet new tool-manifest命令會在當前目錄下創建一個.config/dotnet-tools.json的文件。當我們執行dotnet tool install cake.tool時，就會把cake.tool的相關信息寫入到這個文件。

{
  "version": 1,
  "isRoot": true,
  "tools": {
    "cake.tool": {
      "version": "0.35.0",
      "commands": [
        "dotnet-cake"
      ]
    },
    "dotnet-format": {
      "version": "3.1.37601",
      "commands": [
        "dotnet-format"
      ]
    }
  }
}

之后就可以執行dotnet cake(或者dotnet tool run dotnet-cake)命令了。

$ dotnet cake --help

Usage: Cake.exe [script] [--target=value] [--verbosity=value]
                [--showdescription] [--dryrun] [..]

Example: Cake.exe
Example: Cake.exe build.cake --verbosity=quiet
Example: Cake.exe build.cake --showdescription

Options:
    --target <TARGET>    Target task to invoke. Script must support this explicitly.
    --verbosity=value    Specifies the amount of information to be displayed.
                         (Quiet, Minimal, Normal, Verbose, Diagnostic)
    --debug              Performs a debug.
    --showdescription    Shows description about tasks.
    --showtree           Shows the task dependency tree.
    --dryrun             Performs a dry run.
    --exclusive          Execute a single task without any dependencies.
    --bootstrap          Download/install modules defined by #module directives
    --version            Displays version information.
    --info               Displays additional information about Cake execution.
    --help               Displays usage information.

當我們在CI/CD或者另外一個環境上時，只需要執行

dotnet tool restore

就可以把.config/dotnet-tools.json文件中配置的相關工具安裝在本地了。

2. dotnet format 格式化

介紹一下另外一個非常有用的工具dotnet-format。看下官方介紹：

dotnet-format is a code formatter for dotnet that applies style preferences to a project or solution. Preferences will be read from an .editorconfig file, if present, otherwise a default set of preferences will be used. At this time dotnet-format is able to format C# and Visual Basic projects with a subset of supported .editorconfig options.

它會使用.editorconfig中的格式化配置，來統一項目的文件編碼和格式。 安裝方式同上面的cake一樣。

# 安裝
dotnet tool install dotnet-format

# 檢查並保存
dotnet format

# 只檢查不保存，檢查失敗則返回非0的exit code
dotnet format --check --dry-run

結合CI使用非常方便，當你push的代碼不符合格式要求時就直接失敗了（一個失敗的示例：https://github.com/linianhui/cake.example/commit/471f58754c390cb9946a5282c6d73275b90549d9/checks?check_suite_id=361927437）。

示例，它會提示出那些地方不符合.editorconfig的要求：

$ dotnet format --check --dry-run
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Cat.cs(17,2): Add final newline.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Dog.cs(17,2): Add final newline.
  1-src/Cake.Example/IAnimal.cs(14,2): Add final newline.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/CatTest.cs(18,2): Add final newline.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/DotTest.cs(18,2): Add final newline.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Cat.cs(1,31): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Cat.cs(2,2): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Cat.cs(3,18): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Cat.cs(4,12): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Cat.cs(5,19): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Cat.cs(6,38): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Cat.cs(7,6): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Cat.cs(8,22): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Cat.cs(9,15): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Cat.cs(10,23): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Cat.cs(11,32): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Cat.cs(12,29): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Cat.cs(13,10): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Cat.cs(14,25): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Cat.cs(15,10): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Cat.cs(16,6): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Dog.cs(1,31): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Dog.cs(2,2): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Dog.cs(3,18): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Dog.cs(4,11): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Dog.cs(5,19): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Dog.cs(6,38): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Dog.cs(7,6): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Dog.cs(8,22): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Dog.cs(9,15): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Dog.cs(10,23): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Dog.cs(11,32): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Dog.cs(12,29): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Dog.cs(13,10): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Dog.cs(14,25): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Dog.cs(15,10): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/Animals/Dog.cs(16,6): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/IAnimal.cs(1,23): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/IAnimal.cs(2,2): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/IAnimal.cs(3,18): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/IAnimal.cs(4,13): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/IAnimal.cs(5,19): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/IAnimal.cs(6,29): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/IAnimal.cs(7,6): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/IAnimal.cs(8,22): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/IAnimal.cs(9,16): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/IAnimal.cs(10,23): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/IAnimal.cs(11,32): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/IAnimal.cs(12,23): Fix end of line marker.
  1-src/Cake.Example/IAnimal.cs(13,6): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/CatTest.cs(1,28): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/CatTest.cs(2,13): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/CatTest.cs(2,13): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/CatTest.cs(4,42): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/CatTest.cs(5,2): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/CatTest.cs(6,32): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/CatTest.cs(7,6): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/CatTest.cs(8,15): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/CatTest.cs(9,39): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/CatTest.cs(10,10): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/CatTest.cs(11,40): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/CatTest.cs(11,40): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/CatTest.cs(13,40): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/CatTest.cs(13,40): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/CatTest.cs(15,40): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/CatTest.cs(16,10): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/CatTest.cs(17,6): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/DotTest.cs(1,28): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/DotTest.cs(2,13): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/DotTest.cs(2,13): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/DotTest.cs(4,42): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/DotTest.cs(5,2): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/DotTest.cs(6,32): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/DotTest.cs(7,6): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/DotTest.cs(8,15): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/DotTest.cs(9,39): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/DotTest.cs(10,10): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/DotTest.cs(11,40): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/DotTest.cs(11,40): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/DotTest.cs(13,40): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/DotTest.cs(13,40): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/DotTest.cs(15,40): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/DotTest.cs(16,10): Fix end of line marker.
  2-test/Cake.Example.Tests/AnimalsTests/DotTest.cs(17,6): Fix end of line marker.
  Formatted code file 'Cat.cs'.
  Formatted code file 'Dog.cs'.
  Formatted code file 'IAnimal.cs'.
  Formatted code file 'CatTest.cs'.
  Formatted code file 'DotTest.cs'.
  Format complete in 3529ms.

dotnet-foramt支持的.editorconfig信息比較豐富，具體的參考 https://github.com/dotnet/format/wiki/Supported-.editorconfig-options 的說明，這里也貼一個我在使用的.editorconfig：
https://github.com/linianhui/code.guide/blob/master/csharp/.editorconfig

3. 參考

源碼： https://github.com/linianhui/cake.example

我的.editorconfig : https://github.com/linianhui/code.guide/blob/master/csharp/.editorconfig

https://editorconfig.org/

https://github.com/dotnet/format/wiki/Supported-.editorconfig-options

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/whats-new/dotnet-core-3-0#local-tools

https://github.com/dotnet/format