Linux操作系統的壓縮、解壓縮工具介紹

　　　　　　　　　　Linux操作系統的壓縮、解壓縮工具介紹

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　作者：尹正傑

版權聲明：原創作品，謝絕轉載！否則將追究法律責任。

 

 

一.compress/uncompress命令常用參數

Linux compress命令:
    是一個相當古老的 unix 檔案壓縮指令，壓縮后的檔案會加上一個 .Z 延伸檔名以區別未壓縮的檔案，壓縮后的檔案可以以 uncompress 解壓。若要將數個檔案壓成一個壓縮檔，必須先將檔案 tar 起來再壓縮。由於 gzip 可以產生更理想的壓縮比例，一般人多已改用 gzip 為檔案壓縮工具。

compress [-dfvcVr] [-b maxbits] [file ...] 
    -d: 
        解壓縮，相當於uncompress
    -c: 
       結果輸出至標准輸出,不刪除原文件 
　　-v: 
　　　　顯示詳情

uncompress 
    解壓縮 

zcat file.Z >file 

1>.安裝commpress/uncompress軟件包

[[e-mail] ~]# yum -y install ncompress.x86_64 
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ncompress.x86_64 0:4.2.4.4-3.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================================================================================================
 Package                         Arch                         Version                             Repository                  Size
===================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 ncompress                       x86_64                       4.2.4.4-3.el7                       base                        26 k

Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 26 k
Installed size: 35 k
Downloading packages:
ncompress-4.2.4.4-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                          |  26 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : ncompress-4.2.4.4-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                  1/1 
  Verifying  : ncompress-4.2.4.4-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                  1/1 

Installed:
  ncompress.x86_64 0:4.2.4.4-3.el7                                                                                                 

Complete!
[[e-mail] ~]# 

2>.壓縮文件

[[e-mail] ~]# ll /var/log/messages -h                                           
-rw------- 1 root root 89K Dec 13 17:20 /var/log/messages
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# for _ in `seq 1000`;do cat /var/log/messages >> /root/message;done　　　　　　　　#創建測試壓縮的文件
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 87M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 87M Dec 13 17:45 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# compress message 　　　　　　　　#compress命令壓縮文件后會將源文件刪除，並在源文件名稱后綴中多了一個".Z"
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 18M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18M Dec 13 17:45 message.Z　　　　　　　　　　　　#文件的確是變小啦。
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# 

3>.解壓文件 

[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 18M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18M Dec 13 17:45 message.Z
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# uncompress message.Z 
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 87M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 87M Dec 13 17:45 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# 

4>."-c"參數使用案例 

[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 87M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 87M Dec 13 17:45 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# compress -c message  > message.Z　　　　　　　　#不建議將壓縮結果直接輸出到標准輸出，因為打印在標准輸出咱們人為是讀不懂的，因此可以考慮重定向，這樣即壓縮來源文件，也達到來不刪除源文件的好處。
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 104M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 87M Dec 13 17:45 message
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18M Dec 13 18:07 message.Z
[[e-mail] ~]# 

5>.zcat使用案例 

[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 106344
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 90740000 Dec 13 17:45 message
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18150727 Dec 13 18:07 message.Z
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# zcat message.Z 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　#預覽壓縮內容但並不解壓
......
Dec 13 15:01:01 node101 systemd: Started Session 55 of user root.
Dec 13 15:01:01 node101 systemd: Removed slice User Slice of root.
Dec 13 15:41:07 node101 systemd: Starting Cleanup of Temporary Directories...
Dec 13 15:41:07 node101 systemd: Started Cleanup of Temporary Directories.
Dec 13 16:01:01 node101 systemd: Created slice User Slice of root.
Dec 13 16:01:01 node101 systemd: Started Session 56 of user root.
Dec 13 16:01:01 node101 systemd: Removed slice User Slice of root.
Dec 13 16:39:05 node101 sshd[333]: Accepted password for root from 172.30.1.2 port 50754 ssh2
Dec 13 16:39:05 node101 systemd: Created slice User Slice of root.
Dec 13 16:39:05 node101 systemd-logind: New session 57 of user root.
Dec 13 16:39:05 node101 systemd: Started Session 57 of user root.
Dec 13 16:42:32 node101 chronyd[3582]: Source 116.203.151.74 replaced with 119.28.183.184
Dec 13 16:45:45 node101 chronyd[3582]: Selected source 119.28.183.184
Dec 13 16:45:45 node101 chronyd[3582]: System clock wrong by 165882.562596 seconds, adjustment started
Dec 13 17:01:01 node101 systemd: Started Session 58 of user root.
Dec 13 17:19:27 node101 chronyd[3582]: Source 144.76.76.107 replaced with 193.182.111.141
Dec 13 17:20:27 node101 sshd[2691]: Accepted password for root from 172.30.1.2 port 51751 ssh2
Dec 13 17:20:27 node101 systemd-logind: New session 59 of user root.
Dec 13 17:20:27 node101 systemd: Started Session 59 of user root.
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 106344
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 90740000 Dec 13 17:45 message
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18150727 Dec 13 18:07 message.Z
[[e-mail] ~]# 

6>.compress也支持交互式壓縮 

[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 106344
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 90740000 Dec 13 17:45 message
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18150727 Dec 13 18:07 message.Z
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# compress > test.Z　　　　　　　　　　#按住"ctrl+d"就會結束命令行輸出
88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 106348
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 90740000 Dec 13 17:45 message
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18150727 Dec 13 18:07 message.Z
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root       32 Dec 13 18:13 test.Z
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# zcat test.Z | wc -c　　　　　　　　　　#重復的次數越多，壓縮比例就越高
320
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 106348
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 90740000 Dec 13 17:45 message
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18150727 Dec 13 18:07 message.Z
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root       32 Dec 13 18:13 test.Z
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# 

7>."-d"參數介紹 

[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 106348
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 90740000 Dec 13 17:45 message
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18150727 Dec 13 18:07 message.Z
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root       32 Dec 13 18:13 test.Z
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# compress -d test.Z 　　　　　　　　#解壓"test.Z"文件
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 106348
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 90740000 Dec 13 17:45 message
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18150727 Dec 13 18:07 message.Z
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root      320 Dec 13 18:13 test
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]#

8>.compress命令支持將命令標准輸出進行壓縮 

[[e-mail] ~]# dmesg | compress > dmesg.Z
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 21010 Dec 13 18:22 dmesg.Z
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# uncompress dmesg.Z 
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 48
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 46804 Dec 13 18:22 dmesg
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# 

9>.更多compress壓縮命令幫助信息

[[e-mail] ~]# compress --help
Unknown flag: '-'; Usage: compress [-dfvcVr] [-b maxbits] [file ...]
       -d   If given, decompression is done instead.
       -c   Write output on stdout, don't remove original.
       -b   Parameter limits the max number of bits/code.
       -f   Forces output file to be generated, even if one already.
            exists, and even if no space is saved by compressing.
            If -f is not used, the user will be prompted if stdin is.
            a tty, otherwise, the output file will not be overwritten.
       -v   Write compression statistics.
       -V   Output vesion and compile options.
       -r   Recursive. If a filename is a directory, descend
            into it and compress everything in it.
[[e-mail] ~]# 

[[e-mail] ~]# man compress 

 

二.gzip/gunzip(gzip完勝compress)

gzip [OPTION]... FILE ... 
　　-d:
　　　　解壓縮，相當於gunzip 
　　-c:
　　　　結果輸出至標准輸出，保留原文件不改變 
　　-num:
　　　　這個"num"對應的數字范圍是:1-9，指定壓縮比，值越大壓縮比越大,默認壓縮比例是6，可參考下面的實驗結果。

zcat:
　　不顯式解壓縮的前提下查看文本文件內容

1>.壓縮同樣文件對比compress和gzip的壓縮比例

[[e-mail] ~]# for _ in `seq 10000`;do cat /var/log/messages >> /root/message;done
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 877M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 877M Dec 14 01:57 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f1.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f2.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 2.6G
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 877M Dec 14 01:59 f1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 877M Dec 14 01:59 f2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 877M Dec 14 01:57 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# compress f1.txt 
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# gzip f2.txt 
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 1.2G
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 171M Dec 14 01:59 f1.txt.Z
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 164M Dec 14 01:59 f2.txt.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 877M Dec 14 01:57 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# 

2>.解壓文件

[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 1.2G
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 171M Dec 14 01:59 f1.txt.Z
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 164M Dec 14 01:59 f2.txt.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 877M Dec 14 01:57 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# gunzip f2.txt.gz 
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 1.9G
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 171M Dec 14 01:59 f1.txt.Z
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 877M Dec 14 01:59 f2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 877M Dec 14 01:57 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# 

3>.指定壓縮級別(默認壓縮級別在6左右) 

[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 768M
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:18 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f1.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f2.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f3.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f4.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f5.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f6.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f7.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f8.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f9.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f10.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 8.3G
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:21 f10.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:19 f1.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:19 f2.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:19 f3.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:19 f4.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:20 f5.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:20 f6.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:20 f7.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:20 f8.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:21 f9.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:18 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# gzip -1 f1.txt 
[[e-mail] ~]# gzip -2 f2.txt  
[[e-mail] ~]# gzip -3 f3.txt   
[[e-mail] ~]# gzip -4 f4.txt   
[[e-mail] ~]# gzip -5 f5.txt   
[[e-mail] ~]# gzip -6 f6.txt   
[[e-mail] ~]# gzip -7 f7.txt   
[[e-mail] ~]# gzip -8 f8.txt   
[[e-mail] ~]# gzip -9 f9.txt 
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# gzip f10.txt 
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 2.3G
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 149M Dec 16 18:21 f10.txt.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 173M Dec 16 18:19 f1.txt.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 168M Dec 16 18:19 f2.txt.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 166M Dec 16 18:19 f3.txt.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 154M Dec 16 18:19 f4.txt.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 151M Dec 16 18:20 f5.txt.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 149M Dec 16 18:20 f6.txt.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 148M Dec 16 18:20 f7.txt.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 146M Dec 16 18:20 f8.txt.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 146M Dec 16 18:21 f9.txt.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:18 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# 

4>."-c"選項使用案例

[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 768M
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:18 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# gzip -c message > message.gz       　　　　#結果輸出至標准輸出，保留原文件不改變
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 917M
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:18 message
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 149M Dec 16 18:45 message.gz
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# 

5>.查看gzip的幫助信息

[[e-mail] ~]# gzip --help
Usage: gzip [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Compress or uncompress FILEs (by default, compress FILES in-place).

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

  -c, --stdout      write on standard output, keep original files unchanged
  -d, --decompress  decompress
  -f, --force       force overwrite of output file and compress links
  -h, --help        give this help
  -l, --list        list compressed file contents
  -L, --license     display software license
  -n, --no-name     do not save or restore the original name and time stamp
  -N, --name        save or restore the original name and time stamp
  -q, --quiet       suppress all warnings
  -r, --recursive   operate recursively on directories
  -S, --suffix=SUF  use suffix SUF on compressed files
  -t, --test        test compressed file integrity
  -v, --verbose     verbose mode
  -V, --version     display version number
  -1, --fast        compress faster
  -9, --best        compress better
    --rsyncable   Make rsync-friendly archive

With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

Report bugs to <[e-mail]>.
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# 

[[e-mail] ~]# man gzip

 

三.bzip2/bunzip2/bzcat(功能要比gzip壓縮還要強，比如httpd官方網站的很多壓縮包都是基於bzip2壓縮方式的,缺點就是壓縮時間較長) 

bzip2 [OPTION]... FILE ... 
　　-k:keep, 
　　　　保留原文件
　　-d:
　　　　解壓縮
　　-#:1-9，
　　　　壓縮比，默認為9

bzcat:
　　不顯式解壓縮的前提下查看文本文件內容

1>.安裝bzip2軟件包

[[e-mail] ~]# yum -y install bzip2
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
 * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
base                                                                                                        | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                                      | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                                     | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
(1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz                                                                               | 165 kB  00:00:00     
(2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                           | 153 kB  00:00:00     
(3/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                             | 6.0 MB  00:00:00     
(4/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                          | 5.8 MB  00:00:11     
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bzip2.x86_64 0:1.0.6-13.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================================================================================================
 Package                      Arch                          Version                              Repository                   Size
===================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 bzip2                        x86_64                        1.0.6-13.el7                         base                         52 k

Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 52 k
Installed size: 82 k
Downloading packages:
bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                               |  52 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64                                                                                       1/1 
  Verifying  : bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64                                                                                       1/1 

Installed:
  bzip2.x86_64 0:1.0.6-13.el7                                                                                                      

Complete!
[[e-mail] ~]# 

2>.bzip2對比gzip最好壓縮比例

[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 786088
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 804950000 Dec 16 18:18 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f1.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f2.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 2.3G
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:49 f1.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:49 f2.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:18 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# gzip -9 f1.txt 
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# bzip2 f2.txt 
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h          
total 937M
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 146M Dec 16 18:49 f1.txt.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  23M Dec 16 18:49 f2.txt.bz2
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:18 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# 

3>."-k"參數使用案例

[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 768M
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:18 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# bzip2 -k message 　　　　　　　　#壓縮時並不會刪除源文件
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 791M
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:18 message
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  23M Dec 16 18:18 message.bz2
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# 

4>."-d"參數介紹

[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 23256
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 23810529 Dec 16 18:18 message.bz2
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# bzip2 -d message.bz2 
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 768M
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:18 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 786088
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 804950000 Dec 16 18:18 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 

5>.bzcat命令可以查看bzip2壓縮后的文件

[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 809344
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 804950000 Dec 16 18:18 message
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  23810529 Dec 16 18:18 message.bz2
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# bzcat message.bz2 　　　　　　#在不解壓縮的前提下查看文件內容
Dec 16 18:03:45 node101 kernel: pci 0000:00:01.0: PCI bridge to [bus 01]
Dec 16 18:03:45 node101 kernel: pci 0000:00:01.0:   bridge window [io  0x6000-0x7fff]
Dec 16 18:03:45 node101 kernel: pci 0000:00:01.0:   bridge window [mem 0xe2000000-0xedffffff]
Dec 16 18:03:45 node101 kernel: pci 0000:00:01.0:   bridge window [mem 0xb0000000-0xdfffffff 64bit pref]
Dec 16 18:03:45 node101 kernel: pci 0000:00:0a.0: PCI bridge to [bus 02]
.......

6>.查看幫助信息

[[e-mail] ~]# bzip2 --help
bzip2, a block-sorting file compressor.  Version 1.0.6, 6-Sept-2010.

   usage: bzip2 [flags and input files in any order]

   -h --help           print this message
   -d --decompress     force decompression
   -z --compress       force compression
   -k --keep           keep (don't delete) input files
   -f --force          overwrite existing output files
   -t --test           test compressed file integrity
   -c --stdout         output to standard out
   -q --quiet          suppress noncritical error messages
   -v --verbose        be verbose (a 2nd -v gives more)
   -L --license        display software version & license
   -V --version        display software version & license
   -s --small          use less memory (at most 2500k)
   -1 .. -9            set block size to 100k .. 900k
   --fast              alias for -1
   --best              alias for -9

   If invoked as `bzip2', default action is to compress.
              as `bunzip2',  default action is to decompress.
              as `bzcat', default action is to decompress to stdout.

   If no file names are given, bzip2 compresses or decompresses
   from standard input to standard output.  You can combine
   short flags, so `-v -4' means the same as -v4 or -4v, &c.

[[e-mail] ~]# 

[[e-mail] ~]# man bzip2 

 

四.xz/unxz/xzcat(壓縮比上面幾種壓縮比例都強,linux 內核軟件包官方使用的就是這種壓縮方式)

xz [OPTION]... FILE ... 
　　-k: keep
　　　　保留原文件
　　-d:
　　　　解壓縮
　　-num:
　　　　1-9，壓縮比，默認為6 

unxz file.xz 解壓縮

xzcat: 
　　不顯式解壓縮的前提下查看文本文件內容

1>."-k"參數使用案例

[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 768M
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:18 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 786088
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 804950000 Dec 16 18:18 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# xz -k message 　　　　　　　　#壓縮時可以保存源文件
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 786220
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 804950000 Dec 16 18:18 message
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    131092 Dec 16 18:18 message.xz
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 768M
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:18 message
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 129K Dec 16 18:18 message.xz
[[e-mail] ~]# 

2>."-d"參數使用案例

[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 786220
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 804950000 Dec 16 18:18 message.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    131092 Dec 16 18:18 message.xz
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# xz -d message.xz 　　　　　　　　　　　　#解壓文件
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 1572176
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 804950000 Dec 16 18:18 message
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 804950000 Dec 16 18:18 message.log
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# 

3>.壓縮比例對比(隨着壓縮的比例越大，耗費的時間就越長,默認為6)

[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 768M
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:18 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f1.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f2.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f3.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f4.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f5.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f6.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f7.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f8.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f9.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# cp message f10.txt
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 7.5G
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 17 04:14 f10.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 17 04:14 f1.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 17 04:14 f2.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 17 04:14 f3.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 17 04:14 f4.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 17 04:14 f5.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 17 04:14 f6.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 17 04:14 f7.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 17 04:14 f8.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 17 04:14 f9.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:18 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# xz -1 f1.txt  
[[e-mail] ~]# xz -2 f2.txt   
[[e-mail] ~]# xz -3 f3.txt   
[[e-mail] ~]# xz -4 f4.txt   
[[e-mail] ~]# xz -5 f5.txt   
[[e-mail] ~]# xz -6 f6.txt   
[[e-mail] ~]# xz -7 f7.txt   
[[e-mail] ~]# xz -8 f8.txt   
[[e-mail] ~]# xz -9 f9.txt   
[[e-mail] ~]# xz f10.txt  
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 769M
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 129K Dec 17 07:33 f10.txt.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 129K Dec 17 07:32 f1.txt.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 129K Dec 17 07:32 f2.txt.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 129K Dec 17 07:32 f3.txt.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 129K Dec 17 07:33 f4.txt.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 129K Dec 17 07:33 f5.txt.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 129K Dec 17 07:33 f6.txt.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 129K Dec 17 07:33 f7.txt.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 129K Dec 17 07:33 f8.txt.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 129K Dec 17 07:33 f9.txt.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 768M Dec 16 18:18 message
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll　　　　　　　　　　#最好以字節顯示，不然真看不出差別了
total 787408
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    131092 Dec 17 07:33 f10.txt.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    132040 Dec 17 07:32 f1.txt.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    131956 Dec 17 07:32 f2.txt.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    131940 Dec 17 07:32 f3.txt.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    131928 Dec 17 07:33 f4.txt.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    131572 Dec 17 07:33 f5.txt.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    131092 Dec 17 07:33 f6.txt.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    131092 Dec 17 07:33 f7.txt.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    131092 Dec 17 07:33 f8.txt.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    131092 Dec 17 07:33 f9.txt.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 804950000 Dec 16 18:18 message
[[e-mail] ~]#  

 

五.zip/unzip

1>.安裝zip/unzip工具

[[e-mail] ~]# yum -y install zip unzip
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package unzip.x86_64 0:6.0-20.el7 will be installed
---> Package zip.x86_64 0:3.0-11.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=================================================================================================================================
 Package                      Arch                          Version                            Repository                   Size
=================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 unzip                        x86_64                        6.0-20.el7                         base                        170 k
 zip                          x86_64                        3.0-11.el7                         base                        260 k

Transaction Summary
=================================================================================================================================
Install  2 Packages

Total download size: 430 k
Installed size: 1.1 M
Downloading packages:
(1/2): unzip-6.0-20.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                        | 170 kB  00:00:00     
(2/2): zip-3.0-11.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                          | 260 kB  00:00:00     
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                            2.2 MB/s | 430 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : zip-3.0-11.el7.x86_64                                                                                         1/2 
  Installing : unzip-6.0-20.el7.x86_64                                                                                       2/2 
  Verifying  : unzip-6.0-20.el7.x86_64                                                                                       1/2 
  Verifying  : zip-3.0-11.el7.x86_64                                                                                         2/2 

Installed:
  unzip.x86_64 0:6.0-20.el7                                        zip.x86_64 0:3.0-11.el7                                       

Complete!
[[e-mail] ~]# 

2>.打包並壓縮文件文件目錄

[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 0
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# zip -r ./sysconfig.log /etc/sysconfig/　　　　　　　　　　　　#將"/etc/sysconfig"目錄的所有文件(遞歸)打包到當前目錄下的一個叫"sysconfig.log"的文件。
  adding: etc/sysconfig/ (stored 0%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/cpupower (deflated 25%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/man-db (deflated 30%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/grub (deflated 27%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/cbq/ (stored 0%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example (deflated 9%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt (stored 0%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant (deflated 44%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/run-parts (stored 0%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ (stored 0%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn (deflated 72%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team (deflated 44%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6 (deflated 62%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel (deflated 44%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless (deflated 49%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo (deflated 25%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip (deflated 45%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global (deflated 70%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6 (deflated 70%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep (deflated 47%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn (deflated 54%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp (deflated 72%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp (deflated 54%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth (deflated 68%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes (deflated 63%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp (deflated 63%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit (deflated 62%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort (deflated 45%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp (deflated 58%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep (deflated 43%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post (deflated 57%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions (deflated 71%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort (deflated 50%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 (deflated 22%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post (deflated 65%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb (deflated 48%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth (deflated 64%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team (deflated 45%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6 (deflated 79%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit (deflated 50%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes (deflated 50%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup (deflated 63%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel (deflated 51%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown (deflated 59%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases (deflated 66%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/console/ (stored 0%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config (deflated 61%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/sshd (deflated 41%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config (deflated 61%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/authconfig (deflated 47%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/firewalld (stored 0%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/init (deflated 52%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/modules/ (stored 0%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/rsyslog (deflated 23%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/network (stored 0%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/netconsole (deflated 50%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/anaconda (deflated 2%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/irqbalance (deflated 45%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/selinux (deflated 50%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/chronyd (stored 0%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/readonly-root (deflated 50%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/iptables-config (deflated 60%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/crond (deflated 15%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/rdisc (stored 0%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/kdump (deflated 50%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/kernel (deflated 34%)
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 76
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 76609 Dec 31 04:38 sysconfig.log
[[e-mail] ~]# 

3>.解包壓縮文件

[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 76
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 76609 Dec 31 04:38 sysconfig.log
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# unzip sysconfig.log 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　#解包壓縮文件
Archive:  sysconfig.log
   creating: etc/sysconfig/
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/cpupower  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/man-db    
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/grub      
   creating: etc/sysconfig/cbq/
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example  
 extracting: etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant  
 extracting: etc/sysconfig/run-parts  
   creating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases  
   creating: etc/sysconfig/console/
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/sshd      
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/authconfig  
 extracting: etc/sysconfig/firewalld  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/init      
   creating: etc/sysconfig/modules/
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/rsyslog   
 extracting: etc/sysconfig/network   
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/netconsole  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/anaconda  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/irqbalance  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/selinux   
 extracting: etc/sysconfig/chronyd   
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/readonly-root  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/iptables-config  
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/crond     
 extracting: etc/sysconfig/rdisc     
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/kdump     
  inflating: etc/sysconfig/kernel    
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 80
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root  4096 Dec 31 04:42 etc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 76609 Dec 31 04:38 sysconfig.log
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# du -sh etc
384K    etc
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 80K
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4.0K Dec 31 04:42 etc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  75K Dec 31 04:38 sysconfig.log
[[e-mail] ~]# 

4>.將系統日志的內容壓縮

[[e-mail] ~]# ll /var/log/messages 
-rw-------. 1 root root 309152 Dec 31 04:34 /var/log/messages
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h /var/log/messages 
-rw-------. 1 root root 302K Dec 31 04:34 /var/log/messages
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 0
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# cat /var/log/messages | zip messages -　　　　　　#將系統日志的內容進行壓縮處理並在當前目錄生成一個"messages.zip"的文件
  adding: - (deflated 81%)
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 60
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 59455 Dec 31 04:44 messages.zip
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll -h
total 60K
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 59K Dec 31 04:44 messages.zip
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# 

5>.解包解壓縮

[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 60
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 59455 Dec 31 04:44 messages.zip
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# unzip -p messages.zip > messages　　　　　　　　　　#解壓文件內容並重定向到當前目錄到"messages"文件中。
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]# ll
total 364
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 309152 Dec 31 04:47 messages
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  59455 Dec 31 04:44 messages.zip
[[e-mail] ~]# 
[[e-mail] ~]#