time
1. 時間戳
- 一個時間表示,根據不同語言,可以是整數或者浮點數
- 是從 1970年1月1日0時0分0秒 到現在經歷的秒數
- 如果表示的時間是 1970年以前 或者 太遙遠的未來,可能出現異常
- 32位操作系統 能夠支持到 2038年
2. UTC 時間
- UTC 又稱 世界協調時間,以英國的格林尼治天文所在地區的時間作為參考的時間,也叫做 世界標准時間
- 中國時間是 UTC+8 東八區
3. 夏令時
- 在夏天的時候將時間調快一小時
- 本意是督促大家早睡早起節省蠟燭,每天變成 25 個小時,本質沒變還是 24 小時
4. 時間元組
- 一個包含時間內容的普通元組
索引 | 內容 | 屬性 | 值 |
---|---|---|---|
0 | 年 | tm_year | 2015 |
1 | 月 | tm_mon | 1~12 |
2 | 日 | tm_mday | 1~31 |
3 | 時 | tm_hour | 0~23 |
4 | 分 | tm_min | 0~59 |
5 | 秒 | tm_sec | 0~61,60表示閏秒,61保留值 |
6 | 周幾 | tm_wday | 0~6 |
7 | 第幾天 | tm_yday | 1~366 |
8 | 夏令時 | tm_isdst | 0, 1, -1(表示夏令時) |
5. 舉例
- 必要的准備工作
>>> import time
5.1 例子1
-
time.timezone
- 當前時區和 UTC 時間相差的秒數
- 在沒有夏令時的情況下,中(零)時區與東八區相差 -28800s
-
time.altzone
- 獲取當前時區與 UTC 時間相差的秒數
- 在有夏令時的情況下,中(零)時區與東八區相差 -32400s
-
time.daylight
- 測當前是否是夏令時時間狀態
- 0 表示是
>>> time.timezone
-28800
>>> time.altzone
-32400
>>> time.daylight
0
例子2
- time.time
- 時間戳
- time.localtime
- Convert seconds since the Epoch to a time tuple expressing local time.
- When 'seconds' is not passed in, convert the current time instead.
>>> time.time()
1576070236.623945
>>> time.localtime()
time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=11, tm_hour=21, tm_min=17, tm_sec=29, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=345, tm_isdst=0)
>>> t = time.localtime()
>>> t.tm_hour
21
例子3
- time.asctime
- Convert a time tuple to a string, e.g. 'Sat Jun 06 16:26:11 1998'.
- When the time tuple is not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used.
>>> t1 = time.localtime()
>>> t2 = time.asctime(t1)
>>> type(t2)
<class 'str'>
>>> t2
'Wed Dec 11 21:18:03 2019'
例子4
- time.ctime
- Convert a time in seconds since the Epoch to a string in local time.
- This is equivalent to asctime(localtime(seconds)). When the time tuple is not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used.
>>> t = time.ctime()
>>> type(t)
<class 'str'>
>>> t
'Wed Dec 11 21:19:02 2019'
例子5
- time.mktime
- Convert a time tuple in local time to seconds since the Epoch.
- Note that mktime(gmtime(0)) will not generally return zero for most time zones; instead the returned value will either be equal to that of the timezone or altzone attributes on the time module.
>>> lt = time.localtime()
>>> ts = time.mktime(lt)
>>> type(ts)
<class 'float'>
>>> ts
1576070374.0
例子6
- time.clock
- Return the CPU time or real time since the start of the process or since the first call to clock().
- This has as much precision as the system records.
- time.sleep
- Delay execution for a given number of seconds.
- The argument may be a floating point number for subsecond precision.
# run in ipython
t0 = time.clock()
time.sleep(3)
t1 = time.clock()
print(t1 - t0)
>>>
...
DeprecationWarning: time.clock has been deprecated in Python 3.3 and will be removed from Python 3.8: use time.perf_counter or time.process_time instead
"""Entry point for launching an IPython kernel.
3.0017606999999984
...
This is separate from the ipykernel package so we can avoid doing imports until
- 既然官方說了,那就用 time.perf_counter 或 time.process_time 嘍
例子7
- strftime
- Convert a time tuple to a string according to a format specification.
- When the time tuple is not present, current time as returned by localtime() is used.
- help(time.strftime)
符號 | 釋義 |
---|---|
%Y | Year with century as a decimal number. |
%m | Month as a decimal number [01,12]. |
%d | Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31]. |
%H | Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23]. |
%M | Minute as a decimal number [00,59]. |
%S | Second as a decimal number [00,61]. |
%z | Time zone offset from UTC. 用 +HHMM 或 -HHMM 表示距離格林威治的時區偏移 H 代表十進制的小時數,M 代表十進制的分鍾數 |
%a | Locale's abbreviated weekday name. |
%A | Locale's full weekday name. |
%b | Locale's abbreviated month name. |
%B | Locale's full month name. |
%c | Locale's appropriate date and time representation. |
%I | Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12]. |
%p | Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM. |
- 補充
符號 | 釋義 |
---|---|
%j | 一年中的第幾天(001 - 366) |
%U | 一年中的星期數(00 - 53 星期天是一個星期的開始) 第一個星期天之前的所有天數都放在第 0 周 |
%w | 一個星期中的第幾天(0 - 6,0 是星期天) |
%W | 和 %U 基本相同,不同的是 %W 以星期一為一個星期的開始 |
%x | 本地相應日期 |
%X | 本地相應時間 |
%y | 去掉世紀的年份(00 - 99) |
%Y | 完整的年份 |
%% | %號本身 |
>>> lt = time.localtime()
>>> ft = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M", lt)
>>> ft
'2019-12-11 21:20'