【docker部署】基於linux的centos操作系統部署安裝docker容器

一、docker介紹

　　容器是輕量級的，包含應用運行所需所有東西（代碼、庫、運行時環境、系統設置，以及依賴關系）的獨立的包。每個容器都部署於它自己的 CPU、內存、塊 I/O，以及網絡資源上，所有這些都不依賴於某個內核和操作系統。這也是容器與虛擬機之間最大的不同；相比之下，虛擬機是一個運行於宿主機操作系統上的完整的操作系統平台，而容器不是。容器允許你以一種前所未有的方式擴展交付能力（不管內部還是外部的）

docker和VM虛擬機的區別在於：

• 容器提供了基於進程的隔離，而虛擬機提供了資源的完全隔離。
• 虛擬機可能需要一分鍾來啟動，而容器只需要一秒鍾或更短。
• 容器使用宿主操作系統的內核，而虛擬機使用獨立的內核

docker發行版本分為：

• Docker CE（社區版）：免費開源版本-Docker Engine
• Docker EE（企業版）：商用收費版本-Docker Data Center　　 

docker安裝環境：

• 公有雲環境：基於阿里雲以及騰訊雲主機等安裝Docker
• 私有雲環境：基於自主主機環境安裝Docker

Docker 平台基本上由三部分組成：

• 客戶端：用戶使用 Docker 提供的工具（CLI 以及 API 等）來構建，上傳鏡像並發布命令來創建和啟動容器Docker
• 主機：從 Docker registry 上下載鏡像並啟動容器Docker
• registry：Docker 鏡像倉庫，用於保存鏡像，並提供鏡像上傳和下載。

 

二、Docker容器安裝部署

2.1 Docker容器部署

# 查看系統開發環境
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)

# 查看系統內核版本
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# uname -a
Linux VM_0_10_centos 3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jun 18 16:35:19 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
或
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# cat /proc/version 
Linux version 3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64 ([e-mail]) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-3
6) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Jun 18 16:35:19 UTC 2019 

在增加Docker阿里雲yum源之前需要執行基礎組件安裝以及卸載歷史版本：

# 基礎組件安裝
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++

# 卸載歷史版本
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# yum -y remove docker docker-common docker-selinux docker-engine
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
No Match for argument: docker
No Match for argument: docker-common
No Match for argument: docker-selinux
No Match for argument: docker-engine
No Packages marked for removal

# 或刪除已安裝的docker
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# yum -y remove docker \
> docker-client \
> docker-client-latest \
> docker-common \
> docker-latest \
> docker-latest-logrotate \
> docker-selinux \
> docker-engine-selinux \
> docker-engine
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
No Match for argument: docker
No Match for argument: docker-client
No Match for argument: docker-client-latest
No Match for argument: docker-common
No Match for argument: docker-latest
No Match for argument: docker-latest-logrotate
No Match for argument: docker-selinux
No Match for argument: docker-engine-selinux
No Match for argument: docker-engine
No Packages marked for removal

PS：Docker部署要求64位的系統且內核版本至少為3.10

# 查看yum
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
Cleaning repos: epel extras os updates
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# yum list

2.2 Docker安裝

2.2.1 部署Docker添加yum源：

# 安裝yum工具
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# yum -y install yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

# 配置docker阿里雲yum源
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# yum-config-manager --add-repo=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration
adding repo from: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
grabbing file http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

# 更新yum緩存
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# yum -y makecache fast

# 查看對應版本
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates

2.2.2 安裝docker最新版本：

# 安裝yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli 或者 yum install docker-io –y
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# yum -y install docker-ce docker-ce-cli

2.2.3 啟動docker服務

[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# systemctl start docker
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# systemctl enable docker
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.

2.2.4 檢驗安裝docker服務信息

[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# docker -v
Docker version 19.03.5, build 633a0ea
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           19.03.5
 API version:       1.40
 Go version:        go1.12.12
 Git commit:        633a0ea
 Built:             Wed Nov 13 07:25:41 2019
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          19.03.5
  API version:      1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.12.12
  Git commit:       633a0ea
  Built:            Wed Nov 13 07:24:18 2019
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.2.10
  GitCommit:        b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.0-rc8+dev
  GitCommit:        3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.18.0
  GitCommit:        fec3683
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker_install]# docker info
Client:
 Debug Mode: false

Server:
 Containers: 0
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
 Images: 0
 Server Version: 19.03.5
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: extfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339
 runc version: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657
 init version: fec3683
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: default
 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64
 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 1
 Total Memory: 1.795GiB
 Name: VM_0_10_centos
 ID: ZYOK:IVEB:436X:2EJF:HMYJ:A6RA:XXNW:4WY7:4YL7:MIR7:GO33:XMLX
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Live Restore Enabled: false

WARNING: bridge-nf-call-iptables is disabled
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-ip6tables is disabled

2.3 Docker配置阿里雲鏡像加速器

阿里雲官網配置：

# 默認etc下已經有docker目錄，這里不用重復創建
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker sudo
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' { "registry-mirrors": ["https://j98vrcq8.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] } EOF sudo systemctl daemon-reload sudo systemctl restart docker

編輯配置文件：vim /etc/docker/daemon.json

[root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# vi daemon.json
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://j98vrcq8.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}

  [root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# systemctl daemon-reload
  [root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# systemctl restart docker

[root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# docker info
Client:
 Debug Mode: false

Server:
 Containers: 0
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
 Images: 0
 Server Version: 19.03.5
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: extfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339
 runc version: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657
 init version: fec3683
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: default
 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64
 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 1
 Total Memory: 1.795GiB
 Name: VM_0_10_centos
 ID: ZYOK:IVEB:436X:2EJF:HMYJ:A6RA:XXNW:4WY7:4YL7:MIR7:GO33:XMLX
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8 Registry Mirrors: https://j98vrcq8.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
 Live Restore Enabled: false

WARNING: bridge-nf-call-iptables is disabled
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-ip6tables is disabled

2.4 Docker容器基本組件部署與安裝

2.4.1 Compose組件部署與安裝：

　　Docker Compose是一個用來定義和運行復雜應用的Docker工具。一個Docker容器的應用，通常由多個容器組成。Compose 通過一個配置文件來管理多個Docker容器，在配置文件中，所有的容器通過services來定義。然后使用docker-compose腳本來啟動，停止和重啟應用，和應用中的服務以及所有依賴服務的容器，非常適合組合使用多個容器進行開發的場景

安裝docker-compose的方式：

方式一：從github上下載docker-compose二進制文件安裝下載最新版的docker-compose文件 

# curl -L參數是表示跳轉到新網址下載；-o輸出文件路徑；-i：顯示http response的頭信息；-I只顯示頭部信息
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# curl -L  https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.25.1-rc1/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   617    0   617    0     0    958      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--   958
100 16.2M  100 16.2M    0     0   105k      0  0:02:37  0:02:37 --:--:--  127k

# 添加可執行權限
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

# 卸載（刪除該文件即可）
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# rm /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

 方式二：使用pip install命令安裝

# 使用pip安裝需要先安裝pip命令
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# yum -y install python-pip

# 安裝
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# pip install docker-compose

# 卸載
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# pip uninstall docker-compose

檢驗docker-compose安裝結果：

[root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# docker-compose version
docker-compose version 1.25.1-rc1, build d92e9bee
docker-py version: 4.1.0
CPython version: 3.7.4
OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.1.0l  10 Sep 2019

2.4.2 Machine組件部署與安裝

　　Docker Machine是一個工具，可讓您在虛擬主機上安裝Docker Engine，並使用docker-machine命令管理主機。

通過github下載安裝machine組件：

[root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# curl -L https://github.com/docker/machine/releases/download/v0.16.2/docker-machine-`uname -s`-`uname -m` > /usr/local/bin/docker-machine
[root@VM_0_10_centos docker]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-machine

 

 

 

 

 

參考博客：

https://www.cnblogs.com/mazhilin/p/11553510.html