Java調用Http/Https接口(4)--HttpClient調用Http/Https接口

HttpClient是Apache HttpComponents項目下的一個組件，是Commons-HttpClient的升級版，兩者api調用寫法也很類似。文中所使用到的軟件版本：Java 1.8.0_191、HttpClient 4.5.10。

1、服務端

參見Java調用Http接口(1)--編寫服務端 

2、調用Http接口

2.1、GET請求

    public static void get() {
        String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/getUser?userId=1000&userName=李白";
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try {
            HttpGet get = new HttpGet(requestPath);
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get);
            System.out.println("GET返回狀態：" + response.getStatusLine());
            HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
            System.out.println("GET返回結果：" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));
            
            //流暢api調用
            String result = Request.Get(requestPath).execute().returnContent().asString(Charset.forName("utf-8"));
            System.out.println("GET fluent返回結果：" + result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            close(httpClient);
        }
    }

2.2、POST請求(發送鍵值對數據）

    public static void post() {
        String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/getUser";
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try {
            HttpPost post = new HttpPost(requestPath);
            List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
            list.add(new BasicNameValuePair("userId", "1000"));
            list.add(new BasicNameValuePair("userName", "李白"));
            post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list, "utf-8"));
            
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
            System.out.println("POST返回狀態：" + response.getStatusLine());
            HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
            System.out.println("POST返回結果：" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));
            
            //流暢api調用
            String result = Request.Post(requestPath)
                    .bodyForm(Form.form().add("userId", "1000").add("userName", "李白").build(), Charset.forName("utf-8"))
                    .execute().returnContent().asString(Charset.forName("utf-8"));
            System.out.println("POST fluent返回結果：" + result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            close(httpClient);
        }
    }

2.3、POST請求(發送JSON數據）

    public static void post2() {
        String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/addUser";
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try {
            HttpPost post = new HttpPost(requestPath);
            post.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
            String param = "{\"userId\": \"1001\",\"userName\":\"杜甫\"}";
            post.setEntity(new StringEntity(param, "utf-8"));
            
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
            System.out.println("POST json返回狀態：" + response.getStatusLine());
            HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
            System.out.println("POST josn返回結果：" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));
            
            //流暢api調用
            String result = Request.Post(requestPath)
                    .addHeader("Content-type", "application/json")
                    .bodyString(param, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                    .execute().returnContent().asString(Charset.forName("utf-8"));
            System.out.println("POST json fluent返回結果：" + result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            close(httpClient);
        }
    }

2.4、上傳文件

    public static void upload() {
        String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/upload";
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try {
            HttpPost post = new HttpPost(requestPath);
            FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("d:/a.jpg");
            post.setEntity(new InputStreamEntity(fileInputStream));
            
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
            System.out.println("upload返回狀態：" + response.getStatusLine());
            HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
            System.out.println("upload返回結果：" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));
            
            //流暢api調用
            String result = Request.Post(requestPath)
                    .bodyStream(new FileInputStream("d:/a.jpg"))
                    .execute().returnContent().asString(Charset.forName("utf-8"));
            System.out.println("upload fluent返回結果：" + result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            close(httpClient);
        }
    }

2.5、上傳文件及發送鍵值對數據

    public static void multi() {
        String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/multi";
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try {
            HttpPost post = new HttpPost(requestPath);
            FileBody file = new FileBody(new File("d:/a.jpg"));
            HttpEntity requestEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create()
                    .addPart("file", file)
                    .addPart("param1", new StringBody("參數1", ContentType.create(ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN.getMimeType(), "utf-8")))
                    .addPart("param2", new StringBody("參數2", ContentType.create(ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN.getMimeType(), "utf-8")))
                    .build();
            post.setEntity(requestEntity);
            
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
            System.out.println("multi返回狀態：" + response.getStatusLine());
            HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
            System.out.println("multi返回結果：" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));
            
            //流暢api調用
            String result = Request.Post(requestPath)
                    .body(MultipartEntityBuilder.create()
                        .addPart("file", file)
                        .addPart("param1", new StringBody("參數1", ContentType.create(ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN.getMimeType(), "utf-8")))
                        .addPart("param2", new StringBody("參數2", ContentType.create(ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN.getMimeType(), "utf-8")))
                        .build())
                    .execute().returnContent().asString(Charset.forName("utf-8"));
            System.out.println("multi fluent返回結果：" + result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            close(httpClient);
        }
    }

2.6、完整例子

package com.inspur.demo.http.client;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.fluent.Form;
import org.apache.http.client.fluent.Request;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.InputStreamEntity;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

/**
 * 通過HttpClient調用Http接口
 */
public class HttpClientCase {
    /**
     *  GET請求
     */
    public static void get() {
        String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/getUser?userId=1000&userName=李白";
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try {
            HttpGet get = new HttpGet(requestPath);
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get);
            System.out.println("GET返回狀態：" + response.getStatusLine());
            HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
            System.out.println("GET返回結果：" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));
            
            //流暢api調用
            String result = Request.Get(requestPath).execute().returnContent().asString(Charset.forName("utf-8"));
            System.out.println("GET fluent返回結果：" + result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            close(httpClient);
        }
    }
    
    /**
     *  POST請求(發送鍵值對數據)
     */
    public static void post() {
        String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/getUser";
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try {
            HttpPost post = new HttpPost(requestPath);
            List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
            list.add(new BasicNameValuePair("userId", "1000"));
            list.add(new BasicNameValuePair("userName", "李白"));
            post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list, "utf-8"));
            
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
            System.out.println("POST返回狀態：" + response.getStatusLine());
            HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
            System.out.println("POST返回結果：" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));
            
            //流暢api調用
            String result = Request.Post(requestPath)
                    .bodyForm(Form.form().add("userId", "1000").add("userName", "李白").build(), Charset.forName("utf-8"))
                    .execute().returnContent().asString(Charset.forName("utf-8"));
            System.out.println("POST fluent返回結果：" + result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            close(httpClient);
        }
    }
    
    /**
     *  POST請求(發送json數據)
     */
    public static void post2() {
        String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/addUser";
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try {
            HttpPost post = new HttpPost(requestPath);
            post.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
            String param = "{\"userId\": \"1001\",\"userName\":\"杜甫\"}";
            post.setEntity(new StringEntity(param, "utf-8"));
            
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
            System.out.println("POST json返回狀態：" + response.getStatusLine());
            HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
            System.out.println("POST josn返回結果：" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));
            
            //流暢api調用
            String result = Request.Post(requestPath)
                    .addHeader("Content-type", "application/json")
                    .bodyString(param, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                    .execute().returnContent().asString(Charset.forName("utf-8"));
            System.out.println("POST json fluent返回結果：" + result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            close(httpClient);
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 上傳文件
     */
    public static void upload() {
        String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/upload";
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try {
            HttpPost post = new HttpPost(requestPath);
            FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("d:/a.jpg");
            post.setEntity(new InputStreamEntity(fileInputStream));
            
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
            System.out.println("upload返回狀態：" + response.getStatusLine());
            HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
            System.out.println("upload返回結果：" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));
            
            //流暢api調用
            String result = Request.Post(requestPath)
                    .bodyStream(new FileInputStream("d:/a.jpg"))
                    .execute().returnContent().asString(Charset.forName("utf-8"));
            System.out.println("upload fluent返回結果：" + result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            close(httpClient);
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 上傳文件及發送鍵值對數據
     */
    public static void multi() {
        String requestPath = "http://localhost:8080/demo/httptest/multi";
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try {
            HttpPost post = new HttpPost(requestPath);
            FileBody file = new FileBody(new File("d:/a.jpg"));
            HttpEntity requestEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create()
                    .addPart("file", file)
                    .addPart("param1", new StringBody("參數1", ContentType.create(ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN.getMimeType(), "utf-8")))
                    .addPart("param2", new StringBody("參數2", ContentType.create(ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN.getMimeType(), "utf-8")))
                    .build();
            post.setEntity(requestEntity);
            
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
            System.out.println("multi返回狀態：" + response.getStatusLine());
            HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
            System.out.println("multi返回結果：" + EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity));
            
            //流暢api調用
            String result = Request.Post(requestPath)
                    .body(MultipartEntityBuilder.create()
                        .addPart("file", file)
                        .addPart("param1", new StringBody("參數1", ContentType.create(ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN.getMimeType(), "utf-8")))
                        .addPart("param2", new StringBody("參數2", ContentType.create(ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN.getMimeType(), "utf-8")))
                        .build())
                    .execute().returnContent().asString(Charset.forName("utf-8"));
            System.out.println("multi fluent返回結果：" + result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            close(httpClient);
        }
    }
    
    private static void close(CloseableHttpClient httpClient) {
        try {
            if (httpClient != null) {
                httpClient.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        get();
        post();
        post2();
        upload();
        multi();
    }

}

3、調用Https接口

 與調用Http接口不一樣的部分主要在設置ssl部分，其ssl的設置與HttpsURLConnection很相似(參見Java調用Http/Https接口(2)--HttpURLConnection/HttpsURLConnection調用Http/Https接口)；下面用GET請求來演示ssl的設置，其他調用方式類似。

package com.inspur.demo.http.client;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.KeyStore;

import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContexts;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import com.inspur.demo.common.util.FileUtil;

/**
 * 通過HttpClient調用Https接口
 */
public class HttpClientHttpsCase {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient2 = null;
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient3 = null;
        try {
            /*
             * 請求有權威證書的地址
             */
            String requestPath = "https://www.baidu.com/";
            httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            HttpGet get = new HttpGet(requestPath);
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get);
            System.out.println("GET1返回結果：" + EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8"));
            
            /*
             * 請求自定義證書的地址
             */
            //獲取信任證書庫
            KeyStore trustStore = getkeyStore("jks", "d:/temp/cacerts", "123456");
            
            //不需要客戶端證書
            requestPath = "https://10.40.x.x:9010/zsywservice";
            SSLConnectionSocketFactory factory = getSSLConnectionSocketFactory(trustStore);
            httpClient2 = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(factory).build();
            get = new HttpGet(requestPath);
            response = httpClient2.execute(get);
            System.out.println("GET2返回結果：" + EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
            
            //需要客戶端證書
            requestPath = "https://10.40.x.x:9016/zsywservice";
            KeyStore keyStore = getkeyStore("pkcs12", "d:/client.p12", "123456");
            factory = getSSLConnectionSocketFactory(keyStore, "123456", trustStore);
            httpClient3 = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(factory).build();
            get = new HttpGet(requestPath);
            response = httpClient3.execute(get);
            System.out.println("GET3返回結果：" + EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            close(httpClient);
            close(httpClient2);
            close(httpClient3);
        }
    }
    
    public static SSLConnectionSocketFactory getSSLConnectionSocketFactory(KeyStore trustStore) throws Exception {
        return getSSLConnectionSocketFactory(null, null, trustStore);
    }
    
    public static SSLConnectionSocketFactory getSSLConnectionSocketFactory(KeyStore keyStore, String keyStorePassword, KeyStore trustStore) throws Exception {
        SSLContextBuilder bulider = SSLContexts.custom();
        if (keyStore != null) {
            bulider.loadKeyMaterial(keyStore, keyStorePassword.toCharArray());
        }
        if (trustStore != null) {
            bulider.loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, null);
        } else {
            bulider.loadTrustMaterial(new TrustSelfSignedStrategy());
        }
        SSLContext sslContext = bulider.build();
        
        // 驗證URL的主機名和服務器的標識主機名是否匹配
        HostnameVerifier hostnameVerifier = new HostnameVerifier() {
            @Override
            public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) {
                // if ("xxx".equals(hostname)) {
                // return true;
                // } else {
                // return false;
                // }
                return true;
            }
        };
        SSLConnectionSocketFactory factory = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext,
                new String[] { "TLSv1", "TLSv1.2" }, null, hostnameVerifier);
        return factory;
    }
    
    public static SSLConnectionSocketFactory getSSLConnectionSocketFactory() throws Exception {
        return getSSLConnectionSocketFactory(null, null, null);
    }

    private static KeyStore getkeyStore(String type, String filePath, String password) {
        KeyStore keySotre = null;
        FileInputStream in = null;
        try {
            keySotre = KeyStore.getInstance(type);
            in = new FileInputStream(new File(filePath));
            keySotre.load(in, password.toCharArray());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            FileUtil.close(in);
        }
        return keySotre;
    }
    
    private static void close(CloseableHttpClient httpClient) {
        try {
            if (httpClient != null) {
                httpClient.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}