spring security 使用數據庫中的賬戶和密碼認證
目錄
一、原理分析
前台的登錄請求發送到后端后會由spring security進行攔截，即controller層由框架自己提供。這樣用戶名和密碼的認證就需要在service層完成,所以框架需要在service層獲取到我們自己的數據庫賬號信息。
spring security 提供了一個接口 **UserDetailsService **來讓用戶提供賬號和密碼,其內容如下
public interface UserDetailsService {
UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException;
}
用戶實現這個接口中的loadUserByUsername方法，通過數據庫中查詢的賬號和密碼構造一個UserDetails對象返回給spring security，然后框架自己完成認證操作。
其中UserDetails也是一個接口，spring security用它來封裝當前進行認證的用戶信息
public interface UserDetails extends Serializable {
Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities();
String getPassword();
String getUsername();
boolean isAccountNonExpired();
boolean isAccountNonLocked();
boolean isCredentialsNonExpired();
boolean isEnabled();
}
spring security 自己提供了一個實現類我們可以直接使用,以下是User中的部分代碼
public class User implements UserDetails, CredentialsContainer {
private String password;
private final String username;
private final Set<GrantedAuthority> authorities;
private final boolean accountNonExpired; //帳戶是否過期
private final boolean accountNonLocked; //帳戶是否鎖定
private final boolean credentialsNonExpired; //認證是否過期
private final boolean enabled; //帳戶是否可用
｝
所以，使用數據庫完成認證的關鍵就是實現UserDetailsService接口，並在loadUserByUsername方法中封裝一個框架需要的UserDetails對象，即User對象返回給框架，由框架完成后續的認證操作。
同時需要在spring security的配置文件中指定要用來認證的userService 的bean
二、代碼實現
1.新建一個javaWeb工程
新建一個javaweb工程,導入相關依賴,pom文件的內容如下
pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.lyy</groupId>
<artifactId>spring_security_1</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>spring_security_1 Maven Webapp</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
<slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
<mybatis.version>3.4.5</mybatis.version>
<spring.security.version>5.0.1.RELEASE</spring.security.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.6.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency> <!-- log start -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency> <!-- log end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1.2</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
<artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId>
<version>5.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.security.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
<version>${spring.security.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-security-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.security.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-security-taglibs</artifactId>
<version>${spring.security.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.annotation</groupId>
<artifactId>jsr250-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>2.9.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.16.16</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
<configuration>
<port>80</port>
<path>/</path>
<uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>
<server>tomcat7</server>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
在web.xml中配置spring security的過濾器
web.xml
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
version="3.0">
<display-name>spring security 01</display-name>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-security.xml,classpath*:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 配置監聽器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<filter>
<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 解決中文亂碼過濾器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
整合spring和mybatis,spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml
spring配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!-- 開啟注解掃描，管理service和dao -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.lyy.service">
</context:component-scan>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.lyy.dao">
</context:component-scan>
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
<!-- 配置連接池 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<!--配置SqlSessionFactory工廠-->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.lyy.domain"/>
</bean>
<!--配置Dao接口所在包-->
<bean id="mapperScanner" class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.lyy.dao"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置Spring的聲明式事務管理 -->
<!-- 配置事務管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>
spring security配置文件
spring security的配置文件的內容,spring-security.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/security
http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security.xsd">
<!--spring-security的入門配置-->
<!--配置哪些資源不會被攔截 /xxx表示根路徑下的某個資源-->
<security:http security="none" pattern="/login.html"/>
<security:http security="none" pattern="/failed.html"/>
<security:http auto-config="true" use-expressions="false">
<!-- 配置鏈接地址，表示任意路徑都需要ROLE_USER權限,這里可以配置
一個逗號隔開的角色列表-->
<security:intercept-url pattern="/**" access="ROLE_USER"/>
<!--自定義登錄頁面-->
<security:form-login login-page="/login.html" login-processing-url="/login"
username-parameter="username" password-parameter="password"
authentication-failure-forward-url="/failed.html"
default-target-url="/index.html"
/>
<!--關閉csrf,默認是開啟的-->
<security:csrf disabled="true"/>
<!-- 退出 -->
<security:logout invalidate-session="true" logout-url="/logout.do" logout-success-url="/login.html" />
</security:http>
<security:authentication-manager>
<!--配置使用給定的userservice完成認證-->
<security:authentication-provider user-service-ref="userService">
</security:authentication-provider>
</security:authentication-manager>
</beans>
在這個配置文件中要注意的是配置用來認證的userService Bean
<!--配置使用給定的userservice完成認證-->
<security:authentication-provider user-service-ref="userService">
創建登錄頁面和登錄失敗的頁面login.html,failed.html
2.用戶認證的實現
新建一個IUserService接口繼承UserDetailsService
package com.lyy.service;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
public interface IUserService extends UserDetailsService {
}
實現類如下
@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {
@Autowired
private IUserDao userDao;
public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
UserInfo userInfo = userDao.findByUsername(username);
User user=new User(userInfo.getUsername(),"{noop}"+userInfo.getPassword(),getRoles());
return user;
}
/*給用戶賦值角色信息*/
private List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> getRoles(){
List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> list=new ArrayList<SimpleGrantedAuthority>();
list.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_USER"));
list.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_ADMIN"));
return list;
}
}
其中在loadUserByUsername方法中完成查詢數據庫信息，封裝成框架需要的用戶信息。
注意 :
UserInfo是封裝數據庫用戶信息的實體類
getRoles用來給用戶賦角色信息，spring security認證時用戶必須有角色信息，角色信息可以從數據庫中查詢，在這里直接在代理中寫固定值來示意。
用戶密碼中拼接的"{noop}"字符串是因為我們沒有對密碼進行加密，所以要告訴框架認證密碼時不需要加密。
3.測試
啟動工程，訪問localhost,會跳轉到登錄頁面，輸入數據庫中存在的賬戶和密碼就會登錄成功並跳轉到首頁index.html
三、總結
使用數據庫完成認證的關鍵就是實現UserDetailsService接口，並在loadUserByUsername方法中封裝一個框架需要的UserDetails對象，即User對象返回給框架，由框架完成后續的認證操作。
同時需要在spring security的配置文件中指定要用來認證的userService 的bean，即實現了loadUserByUsername方法的userService
如果需要查看示例工程的具體代碼，可以點擊下方的鏈接在碼雲上查看
示例工程地址