Java自定義注解(1)


Java注解簡介

1. Java注解(Annotation)

   Java注解是附加在代碼中的一些元信息,用於一些工具在編譯、

   運行時進行解析和使用,起到說明、配置的功能。 

   注解相關類都包含在java.lang.annotation包中。

2. Java注解分類

  2.1 JDK基本注解 

  2.2 JDK元注解 

  2.3 自定義注解  

3. JDK基本注解

  3.1 @Override

      重寫

  3.2 @Deprecated

      已過時

  3.3 @SuppressWarnings(value = "unchecked") 

      壓制編輯器警告 

Java元注解  

作用:元注解用於修飾其他的注解 

@Retention定義注解的保留策略 

      @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)             //注解僅存在於源碼中,在class字節碼文件中不包含 

      @Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)              //默認的保留策略,注解會在class字節碼文件中存在,但運行時無法獲得,

      @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)            //注解會在class字節碼文件中存在,在運行時可以通過反射獲取到

@Target指定被修飾的Annotation可以放置的位置(被修飾的目標)

      @Target(ElementType.TYPE)                      //接口、類

      @Target(ElementType.FIELD)                     //屬性 

      @Target(ElementType.METHOD)                    //方法 

      @Target(ElementType.PARAMETER)                 //方法參數 

      @Target(ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR)               //構造函數 

      @Target(ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE)            //局部變量 

      @Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE)           //注解 

      @Target(ElementType.PACKAGE)                   // 

      注:可以指定多個位置,例如: 

@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE}),也就是此注解可以在方法和類上面使用 

@Inherited指定被修飾的Annotation將具有繼承性 

@Documented指定被修飾的該Annotation可以被javadoc工具提取成文檔. 

自定義注解 

注解分類(根據Annotation是否包含成員變量,可以把Annotation分為兩類)標記Annotation: 沒有成員變量的Annotation; 這種Annotation僅利用自身的存在與否來提供信息  

元數據Annotation: 

    包含成員變量的Annotation; 它們可以接受(和提供)更多的元數據; 

如何自定義注解? 

使用@interface關鍵字, 其定義過程與定義接口非常類似, 需要注意的是: 

   Annotation的成員變量在Annotation定義中是以無參的方法形式來聲明的, 其方法名和返回值類型定義了該成員變量的名字和類型,

   而且我們還可以使用default關鍵字為這個成員變量設定默認值;

注意:只有名字為value”屬性,賦值時可以省略屬性名

案例一(獲取類與方法上的注解值):

 TranscationModel

1 package com.ssm.annotation.p1;
2 
3 public enum  TranscationModel {
4     Read, Write, ReadWrite
5 }
MyAnnotation1 
 1 package com.ssm.annotation.p1;
 2 
 3 import java.lang.annotation.*;
 4 
 5 /**
 6  * MyAnnotation1注解可以用在類、接口、屬性、方法上
 7  * 注解運行期也保留
 8  * 不可繼承
 9  */
10 @Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.FIELD,ElementType.METHOD})
11 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
12 @Documented
13 public @interface MyAnnotation1 {
14     String name();
15 }
Demo1 
 1 package com.ssm.annotation.p1;
 2 
 3 import com.ssm.annotation.p2.MyAnnotation2;
 4 import com.ssm.annotation.p3.MyAnnotation3;
 5 
 6 @MyAnnotation1(name = "abc")
 7 public class Demo1 {
 8 
 9     @MyAnnotation1(name = "xyz")
10     private Integer age;
11 
12     @MyAnnotation2(model = TranscationModel.Read)
13     public void list() {
14         System.out.println("list");
15     }
16 
17     @MyAnnotation3(models = {TranscationModel.Read, TranscationModel.Write})
18     public void edit() {
19         System.out.println("edit");
20     }
21 }
Demo1Test 
 1 package com.ssm.controllerTest;
 2 
 3 import com.ssm.annotation.p1.*;
 4 import com.ssm.annotation.p2.MyAnnotation2;
 5 import com.ssm.annotation.p3.MyAnnotation3;
 6 import org.junit.Test;
 7 
 8 
 9 public class Demo1Test {
10     @Test
11     public void list() throws Exception {
12 //        獲取類上的注解
13         MyAnnotation1 annotation1 = Demo1.class.getAnnotation(MyAnnotation1.class);
14         System.out.println(annotation1.name());//abc
15 
16 //        獲取方法上的注解
17         MyAnnotation2 myAnnotation2 = Demo1.class.getMethod("list").getAnnotation(MyAnnotation2.class);
18         System.out.println(myAnnotation2.model());//Read
19 
20 
21     }
22 
23     @Test
24     public void edit() throws Exception {
25         MyAnnotation3 myAnnotation3 = Demo1.class.getMethod("edit").getAnnotation(MyAnnotation3.class);
26         for (TranscationModel model : myAnnotation3.models()) {
27             System.out.println(model);//Read,Write
28         }
29     }
30 }

 

案例二(獲取類屬性上的注解屬性值)

TestAnnotation 
 1 package com.ssm.annotation.p2;
 2 
 3 import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
 4 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 5 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
 6 import java.lang.annotation.Target;
 7 
 8 
 9 //@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
10 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
11 @Target(ElementType.FIELD)
12 public @interface TestAnnotation {
13     String value() default "默認value值";
14 
15     String what() default "這里是默認的what屬性對應的值";
16 }
MyAnnotation2 
 1 package com.ssm.annotation.p2;
 2 
 3 
 4 import com.ssm.annotation.p1.TranscationModel;
 5 
 6 import java.lang.annotation.*;
 7 
 8 @Target(ElementType.METHOD)
 9 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
10 @Documented
11 public @interface MyAnnotation2 {
12     TranscationModel model() default TranscationModel.ReadWrite;
13 }
Demo2 
 1 package com.ssm.annotation.p2;
 2 
 3 
 4 public class Demo2 {
 5     @TestAnnotation(value = "這就是value對應的值_msg1", what = "這就是what對應的值_msg1")
 6     private static String msg1;
 7 
 8     @TestAnnotation("這就是value對應的值1")
 9     private static String msg2;
10 
11     @TestAnnotation(value = "這就是value對應的值2")
12     private static String msg3;
13 
14     @TestAnnotation(what = "這就是what對應的值")
15     private static String msg4;
16 }
Demo2Test 
 1 package com.ssm.controllerTest;
 2 
 3 import com.ssm.annotation.p2.Demo2;
 4 import com.ssm.annotation.p2.TestAnnotation;
 5 import org.junit.Test;
 6 
 7 
 8 public class Demo2Test {
 9     @Test
10     public void test1() throws Exception {
11         TestAnnotation msg1 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg1").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
12         System.out.println(msg1.value());
13         System.out.println(msg1.what());
14     }
15 
16     @Test
17     public void test2() throws Exception {
18         TestAnnotation msg2 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg2").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
19         System.out.println(msg2.value());
20         System.out.println(msg2.what());
21     }
22 
23     @Test
24     public void test3() throws Exception {
25         TestAnnotation msg3 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg3").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
26         System.out.println(msg3.value());
27         System.out.println(msg3.what());
28     }
29 
30     @Test
31     public void test4() throws Exception {
32         TestAnnotation msg4 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg4").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
33         System.out.println(msg4.value());
34         System.out.println(msg4.what());
35     }
36 }

 

案例三(獲取參數修飾注解對應的屬性值):

IsNotNull 
 1 package com.ssm.annotation.p3;
 2 
 3 import java.lang.annotation.*;
 4 
 5 
 6 @Documented
 7 @Target({ElementType.PARAMETER})
 8 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
 9 public @interface IsNotNull {
10     boolean value() default false;
11 }
MyAnnotation3 
 1 package com.ssm.annotation.p3;
 2 
 3 import com.ssm.annotation.p1.TranscationModel;
 4 
 5 import java.lang.annotation.*;
 6 
 7 @Target(ElementType.METHOD)
 8 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
 9 @Inherited
10 @Documented
11 public @interface MyAnnotation3 {
12     TranscationModel[] models() default TranscationModel.ReadWrite;
13 }
Demo3 
 1 package com.ssm.annotation.p3;
 2 
 3 public class Demo3 {
 4 
 5     public void hello1(@IsNotNull(true) String name) {
 6         System.out.println("hello:" + name);
 7     }
 8 
 9     public void hello2(@IsNotNull String name) {
10         System.out.println("hello:" + name);
11     }
12 }
Demo3Test 
 1 package com.ssm.controllerTest;
 2 
 3 import com.ssm.annotation.p3.Demo3;
 4 import com.ssm.annotation.p3.IsNotNull;
 5 import org.junit.Test;
 6 
 7 import java.lang.reflect.Parameter;
 8 
 9 public class Demo3Test {
10 
11     @Test
12     public void hello1() throws Exception {
13         Demo3 demo3 = new Demo3();
14         for (Parameter parameter : demo3.getClass().getMethod("hello1", String.class).getParameters()) {
15             IsNotNull annotation = parameter.getAnnotation(IsNotNull.class);
16             if (annotation != null) {
17                 System.out.println(annotation.value());//true
18             }
19         }
20     }
21 
22     @Test
23     public void hello2() throws Exception {
24         Demo3 demo3 = new Demo3();
25         for (Parameter parameter : demo3.getClass().getMethod("hello2", String.class).getParameters()) {
26             IsNotNull annotation = parameter.getAnnotation(IsNotNull.class);
27             if (annotation != null) {
28                 System.out.println(annotation.value());//false
29             }
30         }
31     }
32 }

Aop自定義注解的應用

MyLog 
 1 package com.ssm.annotation.springAop;
 2 
 3 import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
 4 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 5 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
 6 import java.lang.annotation.Target;
 7 
 8 @Target(ElementType.METHOD)
 9 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
10 public @interface MyLog {
11     String desc();
12 }
MyLogAspect 
 1 package com.ssm.annotation.springAop;
 2 
 3 import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
 4 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
 5 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
 6 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
 7 import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
 8 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 9 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
10 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
11 
12 @Component
13 @Aspect
14 public class MyLogAspect {
15     private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyLogAspect.class);
16 
17     /**
18      * 只要用到了com.ssmAOP.MyLog這個注解的,就是目標類
19      */
20     @Pointcut("@annotation(com.ssm.annotation.springAop.MyLog)")
21     private void MyValid() {
22     }
23 
24     @Before("MyValid()")
25     public void before(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
26         MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();
27         logger.debug("[" + signature.getName() + " : start.....]");
28 
29         MyLog myLog = signature.getMethod().getAnnotation(MyLog.class);
30         logger.debug("【目標對象方法被調用時候產生的日志,記錄到日志表中】:" + myLog.desc());
31     }
32 }
LogController 
 1 package com.ssm.annotation.springAop;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 4 
 5 @Component
 6 public class LogController {
 7 
 8     @MyLog(desc = "這是結合spring aop知識,講解自定義注解應用的一個案例")
 9     public void testLogAspect() {
10         System.out.println("sout輸出");
11     }
12 }
LogControllerTest 
 1 package com.ssm.controllerTest;
 2 
 3 import com.ssm.BaseTestCase;
 4 import com.ssm.annotation.springAop.LogController;
 5 import org.junit.Test;
 6 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 7 
 8 
 9 
10 public class LogControllerTest extends BaseTestCase {
11     @Autowired
12     private LogController logController;
13 
14     @Test
15     public void testLogAspect(){
16         logController.testLogAspect();
17     }
18 }

 

 


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