0005SpringBoot中用Junit測試實體類中綁定yml中的值

1、編寫SpringBoot的引導類

package springboot_test.springboot_test;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootTestApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringbootTestApplication.class, args);
    }

}

2、編寫普通實體Dog

package springboot_test.springboot_test.bean;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

//普通實體，會做為Person類中的屬性使用，不需要加任何注解
//@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person.dog")
//@Component
public class Dog {
    private String name;
    private String color;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getColor() {
        return color;
    }

    public void setColor(String color) {
        this.color = color;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Dog{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", color='" + color + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

3、編寫需要綁定yml文件中的值的配置類Person

package springboot_test.springboot_test.bean;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.NestedConfigurationProperty;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

//prefix指定使用yml配置文件中的哪部分開頭的數據
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
//該類也做為組件才能使用容器中的其他組件，即才能使用@ConfigurationProperties
@Component
public class Person {
    private String name;
    private String age;
    private Date birthDay;

    private Map map;
    private List list;
    //類中含有其他類的對象，想讓dog在yml編寫的時候也給提示，需要加上該屬性
    @NestedConfigurationProperty
    private Dog dog;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(String age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Date getBirthDay() {
        return birthDay;
    }

    public void setBirthDay(Date birthDay) {
        this.birthDay = birthDay;
    }

    public Map getMap() {
        return map;
    }

    public void setMap(Map map) {
        this.map = map;
    }

    public List getList() {
        return list;
    }

    public void setList(List list) {
        this.list = list;
    }

    public Dog getDog() {
        return dog;
    }

    public void setDog(Dog dog) {
        this.dog = dog;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age='" + age + '\'' +
                ", birthDay=" + birthDay +
                ", map=" + map +
                ", list=" + list +
                ", dog=" + dog +
                '}';
    }
}

4、配置pom.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <!--依賴的父項目，父項目中還會依賴其他父項目來決定使用的jar包的版本-->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>springboot_test</groupId>
    <artifactId>springboot_test</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>springboot_test</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <!--用於引進springmvc等相關jar包，可通過頁面訪問-->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--用於junit測試-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!--用於熱部署-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--配置處理器，當類上加@ConfigurationProperties注解時，需要配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <!--用於使用maven的package功能進行打包-->
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

5、編寫application.yml文件

person:
  name: zhangsan
  age: 18
  birth-day: 2019/11/19
  map: {k1: v1,k2: v2}
  list:
    - pig
    - cat
  dog:
    color: black
    name: 小狗

6、編寫PersonTest.java測試類

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import springboot_test.springboot_test.SpringbootTestApplication;
import springboot_test.springboot_test.bean.Person;

@SpringBootTest(classes = SpringbootTestApplication.class)
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class PersonTest {
    @Autowired
    private Person person;

    @Test
    public void getPerson(){
        System.out.println(person);
    }
}

另外在測試的時候出現了報錯java.lang.Exception: No runnable methods，原因為@Test注解引入的類不對，應該引入org.junit.Test;
還有一個可能的原因是沒有在方法上寫@Test注解

另外，如果綁定的值是在application.properties中配置的，而不是在yml中配置的，則會出現打印結果中文亂碼的問題，application.properties配置如下：

person.name=張三
person.age=18
person.birth-day= 2019/11/19
person.list=a,b,c
person.map.k1=v1
person.map.k2=v2
person.dog.name=小狗
person.dog.color=black

可通過如下所示

 

另外為了通過配置文件給某個類綁定某個屬性值，不應該通過application.properties去綁定，而應該單獨配置一個properties，
但是單獨配置的properties，SpringBoot是無法識別的，需要在綁定的類Person.java上加上如下注解：

@PropertySource(value = "classpath:person.properties")，即
1、resources下新建person.properties文件內容如下：

person.name=張三
person.age=18
person.birth-day= 2019/11/19
person.list=a,b,c
person.map.k1=v1
person.map.k2=v2
person.dog.name=小黃
person.dog.color=black

2、Person.java改為如下：

package springboot_test.springboot_test.bean;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.NestedConfigurationProperty;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

//prefix指定使用yml配置文件中的哪部分開頭的數據
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
//該類也做為組件才能使用容器中的其他組件，即才能使用@ConfigurationProperties
@Component
//作用是使其可以與person.properties文件中的內容，但是，若application.properties中也存在可綁定的內容，
// 則以application.properties中的內容為准，若不存在，才會以person.properties中的內容為准
@PropertySource(value = "classpath:person.properties")
public class Person {
    private String name;
    private String age;
    private Date birthDay;

    private Map map;
    private List list;
    //類中含有其他類的對象，想讓dog在yml編寫的時候也給提示，需要加上該屬性
    @NestedConfigurationProperty
    private Dog dog;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(String age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Date getBirthDay() {
        return birthDay;
    }

    public void setBirthDay(Date birthDay) {
        this.birthDay = birthDay;
    }

    public Map getMap() {
        return map;
    }

    public void setMap(Map map) {
        this.map = map;
    }

    public List getList() {
        return list;
    }

    public void setList(List list) {
        this.list = list;
    }

    public Dog getDog() {
        return dog;
    }

    public void setDog(Dog dog) {
        this.dog = dog;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age='" + age + '\'' +
                ", birthDay=" + birthDay +
                ", map=" + map +
                ", list=" + list +
                ", dog=" + dog +
                '}';
    }
}

如有理解不到位的地方，望指教！