第一種使用@Bean的方式
1、創建一個bean
package com.springbean; public class Person { private String name; private Integer age ; public Person(String name, Integer age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } public String getName() { return name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } @Override public String toString() { return "Person{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}'; } }
2、創建配置類:
import com.springbean.Person;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class PersonConfig {
@Bean
//@Bean("myperson") 這是設置bean的名字
public Person person(){
System.out.println("已經創建實例");
return new Person("張三",20); } }
3、測試
import com.spring.config.PersonConfig; import com.springbean.Person; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext; public class ApplicationTest { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(PersonConfig.class); Person bean = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class); System.out.println(bean);
//獲取bean的類型,默認是方法名,需要修改就在配置類中@Bean里面加上名字
String[] beanNamesForType = applicationContext.getBeanNamesForType(Person.class);
for (String beanType : beanNamesForType){
System.out.println(beanType);
}
}
}
和xml配置文件一樣,默認的bean是單例的,如果需要改變為prototype,xml配置文件里是加上scope="prototype",這里PersonConfig配置類中需要加上注解@Scope("prototype")。
介紹一下bean的幾種類型的作用域。
- singleton:單實例(默認),ioc容器啟動時就會創建對象放到ioc容器中,以后每次獲取都是直接從ioc容器中獲取,ioc容器可以簡單理解為map
- prototype:多實例(原型),ioc容器啟動並不會去調用方法創建對象,而是每次我們獲取對象的時候,才會調用方法去創建。
- requst:同一次請求創建一個實例
- session:同一個session創建一個實例
不加注解測試:
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(PersonConfig.class);
Person bean = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class);
Person bean2 = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class);
System.out.println(bean==bean2);
//打印結果為true
加上注解@Scope("prototype")測試:
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(PersonConfig.class);
Person bean = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class);
Person bean2 = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class);
System.out.println(bean==bean2);
//打印結果為fale
我們也可以改變單例時ioc加載的時候就創建實例,只要在我們的PersonConfig配置類中加上@Lazy注解,使用懶加載。測試
public class ApplicationTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(PersonConfig.class);
/* Person bean = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class);
Person bean2 = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class);
System.out.println(bean==bean2);*/
/*
String[] beanNamesForType = applicationContext.getBeanNamesForType(Person.class);
for (String beanType : beanNamesForType){
System.out.println(beanType);
}*/
}
}
這是時打印欄將不會打印出“已經創建實例”,就實現的單例情況下的懶加載。
第二種使用@import注解的方式
新建一個student類
public class Student { }
在配置類PersonConfig上使用@Import注解,這里面可以傳入一個數組,用大括號{}
@Configuration
@Import({Student.class})
public class PersonConfig {
測試:
public class DemoTest { ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(PersonConfig.class); @Test public void test(){ Student bean = applicationContext.getBean(Student.class); System.out.println(bean); } }
打印結果:com.springbean.Student@2c34f934 ,注入成功
還可以在@Import中加入ImportSelector的實現類來實現bean的注入
創建Parent和Teacher類
public class Parent { } public class Teacher { }
創建ImportSelector的實現類MyImportSelector,返回需要注入的bean,這里是全類名
public class myImportSelector implements ImportSelector{ @Override public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) { return new String[]{"com.springbean.Parent","com.springbean.Teacher"}; } }
修改PersonConfig,這里傳入實現類MyImportSelector
@Configuration
@Import({Student.class, myImportSelector.class})
public class PersonConfig {
測試:
Parent parent = applicationContext.getBean(Parent.class);
Teacher teacher = applicationContext.getBean(Teacher.class);
System.out.println(parent);
System.out.println(teacher);
打印結果:
com.springbean.Parent@3b2cf7ab
com.springbean.Teacher@2aa5fe93
第三種使用@ComponentScan的方式:
@Configuration @ComponentScan("com.springbean") public class MainBeanConfig { }
指定需要掃描包的路徑,相應的類中加上組件注解。
