Elasticsearch 7.x文檔基本操作（CRUD）

官方文檔：
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/docs.html

1、添加文檔

1.1、指定文檔ID

PUT blog/_doc/1
{
  "title":"1、VMware Workstation虛擬機軟件安裝圖解",
  "author":"chengyuqiang",
  "content":"1、VMware Workstation虛擬機軟件安裝圖解...",
  "url":"http://x.co/6nc81"
}

Elasticsearch服務會返回一個JSON格式的響應。

{
  "_index" : "blog",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "result" : "created",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 0,
  "_primary_term" : 2
}

響應結果說明：

• _index：文檔所在的索引名
• _type：文檔所在的類型名
• _id：文檔ID
• _version：文檔的版本
• result：created已經創建
• _shards： _shards表示索引操作的復制過程的信息。
• total：指示應在其上執行索引操作的分片副本（主分片和副本分片）的數量。
• successful：表示索引操作成功的分片副本數。
• failed：在副本分片上索引操作失敗的情況下包含復制相關錯誤。

1.2、不指定文檔ID
添加文檔時可以不指定文檔id，則文檔id是自動生成的字符串。注意，需要使用POST方法，而不是PUT方法。

POST blog/_doc
{
  "title":"2、Linux服務器安裝圖解",
  "author":"chengyuqiang",
  "content":"2、Linux服務器安裝圖解解...",
  "url":"http://x.co/6nc82"
}

{
  "_index" : "blog",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "5P2-O2gBNSQY7o-KMw2P",
  "_version" : 1,
  "result" : "created",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 1,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

2、獲取文檔

2.1、通過文檔id獲取指定的文檔

GET blog/_doc/1

{
  "_index" : "blog",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "title" : "1、VMware Workstation虛擬機軟件安裝圖解",
    "author" : "chengyuqiang",
    "content" : "1、VMware Workstation虛擬機軟件安裝圖解...",
    "url" : "http://x.co/6nc81"
  }
}

響應結果說明：

• found值為true，表明查詢到該文檔
• _source字段是文檔的內容

2.2、文檔不存在的情況

GET blog/_doc/2

{
  "_index" : "blog",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "2",
  "found" : false
}

found字段值為false表明查詢的文檔不存在。
2.3、判定文檔是否存在

HEAD blog/_doc/1

200 - OK

3、更新文檔

3.1、更改id為1的文檔，刪除了author，修改content字段。

PUT blog/_doc/1
{
  "title":"1、VMware Workstation虛擬機軟件安裝圖解",
  "content":"下載得到VMware-workstation-full-15.0.2-10952284.exe可執行文件...",
  "url":"http://x.co/6nc81"
}

{
  "_index" : "blog",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 2,
  "result" : "updated",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 1,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

_version更新為2

查看該文檔

GET blog/_doc/1

{
  "_index" : "blog",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 2,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "title" : "1、VMware Workstation虛擬機軟件安裝圖解",
    "content" : "下載得到VMware-workstation-full-15.0.2-10952284.exe可執行文件...",
    "url" : "http://x.co/6nc81"
  }
}

3.2、添加文檔時，防止覆蓋已存在的文檔，可以通過_create加以限制。

PUT blog/_doc/1/_create
{
  "title":"1、VMware Workstation虛擬機軟件安裝圖解",
  "content":"下載得到VMware-workstation-full-15.0.2-10952284.exe可執行文件...",
  "url":"http://x.co/6nc81"
}

該文檔已經存在，添加失敗。

{
  "error": {
    "root_cause": [
      {
        "type": "version_conflict_engine_exception",
        "reason": "[_doc][1]: version conflict, document already exists (current version [2])",
        "index_uuid": "GqC2fSqPS06GRfTLmh1TLg",
        "shard": "1",
        "index": "blog"
      }
    ],
    "type": "version_conflict_engine_exception",
    "reason": "[_doc][1]: version conflict, document already exists (current version [2])",
    "index_uuid": "GqC2fSqPS06GRfTLmh1TLg",
    "shard": "1",
    "index": "blog"
  },
  "status": 409
}

3.3、更新文檔的字段
通過腳本更新制定字段，其中ctx是腳本語言中的一個執行對象，先獲取_source，再修改content字段

POST blog/_doc/1/_update
{
  "script": {
    "source": "ctx._source.content=\"從官網下載VMware-workstation，雙擊可執行文件進行安裝...\""  
  } 
}

 響應結果如下：

{
  "_index" : "blog",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 3,
  "result" : "updated",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 2,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

再次獲取文檔GET blog/_doc/1，響應結果如下

{
  "_index" : "blog",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 3,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "title" : "1、VMware Workstation虛擬機軟件安裝圖解",
    "content" : "從官網下載VMware-workstation，雙擊可執行文件進行安裝...",
    "url" : "http://x.co/6nc81"
  }
}

3.4、添加字段

POST blog/_doc/1/_update
{
  "script": {
    "source": "ctx._source.author=\"chengyuqiang\""  
  } 
}

再次獲取文檔GET blog/_doc/1，響應結果如下

{
  "_index" : "blog",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 4,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "title" : "1、VMware Workstation虛擬機軟件安裝圖解",
    "content" : "從官網下載VMware-workstation，雙擊可執行文件進行安裝...",
    "url" : "http://x.co/6nc81",
    "author" : "chengyuqiang"
  }
}

3.5、刪除字段

POST blog/_doc/1/_update
{
  "script": {
    "source": "ctx._source.remove(\"url\")"  
  } 
}

再次獲取文檔GET blog/_doc/1，響應結果如下

{
  "_index" : "blog",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 5,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "title" : "1、VMware Workstation虛擬機軟件安裝圖解",
    "content" : "從官網下載VMware-workstation，雙擊可執行文件進行安裝...",
    "author" : "chengyuqiang"
  }
}

4、刪除文檔

DELETE blog/_doc/1

{
  "_index" : "blog",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 6,
  "result" : "deleted",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 6,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

再次判定該文檔是否存在，執行HEAD blog/_doc/1，響應結果404 - Not Found

5、批量操作

如果文檔數量非常龐大，商業運維中都是海量數據，一個一個操作文檔顯然不合實際。幸運的是ElasticSearch提供了文檔的批量操作機制。我們已經知道mget允許一次性檢索多個文檔，ElasticSearch提供了Bulk API，可以執行批量索引、批量刪除、批量更新等操作，也就是說Bulk API允許使用在單個步驟中進行多次 create 、 index 、 update 或 delete 請求。

bulk 與其他的請求體格式稍有不同，bulk請求格式如下：

{ action: { metadata }}\n
{ request body        }\n
{ action: { metadata }}\n
{ request body        }\n
...

這種格式類似一個有效的單行 JSON 文檔 流 ，它通過換行符(\n)連接到一起。注意兩個要點：

• 每行一定要以換行符(\n)結尾， 包括最后一行 。這些換行符被用作一個標記，可以有效分隔行。
• 這些行不能包含未轉義的換行符，因為他們將會對解析造成干擾。這意味着這個 JSON 不 能使用 pretty 參數打印。
• action/metadata 行指定 哪一個文檔 做 什么操作 。metadata 應該 指定被索引、創建、更新或者刪除的文檔的 _index 、 _type 和 _id 。
• request body 行由文檔的 _source 本身組成–文檔包含的字段和值。它是 index 和 create 操作所必需的。

5.1、批量導入

POST /_bulk
{ "create": { "_index": "blog", "_type": "_doc", "_id": "1" }}
{ "title": "1、VMware Workstation虛擬機軟件安裝圖解" ,"author":"chengyuqiang","content":"官網下載VMware-workstation，雙擊可執行文件進行安裝" , "url":"http://x.co/6nc81" }
{ "create": { "_index": "blog", "_type": "_doc", "_id": "2" }}
{ "title":  "2、Linux服務器安裝圖解" ,"author":  "chengyuqiang" ,"content": "VMware模擬Linux服務器安裝圖解" , "url": "http://x.co/6nc82" }
{ "create": { "_index": "blog", "_type": "_doc", "_id": "3" }}
{ "title":  "3、Xshell 6 個人版安裝與遠程操作連接服務器" , "author": "chengyuqiang" ,"content": "Xshell 6 個人版安裝與遠程操作連接服務器..." , "url": "http://x.co/6nc84" }

這個 Elasticsearch 響應包含 items 數組， 這個數組的內容是以請求的順序列出來的每個請求的結果。

{
  "took" : 132,
  "errors" : false,
  "items" : [
    {
      "create" : {
        "_index" : "blog",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_version" : 7,
        "result" : "created",
        "_shards" : {
          "total" : 2,
          "successful" : 1,
          "failed" : 0
        },
        "_seq_no" : 7,
        "_primary_term" : 1,
        "status" : 201
      }
    },
    {
      "create" : {
        "_index" : "blog",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_version" : 1,
        "result" : "created",
        "_shards" : {
          "total" : 2,
          "successful" : 1,
          "failed" : 0
        },
        "_seq_no" : 8,
        "_primary_term" : 1,
        "status" : 201
      }
    },
    {
      "create" : {
        "_index" : "blog",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_version" : 1,
        "result" : "created",
        "_shards" : {
          "total" : 2,
          "successful" : 1,
          "failed" : 0
        },
        "_seq_no" : 0,
        "_primary_term" : 1,
        "status" : 201
      }
    }
  ]
}

5.2、批量操作，包括刪除、更新、新增

POST /_bulk
{ "delete": { "_index": "blog", "_type": "_doc", "_id": "1" }}
{ "update": { "_index": "blog", "_type": "_doc", "_id": "3", "retry_on_conflict" : 3} }
{ "doc" : {"title" : "Xshell教程"} }
{ "index": { "_index": "blog", "_type": "_doc", "_id": "4" }}
{ "title": "4、CentOS 7.x基本設置" ,"author":"chengyuqiang","content":"CentOS 7.x基本設置","url":"http://x.co/6nc85" }
{ "create": { "_index": "blog", "_type": "_doc", "_id": "5" }}
{ "title": "5、圖解Linux下JDK安裝與環境變量配置","author":"chengyuqiang" ,"content": "圖解JDK安裝配置" , "url": "http://x.co/6nc86" }

在7.0版本中，retry_on_conflict參數取代了之前的_retry_on_conflict

{
  "took" : 125,
  "errors" : false,
  "items" : [
    {
      "delete" : {
        "_index" : "blog",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_version" : 2,
        "result" : "deleted",
        "_shards" : {
          "total" : 2,
          "successful" : 1,
          "failed" : 0
        },
        "_seq_no" : 3,
        "_primary_term" : 1,
        "status" : 200
      }
    },
    {
      "update" : {
        "_index" : "blog",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_version" : 2,
        "result" : "updated",
        "_shards" : {
          "total" : 2,
          "successful" : 1,
          "failed" : 0
        },
        "_seq_no" : 4,
        "_primary_term" : 1,
        "status" : 200
      }
    },
    {
      "index" : {
        "_index" : "blog",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_version" : 1,
        "result" : "created",
        "_shards" : {
          "total" : 2,
          "successful" : 1,
          "failed" : 0
        },
        "_seq_no" : 1,
        "_primary_term" : 1,
        "status" : 201
      }
    },
    {
      "create" : {
        "_index" : "blog",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "5",
        "_version" : 1,
        "result" : "created",
        "_shards" : {
          "total" : 2,
          "successful" : 1,
          "failed" : 0
        },
        "_seq_no" : 5,
        "_primary_term" : 1,
        "status" : 201
      }
    }
  ]
}

6、批量獲取

GET blog/_doc/_mget
{
    "ids" : ["1", "2","3"]
}

id為1的文檔已經刪除，所以沒有搜索到

{
  "docs" : [
    {
      "_index" : "blog",
      "_type" : "_doc",
      "_id" : "1",
      "found" : false
    },
    {
      "_index" : "blog",
      "_type" : "_doc",
      "_id" : "2",
      "_version" : 1,
      "found" : true,
      "_source" : {
        "title" : "2、Linux服務器安裝圖解",
        "author" : "chengyuqiang",
        "content" : "VMware模擬Linux服務器安裝圖解",
        "url" : "http://x.co/6nc82"
      }
    },
    {
      "_index" : "blog",
      "_type" : "_doc",
      "_id" : "3",
      "_version" : 2,
      "found" : true,
      "_source" : {
        "title" : "Xshell教程",
        "author" : "chengyuqiang",
        "content" : "Xshell 6 個人版安裝與遠程操作連接服務器...",
        "url" : "http://x.co/6nc84"
      }
    }
  ]
}

7、簡單搜索

這里介紹一下簡單的文檔搜索操作，后面章節會詳細介紹。
7.1、詞項查詢， 也稱term查詢

GET blog/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "title": "centos"
    }
  }
}

{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 2,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 0.71023846,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "blog",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "4",
        "_score" : 0.71023846,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "4、CentOS 7.x基本設置",
          "author" : "chengyuqiang",
          "content" : "CentOS 7.x基本設置",
          "url" : "http://x.co/6nc85"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

GET blog/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "title": "遠程"
    }
  }
}

{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 2,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 0,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : null,
    "hits" : [ ]
  }
}

GET blog/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "title": "程"
    }
  }
}

{
  "took" : 2,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 2,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.3486402,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "blog",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 1.3486402,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "Xshell教程",
          "author" : "chengyuqiang",
          "content" : "Xshell 6 個人版安裝與遠程操作連接服務器...",
          "url" : "http://x.co/6nc84"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

7.2、匹配查詢，也稱match查詢
與term精確查詢不同，對於match查詢，只要被查詢字段中存在任何一個詞項被匹配，就會搜索到該文檔。

GET blog/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": {
        "query": "遠程"
      }
    }
  }
}

{
  "took" : 9,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 2,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.3486402,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "blog",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 1.3486402,
        "_source" : {
          "title" : "Xshell教程",
          "author" : "chengyuqiang",
          "content" : "Xshell 6 個人版安裝與遠程操作連接服務器...",
          "url" : "http://x.co/6nc84"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

8、路由機制

當你索引（動詞，對該文檔建立倒排索引）一個文檔，它被存儲到master節點上的一個主分片上。

Elasticsearch是如何知道文檔屬於哪個分片的呢？當你創建一個新文檔，它是如何知道是應該存儲在分片1還是分片2上的呢？
解答這個問題，我們需要了解Elasticsearch的路由機制。
簡單地說，Elasticsearch將具有相關Hash值的文檔存放到同一個主分片中，分片位置計算算法如下：

shard = hash(routing) % number_of_primary_shards

算法說明：

• routing值是一個字符串，它默認是文檔_id，也可以自定義。這個routing字符串通過哈希函數生成一個數字，然后除以主切片的數量得到一個余數(remainder)，余數的范圍是[0 , number_of_primary_shards-1]，這個數字就是特定文檔所在的分片。
• 之前我們介紹過，創建索引時需要指定主分片數量，該不能修改。這是因為如果主分片的數量在未來改變了，所有先前的路由值就失效了，文檔也就永遠找不到了。
• 該算法基本可以保證所有文檔在所有分片上平均分布，不會導致數據分布不均（數據傾斜）的情況。
• 默認情況下，routing值是文檔的_id。我們創建文檔時可以指定id的值；如果不指定id時，Elasticsearch將隨機生成文檔的_id值。這將導致在查詢文檔時，Elasticsearch不能確定文檔的位置，需要將請求廣播到所有的分片節點上。

假設我們有一個10個分片的索引。當一個請求在集群上執行時基本過程如下：

• 這個搜索的請求會被發送到一個節點。
• 接收到這個請求的節點，將這個查詢廣播到這個索引的每個分片上（可能是主分片，也可能是復制分片）。
• 每個分片執行這個搜索查詢並返回結果。
• 結果在通道節點上合並、排序並返回給用戶。

了解Elasticsearch的路由機制后，我們可以在創建某一類文檔時指定文檔的路由值，這樣ElasticSearch就知道在處理這一類文檔時，如何定位到正確的分片。比如，把某一特定類型的書籍存儲到特定的分片上去，這樣在搜索這一類書籍的時候就可以避免搜索其它的分片，也就避免了多個分片搜索結果的合並。路由機制向 Elasticsearch提供一種信息來決定哪些分片用於存儲和查詢。同一個路由值將映射到同一個分片。這基本上就是在說：“通過使用用戶提供的路由值，就可以做到定向存儲，定向搜索。

所有的文檔API（GET、INDEX、DELETE、BULK、UPDATE、MGET）都接收一個routing參數，它用來自定義文檔到分片的映射。添加routing參數形式與URL參數形式相同url?參數名=參數值。

PUT blog/_doc/1?routing=haron
{
  "title":"1、VMware安裝",
  "author":"hadron",
  "content":"VMware Workstation虛擬機軟件安裝圖解...",
  "url":"http://x.co/6nc81"
}

{
  "_index" : "blog",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "result" : "created",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 12,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

GET blog/_doc/1?routing=hardon

{
  "_index" : "blog",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "_routing" : "hardon",
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "title" : "1、VMware安裝",
    "author" : "hadron",
    "content" : "VMware Workstation虛擬機軟件安裝圖解...",
    "url" : "http://x.co/6nc81"
  }
}

注意：自定義routing值可以造成數據分布不均的情況。例如用戶hadron的文檔非常多，有數十萬個，而其他大多數用戶的文檔只有數個到數十個，這樣將導致hadron所在的分片較大。

9、版本控制

參考文檔
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/guide/2.x/version-control.html
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/guide/2.x/optimistic-concurrency-control.html

https://elasticsearch.cn/book/elasticsearch_definitive_guide_2.x/version-control.html
https://elasticsearch.cn/book/elasticsearch_definitive_guide_2.x/optimistic-concurrency-control.html

PUT website
{
    "settings" : {
        "index" : {
            "number_of_shards" : 1,
            "number_of_replicas" : 1
        }
    }
}

PUT /website/_doc/1/_create
{
  "title": "My first blog entry",
  "text":  "Just trying this out..."
}

GET website/_doc/1

{
  "_index" : "website",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "title" : "My first blog entry",
    "text" : "Just trying this out..."
  }
}

PUT website/_doc/1?version=1
{
  "title": "My first blog entry",
  "text":  "Starting to get the hang of this..."
}

{
  "_index" : "website",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 2,
  "result" : "updated",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 1,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

例如，要創建一個新的具有外部版本號 5 的博客文章，我們可以按以下方法進行：

PUT /website/_doc/2?version=5&version_type=external
{
  "title": "My first external blog entry",
  "text":  "Starting to get the hang of this..."
}

在響應中，我們能看到當前的 _version 版本號是 5 ：

{
  "_index" : "website",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "2",
  "_version" : 5,
  "result" : "created",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 2,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

現在我們更新這個文檔，指定一個新的 version 號是 10 ：

PUT /website/_doc/2?version=10&version_type=external
{
  "title": "My first external blog entry",
  "text":  "This is a piece of cake..."
}

請求成功並將當前 _version 設為 10 ：

{
  "_index" : "website",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "2",
  "_version" : 10,
  "result" : "updated",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 3,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

如果你要重新運行此請求時，它將會失敗，並返回像我們之前看到的同樣的沖突錯誤， 因為指定的外部版本號不大於 Elasticsearch 的當前版本號。

{
  "error": {
    "root_cause": [
      {
        "type": "version_conflict_engine_exception",
        "reason": "[_doc][2]: version conflict, current version [10] is higher or equal to the one provided [10]",
        "index_uuid": "5616aEUkQ7yvQIYUDyLudg",
        "shard": "0",
        "index": "website"
      }
    ],
    "type": "version_conflict_engine_exception",
    "reason": "[_doc][2]: version conflict, current version [10] is higher or equal to the one provided [10]",
    "index_uuid": "5616aEUkQ7yvQIYUDyLudg",
    "shard": "0",
    "index": "website"
  },
  "status": 409
}

10、refresh

10.1、立即刷新，文檔可見

這些將創建一個文檔並立即刷新索引，使其可見：

DELETE test
PUT test/_doc/1?refresh
{"message": "測試文檔1"}
PUT test/_doc/2?refresh=true
{"message": "測試文檔2"}

10.2、不刷新

這些將創建一個文檔而不做任何使搜索可見的內容：

PUT test/_doc/3
{"message": "測試文檔3"}
PUT test/_doc/4?refresh=false
{"message": "測試文檔4"}

10.3、等待刷新可見

PUT test/_doc/5?refresh=wait_for
{"message": "測試文檔5"}