Spring Boot中快速操作Mongodb

在Spring Boot中集成Mongodb非常簡單，只需要加入Mongodb的Starter包即可，代碼如下：

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId>
</dependency>
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然后配置Mongodb的連接信息：

spring.data.mongodb.uri=mongodb://192.168.0.13/test
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完整配置信息請參考下面：

spring.data.mongodb.authentication-database= # Authentication database name.
spring.data.mongodb.database= # Database name.
spring.data.mongodb.field-naming-strategy= # Fully qualified name of the FieldNamingStrategy to use.
spring.data.mongodb.grid-fs-database= # GridFS database name.
spring.data.mongodb.host= # Mongo server host. Cannot be set with URI.
spring.data.mongodb.password= # Login password of the mongo server. Cannot be set with URI.
spring.data.mongodb.port= # Mongo server port. Cannot be set with URI.
spring.data.mongodb.repositories.type=auto # Type of Mongo repositories to enable.
spring.data.mongodb.uri=mongodb://localhost/test # Mongo database URI. Cannot be set with host, port and credentials.
spring.data.mongodb.username= # Login user of the mongo server. Cannot be set with URI.
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配置好了之后就直接可以注入MongoTemplate操作數據了

添加數據

首先創建一個實體類，我們這邊用文章來做實體類，定義如下字段:

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Document;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Field;
/**
 * 文章信息
 * @author yinjihuan
 *
 */
@Document(collection = "article_info")
public class Article {
    @Id
    private String id;
    @Field("title")
    private String title;
    @Field("url")
    private String url;
    @Field("author")
    private String author;
    @Field("tags")
    private List<String> tags;
    @Field("visit_count")
    private Long visitCount;
    @Field("add_time")
    private Date addTime;
    
    //省略get set方法
}
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實體類中的注解解釋如下： 1.Document注解標識這是一個文檔，等同mysql中的表,collection值表示mongodb中集合的名稱，不寫默認為實體類名article。 2.Id注解為主鍵標識 3.Field注解為字段標識，指定值為字段名稱，這邊有個小技巧，之所有spring-data.mongodb中有這樣的注解，是為了能夠讓用戶自定義字段名稱，可以和實體類不一致，還有個好處就是可以用縮寫，比如username我們可以配置成unane或者un,這樣的好處是節省了存儲空間，mongodb的存儲方式是key value形式的，每個key就會重復存儲，key其實就占了很大一份存儲空間。

接下來可以操作數據庫了，接着上次，在測試類里寫代碼

@Autowired
private MongoTemplate mongoTemplate;

/**
 * 初始化文章信息
 * @author yinjihuan
 */
public static void initArticle() {
    //循環添加
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        Article article = new Article();
        article.setTitle("MongoTemplate的基本使用");
	    article.setAuthor("yinjihuan");
	    article.setUrl("http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/" + i);
	    article.setTags(Arrays.asList("java", "mongodb", "spring"));
	    article.setVisitCount(0L);
	    article.setAddTime(new Date());
	    mongoTemplate.save(article);
    }
    
    //批量添加
    List<Article> articles = new ArrayList<>(10);
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
	    Article article = new Article();
	    article.setTitle("MongoTemplate的基本使用");
	    article.setAuthor("yinjihuan");
	    article.setUrl("http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/" + i);
	    article.setTags(Arrays.asList("java", "mongodb", "spring"));
	    article.setVisitCount(0L);
	    article.setAddTime(new Date());
	    articles.add(article);
    }
    mongoTemplate.insert(articles, Article.class);
  
}
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在數據量大的情況下批量添加性能會更好哦。

刪除操作

//刪除author為yinjihuan的數據
Query query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
mongoTemplate.remove(query, Article.class);
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//如果實體類中沒配集合名詞，可在刪除的時候單獨指定article_info
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
mongoTemplate.remove(query, "article_info");
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//刪除集合，可傳實體類，也可以傳名稱
mongoTemplate.dropCollection(Article.class);
mongoTemplate.dropCollection("article_info");
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//刪除數據庫
mongoTemplate.getDb().dropDatabase();
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下面這2種適合要知道刪除的數據有哪些的場景，比如記錄刪除的記錄

//查詢出符合條件的第一個結果，並將符合條件的數據刪除,只會刪除第一條
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
Article article = mongoTemplate.findAndRemove(query, Article.class);
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//查詢出符合條件的所有結果，並將符合條件的所有數據刪除
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
List<Article> articles = mongoTemplate.findAllAndRemove(query, Article.class);
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修改操作

首先初始化需要修改的數據

{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc48"),
    "title": "MongoTemplate的基本使用",
    "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/0",
    "author": "yinjihuan",
    "tags": [
        "java",
        "mongodb",
        "spring"
    ],
    "visit_count": 0,
    "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:21.881Z")
}
{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc49"),
    "title": "MongoTemplate的基本使用",
    "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/1",
    "author": "yinjihuan",
    "tags": [
        "java",
        "mongodb",
        "spring"
    ],
    "visit_count": 0,
    "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:22.201Z")
}
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---

//修改第一條author為yinjihuan的數據中的title和visitCount
Query query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
Update update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").set("visitCount", 10);
mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, update, Article.class);
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修改后結果如下,我們會發現第一條數據的title還有visit_count被修改了

{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc48"),
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/0",
    "author": "yinjihuan",
    "tags": [
        "java",
        "mongodb",
        "spring"
    ],
    "visit_count": 10,
    "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:21.881Z")
}
{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc49"),
    "title": "MongoTemplate的基本使用",
    "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/1",
    "author": "yinjihuan",
    "tags": [
        "java",
        "mongodb",
        "spring"
    ],
    "visit_count": 0,
    "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:22.201Z")
}
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---

//修改全部符合條件的
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").set("visitCount", 10);
mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);
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修改后結果如下,我們會發現所有數據的title還有visit_count被修改了

{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc48"),
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/0",
    "author": "yinjihuan",
    "tags": [
        "java",
        "mongodb",
        "spring"
    ],
    "visit_count": 10,
    "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:21.881Z")
}
{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc49"),
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/1",
    "author": "yinjihuan",
    "tags": [
        "java",
        "mongodb",
        "spring"
    ],
    "visit_count": 10,
    "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:22.201Z")
}
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---

//特殊更新，更新author為jason的數據，如果沒有author為jason的數據則以此條件創建一條新的數據
//當沒有符合條件的文檔，就以這個條件和更新文檔為基礎創建一個新的文檔，如果找到匹配的文檔就正常的更新。
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("jason"));
update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").set("visitCount", 10);
mongoTemplate.upsert(query, update, Article.class);
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修改后結果如下,我們會發現新增了一條數據

{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc48"),
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/0",
    "author": "yinjihuan",
    "tags": [
        "java",
        "mongodb",
        "spring"
    ],
    "visit_count": 10,
    "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:21.881Z")
}
{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc49"),
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/1",
    "author": "yinjihuan",
    "tags": [
        "java",
        "mongodb",
        "spring"
    ],
    "visit_count": 10,
    "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:22.201Z")
}
{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"),
    "author": "jason",
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "visit_count": 10
}
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---

//更新條件不變，更新字段改成了一個我們集合中不存在的，用set方法如果更新的key不存在則創建一個新的key
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("jason"));
update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").set("money", 100);
mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);
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修改后結果如下,我們會發現新加了一個key

{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"),
    "author": "jason",
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "visit_count": 10,
    "money":100
}
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---

//update的inc方法用於做累加操作，將money在之前的基礎上加上100
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("jason"));
update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").inc("money", 100);
mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);
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修改后結果如下,我們會發現money變成200

{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"),
    "author": "jason",
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "visit_count": 10,
    "money":200
}
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---

//update的rename方法用於修改key的名稱
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("jason"));
update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").rename("visitCount", "vc");
mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);
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{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"),
    "author": "jason",
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "vc": 10,
    "money":200
}
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---

//update的unset方法用於刪除key
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("jason"));
update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").unset("vc");
mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);
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修改后結果如下,我們會發現vc這個key被刪除了

{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"),
    "author": "jason",
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "money":200
}
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---

//update的pull方法用於刪除tags數組中的java
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
update = Update.update("title", "MongoTemplate").pull("tags", "java");
mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, Article.class);
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修改后結果如下,我們會發現tags里的java被刪除了

{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc48"),
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/0",
    "author": "yinjihuan",
    "tags": [
        "mongodb",
        "spring"
    ],
    "visit_count": 10,
    "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:21.881Z")
}
{
    "_id": ObjectId("57c43caed4c63d7e39b5dc49"),
    "title": "MongoTemplate",
    "url": "http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/1",
    "author": "yinjihuan",
    "tags": [
        "mongodb",
        "spring"
    ],
    "visit_count": 10,
    "add_time": ISODate("2016-08-29T13:46:22.201Z")
}
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查詢操作

查詢，無論是關系型數據庫還是mongodb這種nosql，都是使用比較多的，大部分操作都是讀的操作。 mongodb的查詢方式很多種，下面只列了一些常用的，比如： 1.=查詢 2.模糊查詢 3.大於小於范圍查詢 4.in查詢 5.or查詢 6.查詢一條，查詢全部 7.自己慢慢學習...

根據作者查詢所有符合條件的數據，返回List

 

Query query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
List<Article> articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
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---

只查詢符合條件的第一條數據，返回Article對象

query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
Article article = mongoTemplate.findOne(query, Article.class);
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---

查詢集合中所有數據，不加條件

articles = mongoTemplate.findAll(Article.class);
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---

查詢符合條件的數量

query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").is("yinjihuan"));
long count = mongoTemplate.count(query, Article.class);
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---

根據主鍵ID查詢

article = mongoTemplate.findById(new ObjectId("57c6e1601e4735b2c306cdb7"), Article.class);
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in查詢

List<String> authors = Arrays.asList("yinjihuan", "jason");
query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").in(authors));
articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
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---

ne（!=）查詢

query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").ne("yinjihuan"));
articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
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---

lt(<)查詢訪問量小於10的文章

query = Query.query(Criteria.where("visitCount").lt(10));
articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
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---

范圍查詢，大於5小於10

query = Query.query(Criteria.where("visitCount").gt(5).lt(10));
articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
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---

模糊查詢，author中包含a的數據

query = Query.query(Criteria.where("author").regex("a"));
articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
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---

數組查詢，查詢tags里數量為3的數據

query = Query.query(Criteria.where("tags").size(3));
articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);
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---

or查詢，查詢author=jason的或者visitCount=0的數據

query = Query.query(Criteria.where("").orOperator(
    Criteria.where("author").is("jason"),
    Criteria.where("visitCount").is(0)));
articles = mongoTemplate.find(query, Article.class);