安裝postgresql11.5

 

root身份安裝

創建用戶

編譯安裝成功后，接下來要做的就是創建一個普通用戶，因為默認超級用戶（root）不能啟動postgresql，所以需要創建一個普通用戶來啟動數據庫，執行以下命令創建用戶：

[root@localhost build_dir]# groupadd postgres
[root@localhost build_dir]# useradd -g postgres postgres
[root@localhost build_dir]# passwd postgres

接下來設置權限，將pg的數據目錄全部賦給postgres用戶，執行以下命令：

[root@localhost build_dir]# chown -R postgres:postgres /usr/local/pgsql

創建目錄

[root@localhost build_dir]# mkdir -p /mnt/db1/pgdata/pgsql /mnt/db1/pgdata/pgtbs /mnt/db1/archivelog /backups
[root@localhost build_dir]# chmod -R 775 /mnt/db1
[root@localhost build_dir]# chown -R postgres:postgres /mnt/db1

設置環境變量

[root@localhost build_dir]# vi /home/postgres/.bash_profile

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

export PATH

export PGPORT=8432
export PGHOME=/usr/local/pgsql
export PGDATA=/mnt/db1/pgdata/pgsql
export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH
export MANPATH=$PGHOME/share/man:$MANPATH
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export DATE='date +"%Y%m%d%H%M"'
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGHOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PGHOST=$PGDATA
export PGUSER=postgres
export PGDATABASE=postgres

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:$PGHOME/bin
export PATH

執行如下命令使其生效：

[root@localhost build_dir]# source /home/postgres/.bash_profile

 

 

 

 

 

 

准備

由於centos自帶的版本不夠高，直接安裝postgresql會報錯，所以先給llvm和clang升級
# wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
# yum localinstall epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm 
# yum install llvm5.0 llvm5.0-devel clang

yum install -y 
gcc gcc-c++  
openssl openssl-devel
readline readline-devel 
zlib zlib-devel 
llvm5.0 llvm5.0-devel 
libxml2-devel 
libxslt-devel 
libicu-devel 

python-devel
tcl-devel 
systemd-devel 
openldap-devel 
pam-devel 

clang 
perl-ExtUtils-Embed 
epel-release 

實際執行：

yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ epel-release llvm5.0 llvm5.0-devel clang libicu-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed readline readline-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pam-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel openldap-devel systemd-devel tcl-devel python-devel

但是公司centos6.3電腦上：無法安裝systemd-devel，llvm5.0 ，llvm5.0-devel

 

 

configure

# cd build_dir/
vim ../src/Makefile.global.in
修改以下行：
COMPILE.c.bc = $(CLANG) -Wno-ignored-attributes $(BITCODE_CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -flto=thin -emit-llvm -c
修改為：
COMPILE.c.bc = $(CLANG) -Wno-ignored-attributes $(BITCODE_CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -emit-llvm -c

-- --prefix 指定默認安裝路徑
[root@localhost build_dir]# ../configure 
--prefix=/usr/local/pgsql 
--enable-nls 
--with-perl 
--with-python 
--with-tcl 
--with-gssapi 
--with-llvm LLVM_CONFIG='/usr/lib64/llvm5.0/bin/llvm-config' 
--with-icu 
--with-openssl 
--with-pam 
--with-ldap 
--with-systemd 
--with-libxml 
--with-libxslt


#configure 命令完成后，會發現創建了 config.status 配置文件
# 實際執行：
./configure --prefix=/home/cdrom/work/postgresql11_5432 --enable-nls --with-perl --with-python --with-tcl --with-gssapi --with-llvm LLVM_CONFIG='/usr/lib64/llvm5.0/bin/llvm-config' --with-icu --with-openssl --with-pam --with-ldap --with-systemd --with-libxml --with-libxslt

 

 

make
make install

 

 

 

 

初始化數據庫

切換用戶
[root@localhost build_dir]# su - postgres
初始化數據庫
[postgres@localhost ~]$ initdb -D $PGDATA -U postgres --locale=en_US.UTF8 -E UTF8

    修改監聽地址 將listen_addresses的值設置成*，使其監聽整個網絡，端口號默認是5432，也可以自己設置。

[postgres@localhost ~]$ vim /mnt/db1/pgdata/pgsql/postgresql.conf
修改內容:
listen_addresses = '*'
unix_socket_directories = '.'
port = 8432

    修改客戶端認證方式

[postgres@localhost ~]$ vim /mnt/db1/pgdata/pgsql/pg_hba.conf
添加內容：
host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5 # 其他用戶登陸

設置防火牆規則

#切換回root用戶
[postgres@localhost ~]$ exit
[root@localhost build_dir]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8432/tcp --permanent
[root@localhost build_dir]# firewall-cmd --reload

啟動數據庫

[root@localhost build_dir]# su - postgres
啟動
[postgres@localhost ~]$ pg_ctl -D /mnt/db1/pgdata/pgsql -l /mnt/db1/archivelog/pgsql.log start
停止
[root@localhost postgres]# pg_ctl -D /mnt/db1/pgdata/pgsql/ -s -m fast stop

連接測試

[postgres@localhost ~]$ psql
查詢所有用戶
postgres=# select * from pg_user;
postgres=# select * from pg_roles;
查詢權限
postgres=# select * from information_schema.table_privileges where grantee='cc';
查看有哪些數據庫
postgres=# \l
相當與mysql的show databases;
postgres=# select datname from pg_database;
相當於mysql的show tables, public 是默認的schema的名字
postgres=# SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema = 'public';
相當與mysql的describe table_name, 'table_name'是要查詢的表的名字
postgres=# SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name ='table_name';
退出
postgres=# \q

psql 是 PostgreSQL 的客戶端程序，要連接 PostgreSQL 數據庫，我們需要指定以下內容：

    -d or --dbname 數據庫名
    -h or --host 主機名
    -p or --port 端口號，默認5432 端口
    -U or --username 用戶名
    [postgres@localhost ~]$ psql -h localhost -p 8432 -U postgres

設置postgres用戶密碼

[postgres@localhost ~]$ psql
postgres=# ALTER USER postgres WITH encrypted PASSWORD 'new password';
postgres=# \q
[postgres@localhost ~]$ psql -h localhost -p 8432 -U postgres

設置開機自啟動

    設置啟動配置

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-11.service
添加內容：
[Unit]
Description=PostgreSQL 11 database server
Documentation=https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/static/
After=syslog.target
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=notify

User=postgres
Group=postgres

# Location of database directory
Environment=PGDATA=/mnt/db1/pgdata/pgsql/

# Where to send early-startup messages from the server (before the logging
# options of postgresql.conf take effect)
# This is normally controlled by the global default set by systemd
# StandardOutput=syslog

# Disable OOM kill on the postmaster
OOMScoreAdjust=-1000

Environment=PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE=/proc/self/oom_score_adj
Environment=PG_OOM_ADJUST_VALUE=0

# ExecStartPre=/usr/pgsql-11/bin/postgresql-11-check-db-dir ${PGDATA}
ExecStart=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D ${PGDATA}
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
# ExecStart=/usr/local/pgsql9.4/bin/pg_ctl start -D ${PGDATA} -s -o "-p ${PGPORT}" -w -t 300
# ExecStop=/usr/local/pgsql9.4/bin/pg_ctl stop -D ${PGDATA} -s -m fast
# ExecReload=/usr/local/pgsql9.4/bin/pg_ctl reload -D ${PGDATA} -s
KillMode=mixed
KillSignal=SIGINT

# Do not set any timeout value, so that systemd will not kill postmaster
# during crash recovery.
TimeoutSec=0

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

    添加可執行權限

[root@localhost postgres]# chmod 754 /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-11.service

    設置開機自啟動

自動啟動
[root@localhost postgres]# systemctl enable postgresql-11.service
啟動
[root@localhost postgres]# systemctl start postgresql-11.service
停止某服務
[root@localhost postgres]# systemctl stop postgresql-11.service
不自動啟動
[root@localhost postgres]# systemctl disable postgresql-11.service
檢查服務狀態（服務詳細信息）
systemctl status postgresql-11.service
檢查服務狀態（僅顯示是否Active）
systemctl is-active postgresql-11.service
顯示所有已啟動的服務
systemctl list-units --type=service

 

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centos6.3上安裝如下：

systemd-devel，llvm5.0 ，llvm5.0-devel，沒有安裝上。
./configure --prefix=/home/postgres/postgres11_5434 --enable-nls --with-perl --with-python --with-tcl --with-gssapi --with-openssl --with-pam --with-ldap --with-libxml --with-libxslt

同時在make的時候會出錯，需要將postgresql-11.5/src/test/isolation目錄下面的specs目錄給換個名稱，但是目前還不知道有什么影響

make -j4

make install