django權限驗證裝飾器

1、模型定義User

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import   BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model

class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
    def _create_user(self , telephone, username, password, **kwargs):
        if not telephone:
            raise  ValueError("必須要傳遞手機號碼！")
        if not password:
            raise  ValueError("必須要傳遞密碼")
        user = self.model( telephone = telephone, username= username , **kwargs)
        user.set_password( password )
        user.save()
        return  user

    def create_user(self,  telephone, username, password, **kwargs):
        kwargs['is_superuser'] = False
        return self._create_user( telephone = telephone, username=username, password = password, **kwargs )

    def create_superuser(self, telephone, username, password, **kwargs):
        kwargs['is_superuser'] = True
        return  self._create_user( telephone = telephone, username=username, password = password, **kwargs )

class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
    telephone = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True)
    email = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True)
    username = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)

    USERNAME_FIELD = "telephone"   #USERNAME_FIELD作用，是執行authenticate驗證， username參數傳入后，實際校驗的是telephone字段
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = []

    objects = UserManager()

    def get_full_name(self):
        return self.username

    def get_short_name(self):
        return self.username

class Article(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    content = models.TextField()
    # author = models.ForeignKey(  User, on_delete= models.CASCADE )
    #get_user_model()會自動獲取settings.py里面 AUTH_USER_MODEL，這樣不管你定義的那個User，都可以自動獲取，更安全
    author = models.ForeignKey(get_user_model(), on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    class Meta:
        permissions =[
            ('view_article', '看文章的權限！'),
        ]

2 app01/views.py視圖里面，進行權限限制

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, reverse,redirect
from django.db import  connection
from app01.models import User, Article
from django.contrib.auth import  authenticate, login, logout
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required, permission_required
from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission, ContentType
from app01.forms import LoginForm


def test(request):
    #創建用戶
    User.objects.create_user( telephone="15555655555", password="555555", username="zhiliao5" )

    #用認證
    # user = authenticate(request, username="15555655555", password="555555")
    # if user:
    #     print(user.username)
    #     print("驗證成功！")
    # else:
    #     print("驗證失敗！")
    return  HttpResponse("繼承AbstractUser擴展用戶")


def my_login(request):

    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, "login.html")
    else:
        print("提交的數據為："); print(request.POST)
        form = LoginForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            telephone = form.cleaned_data.get("telephone")
            password = form.cleaned_data.get("password")
            remember = form.cleaned_data.get("remember")
            user = authenticate(request, username =telephone, password=password)
            if user and user.is_active:
                login(request, user)
                if remember:
                    request.session.set_expiry(None)
                else:
                    request.session.set_expiry(0)
                #判斷是否有next跳轉地址
                if request.GET.get("next"):
                    return redirect( request.GET.get("next") )
                return HttpResponse("登錄成功！")
            else:
                return  HttpResponse("手機號碼或者密碼錯誤！")
        else:
            print(form.errors)
            return redirect( reverse("login") )

def my_logout(request):
    logout(request)
    return HttpResponse("成功退出")

@login_required(login_url="/login/")
def profile(request):
    return HttpResponse("這是個人中心，只有登錄了以后才能查看到！")

#添加權限
def add_permission(request):
    content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model( Article)
    permission = Permission.objects.create( codename="black_article", name="拉黑文章", content_type=content_type )
    return HttpResponse("權限創建成功")

#用戶與權限
def operate_permission(request):
    user = User.objects.first()
    content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Article)
    permissions = Permission.objects.filter( content_type = content_type )
    for permission in permissions:
        print(permission)
    #set([])添加權限
    user.user_permissions.set(permissions)
    #清空權限
    # user.user_permissions.clear()
    #add(*[])添加權限
    # user.user_permissions.add(* permissions)
    #remove(*[])刪除權限
    # user.user_permissions.remove(*permissions)

    if user.has_perm('app01.view_article'):
        print("這個用戶擁有view_article權限")
    else:
        print("這個用戶沒有view_article權限")
    print( user.get_all_permissions())
    return HttpResponse("操作權限的視圖！")

#權限限制
# def add_article(request):
#     if request.user.is_authenticated:
#         print("已經登錄了")
#         if request.user.has_perm('app01.add_article'):
#             return HttpResponse("這是添加文章的頁面！")
#         else:
#             return HttpResponse("您沒有訪問頁面的權限！", status=403)
#     else:
#         return redirect( reverse("login"))

#permission_required做了兩件事
#1.如果沒有登錄，會跳轉到登錄頁面
#2.如果沒有權限，通過 raise_exception=True，會顯示 403 Forbidden錯誤頁面
@permission_required( 'app01.add_article', login_url='/login/', raise_exception=True)
def add_article(request):
    return HttpResponse("這是添加文章的頁面！")

3、配置路由

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01 import views as app01_views

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path("test/", app01_views.test),
    path("login/", app01_views.my_login, name = "login"),
    path("logout/", app01_views.my_logout, name = "logout"),
    path("profile/", app01_views.profile, name="profile"),
    path("add_permission/", app01_views.add_permission, name="add_permission" ),
    path("oper_permission/", app01_views.operate_permission, name="oper_permission" ),
    path("add_article/", app01_views.add_article, name="add_article" ),
]

4、訪問add_article，沒有登錄，會跳轉到l “ login/ ”；登錄后，但是沒有權限，效果如下：