spring cloud 2.x版本 Gateway自定義過濾器教程

本文轉載自查看原文 2019-11-09 21:02 311 Spring cloud

前言

本文采用Spring cloud本文為2.1.8RELEASE，version=Greenwich.SR3

本文基於前兩篇文章eureka-server、eureka-client、eureka-ribbon、eureka-feign和spring-gataway的實現。
參考

eureka-server

eureka-client

eureka-ribbon

eureka-feign

spring-gateway

概術

Spring Cloud Gateway內部已經提供非常多的過濾器filter，Hystrix Gateway Filter、Prefix PathGateway Filter等。感興趣的小伙伴可以直接閱讀Spring Cloud Gateway官網相關文檔或直接閱讀源碼。但是很多情況下自帶的過濾器並不能滿足我們的需求，所以自定義過濾器就顯得的非常重要。本文主要介紹全局過濾器（Global Filter）和局部過濾器（Gateway Filter）。

Gateway Filter

自定義過濾器需要實現GatewayFilter和Ordered。其中GatewayFilter主要是用來實現自定義的具體邏輯，Ordered中的getOrder()方法是來給過濾器設定優先級別的，值越大優先級別越低。

1.1 創建Filter

package spring.cloud.demo.spring.gateway.filter;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilter;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;

public class MyGatewayFilter implements GatewayFilter, Ordered {

    private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(MyGatewayFilter.class);

    private static final String TIME = "Time";

    @Override
    public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        exchange.getAttributes().put(TIME, System.currentTimeMillis());
        return chain.filter(exchange).then(
                Mono.fromRunnable(() -> {
                    Long start = exchange.getAttribute(TIME);
                    if (start != null) {
                        log.info("exchange request uri:" + exchange.getRequest().getURI() + ", Time:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) + "ms");
                    }
                })
        );
    }

    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        return Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
    }
}

我們在請求過來到達的時候，往ServerWebExchange中放了一個屬性TIME，屬性的值為當前時間的毫秒數，然后請求結束后，又會將請求的時間數取出來來和當前時間數做差，得到耗時時間數。

如何區分“pre”和“post”？

pre就是chain.filter(exchange)部分.

post就是then()部分.

1.2 將Filter添加到Chain

package spring.cloud.demo.spring.gateway.config;

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteLocator;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.builder.RouteLocatorBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import spring.cloud.demo.spring.gateway.filter.MyGatewayFilter;

@Configuration
public class RoutesConfig {

    @Bean
    public RouteLocator routeLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder routeLocatorBuilder){
        return routeLocatorBuilder.routes().route(r -> r.path("/ribbon/**")
                .filters(f -> f.stripPrefix(1)
                        .filter(new MyGatewayFilter()) //增加自定義filter
                        .addRequestHeader("X-Response-Default-Foo", "Default-Bar"))
                .uri("lb://EUREKA-RIBBON")
                .order(0)
                .id("ribbon-route")
        ).build();
    }
}

1.2 啟動相關服務

啟動eureka-server、eureka-client、eureka-ribbon、spring-gateway相關服務，訪問http://localhost:8100/ribbon/sayHello地址，頁面顯示結果如下：

這時我打開控制台可以看到日志輸出為：

2.1 創建GlobalFilter

package spring.cloud.demo.spring.gateway.filter;

import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;


/**
 * 全局過濾器
 * 校驗token
 */
public class MyGlobalFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {

    private static final String TOKEN = "token";

    @Override
    public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        String parm = exchange.getRequest().getQueryParams().getFirst(TOKEN);
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(parm)) {
            exchange.getResponse().setStatusCode(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED);
            return exchange.getResponse().setComplete();
        }
        return chain.filter(exchange);
    }

    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        return 1;
    }
}

2.2 添加Bean

將MyGlobalFilter添加到Bean中

package spring.cloud.demo.spring.gateway.filter;

import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;


/**
 * 全局過濾器
 * 校驗token
 */
public class MyGlobalFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {

    private static final String TOKEN = "token";

    @Override
    public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        String parm = exchange.getRequest().getQueryParams().getFirst(TOKEN);
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(parm)) {
            exchange.getResponse().setStatusCode(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED);
            return exchange.getResponse().setComplete();
        }
        return chain.filter(exchange);
    }

    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        return 1;
    }
}

這里只是簡單模擬，如果感興趣的小伙伴可以自己嘗試將所有參數取出來並解析（可以利用反射來實現）。

2.3 啟動服務

重啟動服務，訪問http://localhost:8100/ribbon/sayHello，顯示如下：

我可以看到顯示訪問是不生效的，我們在請求中加入token=xxx,顯示如下：

這是看到正常返回。日志輸出如下：

2019-10-21 16:20:00.478  INFO 15322 --- [ctor-http-nio-2] c.netflix.config.ChainedDynamicProperty  : Flipping property: EUREKA-RIBBON.ribbon.ActiveConnectionsLimit to use NEXT property: niws.loadbalancer.availabilityFilteringRule.activeConnectionsLimit = 2147483647
2019-10-21 16:20:00.480  INFO 15322 --- [ctor-http-nio-2] c.n.l.DynamicServerListLoadBalancer      : DynamicServerListLoadBalancer for client EUREKA-RIBBON initialized: DynamicServerListLoadBalancer:{NFLoadBalancer:name=EUREKA-RIBBON,current list of Servers=[eureka1.server.com:8901],Load balancer stats=Zone stats: {defaultzone=[Zone:defaultzone;	Instance count:1;	Active connections count: 0;	Circuit breaker tripped count: 0;	Active connections per server: 0.0;]
},Server stats: [[Server:eureka1.server.com:8901;	Zone:defaultZone;	Total Requests:0;	Successive connection failure:0;	Total blackout seconds:0;	Last connection made:Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970;	First connection made: Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970;	Active Connections:0;	total failure count in last (1000) msecs:0;	average resp time:0.0;	90 percentile resp time:0.0;	95 percentile resp time:0.0;	min resp time:0.0;	max resp time:0.0;	stddev resp time:0.0]
]}ServerList:org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.eureka.DomainExtractingServerList@40585976
2019-10-21 16:20:01.293  INFO 15322 --- [ctor-http-nio-8] s.c.d.s.gateway.filter.MyGatewayFilter   : exchange request uri:http://localhost:8100/sayHello?token=xxx, Time:23ms
2019-10-21 16:20:01.467  INFO 15322 --- [erListUpdater-0] c.netflix.config.ChainedDynamicProperty  : Flipping property: EUREKA-RIBBON.ribbon.ActiveConnectionsLimit to use NEXT property: niws.loadbalancer.availabilityFilteringRule.activeConnectionsLimit = 2147483647

引用官網原文：The GlobalFilter interface has the same signature as GatewayFilter. These are special filters that are conditionally applied to all routes. (This interface and usage are subject to change in future milestones). 說明GlobalFilter在未來的版本中會又一些變化。

總結

至此，自定義filter的兩種方式就簡單的實現完成了。同樣的方式可以在feign做測試。

彩蛋

在前一篇文章中，配置文件中有這樣一段配置：

filters:
  - StripPrefix=1
  - AddResponseHeader=X-Response-Default-Foo, Default-Bar

StripPrefix和AddResponseHeader這兩個配置實際上是兩個Filter的過濾器工廠（GatewayFilterFactory）,接下來將介紹過濾器工廠的使用，相對來說這種方式更加靈活。

1.1 創建自定義過濾工廠

package spring.cloud.demo.spring.gateway.factory;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilter;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.factory.AbstractGatewayFilterFactory;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 自定義過濾器工廠
 */
public class MyGatewayFilterFactory extends AbstractGatewayFilterFactory<MyGatewayFilterFactory.Config> {

    private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(MyGatewayFilterFactory.class);

    private static final String PARAMS = "myParams";

    private static final String START_TIME = "startTime";

    public MyGatewayFilterFactory() {
        super(Config.class);
    }

    @Override
    public List<String> shortcutFieldOrder() {
        return Arrays.asList(PARAMS);
    }

    @Override
    public GatewayFilter apply(Config config) {
        return ((exchange, chain) -> {
            exchange.getAttributes().put(START_TIME, System.currentTimeMillis());
            return chain.filter(exchange).then(
                    Mono.fromRunnable(() -> {
                        Long startTime = exchange.getAttribute(START_TIME);
                        if (startTime == null) {
                            return;
                        }
                        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                        sb.append("exchange request uri:" + exchange.getRequest().getURI() + ",");
                        sb.append("Time:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) + "ms.");
                        if (config.isMyParams()) {
                            sb.append("params:" + exchange.getRequest().getQueryParams());
                        }
                        log.info(sb.toString());
                    })
            );
        });
    }

    /**
     * 配置參數類
     */
    public static class Config {

        private boolean myParams;

        public boolean isMyParams() {
            return myParams;
        }

        public void setMyParams(boolean myParams) {
            this.myParams = myParams;
        }
    }
}

注意：當我們繼承AbstractGatewayFilterFactory的時候，要把自定義的Config類傳給父類，否則會報錯。

1.2 添加自定義工廠Bean

package spring.cloud.demo.spring.gateway.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import spring.cloud.demo.spring.gateway.factory.MyGatewayFilterFactory;

@Configuration
public class FilterFactory {

    @Bean
    public MyGatewayFilterFactory myGatewayFilterFactory() {
        return new MyGatewayFilterFactory();
    }
}

1.3 修改application.yml

server:
  port: 8100
spring:
  application:
    name: spring-gateway
  cloud:
      gateway:
        discovery:
          locator:
            enabled: true # 開啟通過服務中心的自動根據 serviceId 創建路由的功能
        default-filters:
          - My=true
        routes:
          - id: ribbon-route
            uri: lb://EUREKA-RIBBON
            order: 0
            predicates:
              - Path=/ribbon/**
            filters:
              - StripPrefix=1 #去掉前綴，具體實現參考StripPrefixGatewayFilterFactory
              - AddResponseHeader=X-Response-Default-Foo, Default-Bar
          - id: feign-route
            uri: lb://EUREKA-FEIGN
            order: 0
            predicates:
              - Path=/feign/**
            filters:
              - StripPrefix=1
              - AddResponseHeader=X-Response-Default-Foo, Default-Bar


eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: eureka1.server.com
    lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 5
    lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 10
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka1.server.com:8701/eureka/,http://eureka2.server.com:8702/eureka/,http://eureka3.server.com:8703/eureka/

default-filters:- My=true 主要增加了這個配置。

1.4 啟動服務

訪問http://localhost:8100/ribbon/sayHello?token=xxx，顯示如果下：

日志輸出結果：

2019-10-21 17:40:20.191  INFO 18059 --- [ctor-http-nio-2] c.netflix.config.ChainedDynamicProperty  : Flipping property: EUREKA-RIBBON.ribbon.ActiveConnectionsLimit to use NEXT property: niws.loadbalancer.availabilityFilteringRule.activeConnectionsLimit = 2147483647
2019-10-21 17:40:20.192  INFO 18059 --- [ctor-http-nio-2] c.n.l.DynamicServerListLoadBalancer      : DynamicServerListLoadBalancer for client EUREKA-RIBBON initialized: DynamicServerListLoadBalancer:{NFLoadBalancer:name=EUREKA-RIBBON,current list of Servers=[eureka1.server.com:8901],Load balancer stats=Zone stats: {defaultzone=[Zone:defaultzone;	Instance count:1;	Active connections count: 0;	Circuit breaker tripped count: 0;	Active connections per server: 0.0;]
},Server stats: [[Server:eureka1.server.com:8901;	Zone:defaultZone;	Total Requests:0;	Successive connection failure:0;	Total blackout seconds:0;	Last connection made:Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970;	First connection made: Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970;	Active Connections:0;	total failure count in last (1000) msecs:0;	average resp time:0.0;	90 percentile resp time:0.0;	95 percentile resp time:0.0;	min resp time:0.0;	max resp time:0.0;	stddev resp time:0.0]
]}ServerList:org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.eureka.DomainExtractingServerList@46c172ce
2019-10-21 17:40:20.583  INFO 18059 --- [ctor-http-nio-7] s.c.d.s.g.f.MyGatewayFilterFactory       : exchange request uri:http://localhost:8100/ribbon/sayHello?token=xxx,Time:582ms.params:{token=[xxx]}
2019-10-21 17:40:21.181  INFO 18059 --- [erListUpdater-0] c.netflix.config.ChainedDynamicProperty  : Flipping property: EUREKA-RIBBON.ribbon.ActiveConnectionsLimit to use NEXT property: niws.loadbalancer.availabilityFilteringRule.activeConnectionsLimit = 2147483647

總結

過濾器工廠的頂級的接口是GatewayFilterFactory，我們可以直接繼承它們的兩個抽象類AbstractGatewayFilterFactory 和 AbstractNameValueGatewayFilterFactory來簡化開發。區別在於AbstractGatewayFilterFactory是接受一個參數，AbstractNameValueGatewayFilterFactory是接收兩個參數，例如：- AddResponseHeader=X-Response-Default-Foo, Default-Bar

結語

本文介紹了GatewayFilter、GlobalFilter和GatewayFilterFactory的簡單使用方式，相信小伙伴們對Spring Cloud Gateway有了簡單的了解。

代碼地址

gitHub地址

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