虛擬機擴展Linux根目錄磁盤空間

本文轉載自查看原文 2019-11-07 11:20 726 關於Linux

簡要擴展空間方法http://www.kwx.gd/CentOSApp/Xen-Centos6-Mounted-HardDrive.html

最近在VMware虛擬機上使用Centos，用着用着，發現虛擬機的磁盤空間不夠了。通過以下步驟成功擴展了根目錄的磁盤空間

1、Centos 關機，選擇編輯虛擬機設置，硬盤，在實用工具那里選擇“擴展”

填寫擴展的磁盤容量

點擊擴展后，VMware會提示磁盤已成功擴展。您必須從客戶機操作系統內部對磁盤重新進行分區和擴展文件系統。也就是說，這里擴展的磁盤空間，在操作系統里面還不可用，還沒生效，需要在操作系統里面進行設置后才能使用。

2、啟動客戶機操作系統Centos，查看磁盤情況

輸入指令

fdisk -l

顯示結果如下

Disk /dev/loop0: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/loop1: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/sda: 37.6 GB, 37580963840 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4568 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000c8278

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 1306 9972736 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root: 9135 MB, 9135194112 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1110 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_swap: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/docker-253:0-264224-pool: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 65536 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

其中，可以看到現在的分區情況如下

Device　　 Boot 　　Start　　 End 　　Blocks　　Id 　　System
/dev/sda1 　　 * 　　 1 　　　 64 　　 512000　　83 　　 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 　　　　　　 64 　　306　　 9972736　 8e　　Linux LVM

3、創建分區 sda3

輸入指令

fdisk /dev/sda

然后根據命令提示創建分區，具體見以下 # 后面的注釋

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It s strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): n # 輸入 n 表示創建新分區 Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 3 # 輸入 3 表示sda3，因為前面已經有兩個了 First cylinder (1306-4568, default 1306): # 回車，按默認值 Using default value 1306 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1306-4568, default 4568): # 回車，按默認值 Using default value 4568 Command (m for help): w # 輸入 w 保存退出 The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks.

再次查看分區情況

fdisk -l

這時可以看到

Disk /dev/loop0: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/loop1: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/sda: 37.6 GB, 37580963840 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4568 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000c8278

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 1306 9972736 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 1306 4568 26206700 83 Linux

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root: 9135 MB, 9135194112 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1110 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_swap: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/docker-253:0-264224-pool: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 65536 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

其中，分區已變為3個了，但這時還沒掛載，還不能用

Device　　　 Boot　　Start　　 End　　Blocks 　　Id　　 System
/dev/sda1 　　 * 　　　1 　　　64 　　　512000　　83　　 Linux
Partition 　1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2　　　　　　 64 　　 1306 　　9972736　　8e　　Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 　　　　　 1306 　　4568　　26206700 　 83 　Linux

4、重啟操作系統

reboot

5、格式化新分區為ext3

輸入指令

mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda3

結果為

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1638400 inodes, 6551675 blocks
327583 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
200 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

6、將物理硬盤分區初始化為物理卷，以便被LVM使用，輸入指令

lvs
pvcreate /dev/sda3

7、向卷組中添加物理卷來增加卷組的容量

查看lvm組名，輸入指令 df -h

[root@test001 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root #這個是卷組 8.3G 5.4G 2.5G 69% / tmpfs 1001M 0 1001M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 477M 54M 394M 12% /boot

其中，vg_test001 就是根所在的組名

輸入指令，增加卷組的容量

vgextend vg_test001 /dev/sda3  #組名根據實際

8、查看可擴展的空間大小

輸入指令，顯示LNM卷組的元數據信息

vgdisplay

結果為

- --- Volume group ---
  VG Name vg_test001
  System ID
  Format lvm2
  Metadata Areas 2
  Metadata Sequence No 4
  VG Access read/write
  VG Status resizable
  MAX LV 0
  Cur LV 2
  Open LV 2
  Max PV 0
  Cur PV 2
  Act PV 2
  VG Size 34.50 GiB
  PE Size 4.00 MiB
  Total PE 8831
  Alloc PE / Size 2434 / 9.51 GiB
  Free PE / Size 6397 / 24.99 GiB　　# 剩余可分配空間，1G=256
  VG UUID JuPKc8-Ydps-1bsN-0Wld-fbYS-0Hd2-NgvX1q

其中 Free PE / Size 就是可供分配的自由空間，最多有 24.99G，在擴展時輸入小於該值

9、擴充磁盤空間

lvextend -L+24G /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root /dev/sda3

或

lvextend -L+6397 /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root /dev/sda3

10、使用e2fsck指令檢查文件系統錯誤

e2fsck -a /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root

11、使用resize2fs指令來增大或者收縮未加載的“ext2/ext3”文件系統的大小

resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root

12、查看擴展空間后的結果

[root@test001 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root 32G 5.4G 26G 18% / tmpfs 1001M 0 1001M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 477M 54M 394M 12% /boot

可以看出，在根目錄下磁盤空間已經擴容了，大功告成！

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