Linux中netstat命令詳解
Netstat是控制台命令,是一個監控TCP/IP網絡的非常有用的工具,它可以顯示路由表、實際的網絡連接以及每一個網絡接口設備的狀態信息。Netstat用於顯示與IP、TCP、UDP和ICMP協議相關的統計數據,一般用於檢驗本機各端口的網絡連接情況。
linux上面排查某個端口號是否被占用
1.netstat -anp |grep 端口號
如下,我以3306為例,netstat -anp |grep 3306(此處備注下,我是以普通用戶操作,故加上了sudo,如果是以root用戶操作,不用加sudo即可查看),如下圖1:

圖1
圖1中主要看監控狀態為LISTEN表示已經被占用,最后一列顯示被服務mysqld占用,查看具體端口號,只要有如圖這一行就表示被占用了。
2.netstat -nultp(此處不用加端口號)
該命令是查看當前所有已經使用的端口情況,如圖2:

圖2
圖中可以看出我的82端口沒有被占用
3.netstat -anp |grep 82查看82端口的使用情況,如圖3:

圖3
可以看出並沒有LISTEN那一行,所以就表示沒有被占用。此處注意,圖中顯示的LISTENING並不表示端口被占用,不要和LISTEN混淆哦,查看具體端口時候,必須要看到tcp,端口號,LISTEN那一行,才表示端口被占用了
下面是一些常用的命令
常見參數
-a (all)顯示所有選項,默認不顯示LISTEN相關
-t (tcp)僅顯示tcp相關選項
-u (udp)僅顯示udp相關選項
-n 拒絕顯示別名,能顯示數字的全部轉化成數字。
-l 僅列出有在 Listen (監聽) 的服務狀態
-p 顯示建立相關鏈接的程序名
-r 顯示路由信息,路由表
-e 顯示擴展信息,例如uid等
-s 按各個協議進行統計
-c 每隔一個固定時間,執行該netstat命令。
提示:LISTEN和LISTENING的狀態只有用-a或者-l才能看到
1、列出所有的連接(包括監聽和未監聽的)
$ netstat -a Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 enlightened:domain *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 enlightened.local:54750 li240-5.members.li:http ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 enlightened.local:49980 del01s07-in-f14.1:https ESTABLISHED tcp6 0 0 ip6-localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN udp 0 0 enlightened:domain *:* udp 0 0 *:bootpc *:* udp 0 0 enlightened.local:ntp *:* udp 0 0 localhost:ntp *:* udp 0 0 *:ntp *:* udp 0 0 *:58570 *:* udp 0 0 *:mdns *:* udp 0 0 *:49459 *:* udp6 0 0 fe80::216:36ff:fef8:ntp [::]:* udp6 0 0 ip6-localhost:ntp [::]:* udp6 0 0 [::]:ntp [::]:* udp6 0 0 [::]:mdns [::]:* udp6 0 0 [::]:63811 [::]:* udp6 0 0 [::]:54952 [::]:* Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 12403 @/tmp/dbus-IDgfj3UGXX unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 40202 @/dbus-vfs-daemon/socket-6nUC6CCx
2、只列出tcp和udp協議的連接。
$ netstat -at Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 enlightened:domain *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 enlightened.local:36310 del01s07-in-f24.1:https ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 enlightened.local:45038 a96-17-181-10.depl:http ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 enlightened.local:37892 ABTS-North-Static-:http ESTABLISHED .....
# netstat -au
Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State udp 0 0 *:34660 *:* udp 0 0 enlightened:domain *:* udp 0 0 *:bootpc *:* udp 0 0 enlightened.local:ntp *:* udp 0 0 localhost:ntp *:* udp 0 0 *:ntp *:* udp6 0 0 fe80::216:36ff:fef8:ntp [::]:* udp6 0 0 ip6-localhost:ntp [::]:* udp6 0 0 [::]:ntp [::]:*
上面同時顯示了 IPv4 和 IPv6 的連接。
3、禁用反向域名,加快查詢的速度
默認情況下netstat會通過反向域名解析技術查找每個ip地址對應的主機名。這會降低查找的速度,如果你覺得iop地址已經足夠,而沒有必要知道主機名,就使用-n選項禁用域名解析功能。
$ netstat -ant Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 127.0.1.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 192.168.1.2:49058 173.255.230.5:80 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 192.168.1.2:33324 173.194.36.117:443 ESTABLISHED tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN
4、列出所有處於監聽狀態的 Sockets
只顯示監聽端口 netstat -l
# netstat -l
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN
udp 0 0 *:49119 *:*
只列出所有監聽 tcp 端口 netstat -lt
# netstat -lt
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 localhost:30037 *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:smtp *:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN
只列出所有監聽 udp 端口 netstat -lu
# netstat -lu
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
udp 0 0 *:49119 *:*
udp 0 0 *:mdns *:*
只列出所有監聽 UNIX 端口 netstat -lx
# netstat -lx
Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6294 private/maildrop
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6203 public/cleanup
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6302 private/ifmail
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6306 private/bsmtp
5、獲取進程名、進程號以及用戶ID
~$ sudo netstat -nlpt Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.1.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1144/dnsmasq tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 661/cupsd tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 661/cupsd
$ sudo netstat -ltpe Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State User Inode PID/Program name tcp 0 0 enlightened:domain *:* LISTEN root 11090 1144/dnsmasq tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN root 9755 661/cupsd tcp6 0 0 ip6-localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN root 9754 661/cupsd
這些額外的信息包括用戶名和進程的索引節點號。這個命令對網管來說很有用。
注意 – 假如你將 -n 和 -e 選項一起使用,User 列的屬性就是用戶的 ID 號,而不是用戶名。
6、打印統計數據
$ netstat -s Ip: 32797 total packets received 0 forwarded 0 incoming packets discarded 32795 incoming packets delivered 29115 requests sent out 60 outgoing packets dropped Icmp: 125 ICMP messages received 0 input ICMP message failed. ICMP input histogram: destination unreachable: 125 125 ICMP messages sent 0 ICMP messages failed ICMP output histogram: destination unreachable: 125 ... OUTPUT TRUNCATED ...
7、顯示內核路由信息
$ netstat -rn Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
8、打印網絡接口
$ netstat -i Kernel Interface table Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg eth0 1500 0 31611 0 0 0 27503 0 0 0 BMRU lo 65536 0 2913 0 0 0 2913 0 0 0 LRU
$ netstat -ie Kernel Interface table eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:16:36:f8:b2:64 inet addr:192.168.1.2 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::216:36ff:fef8:b264/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:31682 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:27573 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:29637117 (29.6 MB) TX bytes:4590583 (4.5 MB) Interrupt:18 Memory:da000000-da020000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:2921 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2921 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:305297 (305.2 KB) TX bytes:305297 (305.2 KB)
9、netstat持續輸出
$ netstat -ct
10、顯示多播組信息
$ netstat -g IPv6/IPv4 Group Memberships Interface RefCnt Group --------------- ------ --------------------- lo 1 all-systems.mcast.net eth0 1 224.0.0.251 eth0 1 all-systems.mcast.net lo 1 ip6-allnodes lo 1 ff01::1 eth0 1 ff02::fb eth0 1 ff02::1:fff8:b264 eth0 1 ip6-allnodes eth0 1 ff01::1 wlan0 1 ip6-allnodes wlan0 1 ff01::1
$ netstat -atnp | grep ESTA (Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.) tcp 0 0 192.168.1.2:49156 173.255.230.5:80 ESTABLISHED 1691/chrome tcp 0 0 192.168.1.2:33324 173.194.36.117:443 ESTABLISHED 1691/chrome
$ watch -d -n0 "netstat -atnp | grep ESTA"
$ sudo netstat -aple | grep ntp udp 0 0 enlightened.local:ntp *:* root 17430 1789/ntpd udp 0 0 localhost:ntp *:* root 17429 1789/ntpd udp 0 0 *:ntp *:* root 17422 1789/ntpd udp6 0 0 fe80::216:36ff:fef8:ntp [::]:* root 17432 1789/ntpd udp6 0 0 ip6-localhost:ntp [::]:* root 17431 1789/ntpd udp6 0 0 [::]:ntp [::]:* root 17423 1789/ntpd unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 17418 1789/ntpd
11. IP和TCP分析
查看連接某服務端口最多的的IP地址
wss8848@ubuntu:~$ netstat -nat | grep "192.168.1.15:22" |awk '{print $5}'|awk -F: '{print $1}'|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -20
18 221.136.168.36
3 154.74.45.242
2 78.173.31.236
2 62.183.207.98
2 192.168.1.14
2 182.48.111.215
2 124.193.219.34
2 119.145.41.2
2 114.255.41.30
1 75.102.11.99
TCP各種狀態列表
wss8848@ubuntu:~$ netstat -nat |awk '{print $6}'
established)
Foreign
LISTEN
TIME_WAIT
ESTABLISHED
TIME_WAIT
SYN_SENT
先把狀態全都取出來,然后使用uniq -c統計,之后再進行排序。
wss8848@ubuntu:~$ netstat -nat |awk '{print $6}'|sort|uniq -c
143 ESTABLISHED
1 FIN_WAIT1
1 Foreign
1 LAST_ACK
36 LISTEN
6 SYN_SENT
113 TIME_WAIT
1 established)
最后的命令如下:
netstat -nat |awk '{print $6}'|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn
分析access.log獲得訪問前10位的ip地址
awk '{print $1}' access.log |sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -10
