python open 函數的一些坑

（1）路徑問題

open一個同py文件同一個目錄的文件的時候，用以下：

txt = open('/filtered_words.txt','rb')
words = txt.readline()
filtered = []
for word in words:
filtered.append(word)
txt.close()
print(filtered)

會報錯
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/filtered_words.txt'

這里寫錯了一個地方，應該寫成
txt = open('filtered_words.txt','rb')
也可利用絕對路徑

txt = open('E:\\python_project\\test\github\\filtered_words.txt','rb')
這樣也不會報錯
用反斜杠，這樣也不會報錯

txt = open('E:/python_project/test/github/filtered_words.txt','rb')

(3)打開文件格式

文檔的內容是漢字，用utf-8格式，如果用rb權限open文件，漢字打印出來會變成數字

txt = open('filtered_words.txt','rb')
words = txt.readline()
打印結果是：
[229, 140, 151, 228, 186, 172, 13, 10]

 

用r權限open會報錯

UnicodeDecodeError: 'gbk' codec can't decode byte 0x98 in position 16: illegal multibyte sequence
在open的時候，加一個編碼

txt = open('filtered_words.txt','r',encoding='UTF-8')
words = txt.readline()
打印出來的結果是
['北', '京', '\n']

把readline換成read函數，打印結果是

['北', '京', '\n', '程', '序', '員', '\n', '公', '務', '員']

自行百度了read()、readline()、readlines()的區別，最后代碼整理

txt = open('filtered_words.txt','rb',encoding='UTF-8')
wor = txt.readlines()
filtered = []
for word in wor:
word = word.strip('\n')
filtered.append(word)
print(word)
txt.close()
print(filtered)
打印結果是['北京', '程序員', '公務員']


最終代碼如下：
class senseWord():
def __init__(self):
self.list = []
file = open('filtered_words.txt','r',encoding='UTF-8')
words = file.readlines()
for word in words:
word = word.strip('\n')
self.list.append(word)

def checkwords(self,str):
if str in self.list:
return True
else:
return False


if __name__ == '__main__':
sense = senseWord()
str = input('input a string')
if sense.checkwords(str) == True:
print('freedom')
else:

 

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