Your music player contains `N` different songs and she wants to listen to `L` (not necessarily different) songs during your trip. You create a playlist so that:
- Every song is played at least once
- A song can only be played again only if
Kother songs have been played
Return the number of possible playlists. As the answer can be very large, return it modulo 10^9 + 7.
Example 1:
Input: N = 3, L = 3, K = 1
Output: 6
Explanation: There are 6 possible playlists. [1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 2], [2, 1, 3], [2, 3, 1], [3, 1, 2], [3, 2, 1].
Example 2:
Input: N = 2, L = 3, K = 0
Output: 6 Explanation: There are 6 possible playlists. [1, 1, 2], [1, 2, 1], [2, 1, 1], [2, 2, 1], [2, 1, 2], [1, 2, 2]
Example 3:
Input: N = 2, L = 3, K = 1
Output: 2
Explanation: There are 2 possible playlists. [1, 2, 1], [2, 1, 2]
Note:
0 <= K < N <= L <= 100
這道題說是一個音樂播放器有N首歌,有個她想聽L首歌(可以有重復),但需要滿足兩個條件,一個是每首歌都必須至少播放1次,第二個是兩首重復歌的中間至少要有K首其他的歌。提示了結果可能非常巨大,需要對一個超大數取余。對於這類結果超大的數,基本不用懷疑,基本都是用動態規划 Dynamic Programming 來做,這里主要參考了 [大神 optimisea 的帖子](https://leetcode.com/problems/number-of-music-playlists/discuss/180338/DP-solution-that-is-Easy-to-understand)。首先就是要確定 dp 的定義式,顯然這里一維的 dp 數組是罩不住的,因為貌似有三個參數,N,L 和 K。但是否意味着需要個三維數組呢,其實也不用,並不關心所有的K值,但是對於N和L是必須要關注的,這里用一個二維 dp 數組,其中 dp[i][j] 表示總共放了i首歌,其中j首是不同的。下面來考慮狀態轉移方程,在加入一首歌的時候,此時有兩種情況:
- 當加入的是一首新歌,則表示之前的 i-1 首歌中有 j-1 首不同的歌曲,其所有的組合情況都可以加上這首新歌,那么當前其實有 N-(j-1) 首新歌可以選。
- 當加入的是一首重復的歌,則表示之前的 i-1 首歌中已經有了 j 首不同的歌,那么若沒有K的限制,則當前有 j 首重復的歌可以選。但是現在有了K的限制,意思是兩首重復歌中間必須要有K首其他的歌,則當前只有 j-K 首可以選。而當 j<K 時,其實這種情況是為0的。
綜上所述可以得到狀態轉移方程:
dp[i-1][j-1]*(N-(j-1)) + dp[i-1][j]*(j-k) (j > K)
/
dp[i][j] =
\
dp[i-1][j-1]*(N-(j-1)) (j <= K)
參見代碼如下:
class Solution {
public:
int numMusicPlaylists(int N, int L, int K) {
int M = 1e9 + 7;
vector<vector<long>> dp(L + 1, vector<long>(N + 1));
dp[0][0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= L; ++i) {
for (int j = 1; j <= N; ++j) {
dp[i][j] = (dp[i - 1][j - 1] * (N - (j - 1))) % M;
if (j > K) {
dp[i][j] = (dp[i][j] + dp[i - 1][j] * (j - K) % M) % M;
}
}
}
return dp[L][N];
}
};
Github 同步地址:
https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/920
參考資料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/number-of-music-playlists/
https://leetcode.com/problems/number-of-music-playlists/discuss/178415/C%2B%2BJavaPython-DP-Solution
[LeetCode All in One 題目講解匯總(持續更新中...)](https://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/4606334.html)
